Leg Strength Is Related to Endurance Run Performance in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Fernhall ◽  
Kenneth H. Pitetti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shuttle Run

This study evaluated the relationship between leg strength and endurance run performance, independent of aerobic capacity (V̇O2peak), body size, and gender, in children and adolescents with mild or moderate mental retardation. Twenty-six individuals (15 boys and 11 girls) volunteered and underwent tests of V̇O2peak, isokinetic leg strength, and endurance run performance (600-yard ran/walk and 20-m shuttle run). Results showed that leg strength was significantly related to both types of run performance; however, when controlling for V̇O2peak, body size, and gender, leg strength was a more significant contributor to the 600-yard run/walk than to 20-m shuttle run performance. Gender did not influence these relationships. These data suggest that leg strength has a significant influence on endurance run performance in children and adolescents with mild or moderate mental retardation.

Cross Validation of the 20-m Shuttle Run Test for Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Fernhall ◽  
A. Lynn Millar ◽  
Kenneth H. Pitetti ◽  
Terri Hensen ◽  
Mathew D. Vukovsch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Specific Formula ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Treadmill Protocol ◽  
Shuttle Run

We cross validated the 20-m shuttle run test of aerobic capacity in children and adolescents with mild and moderate mental retardation (MR) using the population specific formula of Fernhall et al. (1998). Nine boys and 8 girls (age = 13.7 yr) completed a maximal treadmill protocol (measured V̇O2peak) and a 20-m shuttle run (predicted V̇O2peak). The measured peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) was 39.4 ml kg-1 min-1. The relationship between measured and predicted V̇O2peak was r = .86 with an SEE of 6.2 ml kg-1 min-1. Multiple regression and Bland-Altman analyses showed that there was little bias, but the Bland-Altman analysis indicated highly variable limits of agreement (Bland & Altman 1986). Thus, the traditional approach (regression analysis) to concurrent validity revealed that the 20-m shuttle run is a valid indicator of V̇O2peak in these participants. The accuracy of prediction (Bland & Altman, 1986), however, was lower than expected in a population without MR.

Aerobic Capacity as Related to Leg Strength in Youths with Mental Retardation

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Pitetti ◽  
Bo Fernhall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometry ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flexion And Extension

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and leg strength of male (n = 17) and female (n = 12) youths (age = 14.2 ± 2.1 years) with mild to moderate mental retardation. Aerobic capacity was determined by a treadmill test (GXT) and isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength (peak torque, peak force, average force) was determined by isokinetic dynamometry. Results indicate that significant positive relationships (p < .05) exist between VO2peak (ml · min−1 · kg−1) and isokinetic leg strength expressed relative to body weight. The results indicate that leg strength is a contributor to aerobic fitness in youths with mental retardation. Additionally, when considering the low levels of both strength and VO2peak, leg strength may be a limiting factor of VO2peak in these youths, or the relationship may be explained by the concept of metabolic nonspecialization.

Interrelationship between specific high-intensity intermittent efforts ability with aerobic capacity and slow stretch-shortening cycle utilization in taekwondo athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alex Ojeda-Aravena ◽  
Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela ◽  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Eduardo Baez-San Martín ◽  
José Zapata-Bastías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Stretch Shortening Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shuttle Run

BACKGROUND: Repeat high-intensity intermittent efforts is a taekwondo-specific ability but the influence of aerobic capacity and dynamic strength characteristics on this ability has received relatively little attention in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between specific high-intensity intermittent efforts with aerobic capacity and slow stretch-shortening cycle utilization in taekwondo athletes. METHODS: Nineteen taekwondo male athletes were assessed by squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-meter shuttle run (20MSR), and frequency speed of kick test multiple (FSKTMULT). From the FSKTMULT, total kicks and kick decrement index [KDI] were calculated. Additionally, from both jump tests, the slow stretch-shortening cycle utilization (Slow SSC Utilization) was determined from the eccentric utilization ratio [EUR], pre-stretch augmentation [PSA], and reactive strength index [RSI]. RESULTS: There were positive and significant correlations between total kicks with 20MSR (r= 0.85; p= 0.00) and SJ (r= 0.66; p< 0.05). The multiple regression model demonstrated that total kicks where significantly influenced by 20MSR (R2= 71%; p= 0.00). Additionally, only EUR and RSI explained total kicks performance to a greater proportion (R2= 76%). CONCLUSIONS: The FSKTMULT total kicks performance is positively correlated and influenced by aerobic capacity and slow SSC utilization.

Comparison of Risperidone and Methylphenidate for Reducing ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Moderate Mental Retardation

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alceu Gomes Correia Filho ◽  
Rafael Bodanese ◽  
Tatiana Laufer Silva ◽  
Júlia Paglioza Alvares ◽  
Michael Aman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation

scholarly journals Bias in food intake reporting in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the role of body size, age and gender

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maffeis ◽  
Yves Schutz ◽  
Elena Fornari ◽  
Marco Marigliano ◽  
Francesca Tomasselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Body Compositions of Taekwondo Practitioners Aged 14-16 and Their Aerobic Endurance

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3438-3440
Author(s):  
Duygu Sevinç Yilmaz ◽  
Burakhan Aydemir
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Body Compositions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background: Taekwondo (TKD) is a combat sport practiced by millions of children, young people and adults around the world.1 It is an Olympic sports branch with many complex features and constant interaction between two opponents in the competitions, where attack-contact techniques are applied quickly, attacking techniques are strong2,3 but also have good flexibility. Aim: This study has been carried out to identify the relationship between body composition of taekwondo practitioners aged 14-16 who regularly practice taekwondo, and their aerobic endurance. Methods: A total of 33 registered taekwondo practitioners (17 male, 16 female) participated to this study on a voluntary basis. The age, height, weight, and body mass index of all the athletes who took part in the study are 14.96±0.80 years, 162.59±11.59 cm, 50.97±7.51 kg and 19.14±2.39 kg/m² respectively. The group who participated to the study practice taekwondo two days a week, for 2 hours each, for a period of 1.5 years. The aerobic endurance of taekwondo athletes was measured by 20-meter-long Shuttle Run Test. In order to measure the body composition values of the athletes, measurements of skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapula, subrailiac) were carried out. In calculating the body density, the formula of Durning-Womersley was used; and in calculating the body fat percentage, the formula of Siri was employed. Data was evaluated by SPSS 22.0. The normality distribution of the data obtained at the end of the study was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and it was observed that the data was in line with normal distribution. Following the normalcy assessment, the relationship between body compositions and aerobic endurances was determined by Pearson Correlation analysis. Results: It is possible to say that the body composition values of taekwondo practitioners aged 14-16 have positive and negative impact on their aerobic endurance. It is observed that as the values 20-meter Shuttle Run test increases, fat percentage of athletes decreases. Conclusion: It is concluded that the findings obtained from the research results support the literature, and that body composition and aerobic capacity are important as performance criteria in many studies. It is thought that it may be beneficial for the athletes to perform aerobic endurance exercises during the annual training periods to perform the necessary practices to optimize their body composition and improve their aerobic capacity. Keywords: Taekwondo, Body Composition, Aerobic Endurance

scholarly journals The Relationship between Fitness and Marksmanship in Police Officers

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Muirhead ◽  
Robin Orr ◽  
Ben Schram ◽  
Charlie Kornhauser ◽  
Ryan Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Dynamic Scenario ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shuttle Run

Police officers may be required to discharge their weapon under physical duress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fitness and marksmanship to facilitate future strategies to improve marksmanship. Retrospective data were provided for thirty-four police officers (mean age = 40.48 ± 6.66 years: mean weight = 100.60 ± 19.82 kg: mean height = 180.42 ± 6.87 cm) from a US-based law enforcement agency. Data included four different fitness measures and three different shooting scenarios. No significant relationship was observed between the three different shooting scenarios. There was a significant relationship between shuttle run and static shoot (r = 0.528, p = 0.002), grip strength and the dynamic scenario (r = −0.367, p = 0.035) and leg strength and the positive identification scenario (r = 0.344, p = 0.050). This study demonstrated that a high variety of fitness training and marksmanship practice, under various occupational scenarios, may be required to ensure optimal police shooting accuracy whilst in the field.

scholarly journals Delivering Development to Gender-conscious Communities in S. Korea: What Factors Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Huh Taewook ◽  
Kim Yunyoung
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Monitoring Framework ◽  
Institutional Resources ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to suggest an alternative monitoring framework for the WFC (Women-Friendly City) project that can have an impact on the performance of the WFC project. In particular, this study looks at the mutual relationships between the factors of the framework that was suggested through the analysis of the project-related interviewees` accounts of qualitative research. Path analysis was carried out to analyze the relationship between the six variables - independent (Institutional Resources), parametric (PPCo or Public-Public Cooperation), Education, PPP (Public-Private Partnership) and dependent (Performance and (Gender) Representation). As a result, it was found that Institutional Resources, PPCo, and PPP had a significant influence on Performance and Representation. In particular, there were four statistical associations (paths): Institutional Resources → Performance, PPCo → Performance, PPCo → Representation, and PPP → Representation (p<0.05).

Perceived and Actual Physical Competence in Children with Mild Mental Retardation

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonkoo Yun ◽  
Dale A. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Relationship

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between perceived and actual physical competence in children with mild mental retardation (MMR). Participants were 54 males and 55 females, M age = 9.47. Pearson correlation indicated no significant relationship between perceived and actual physical competence in children with MMR. When the age factor was partialed out, the resulting partial correlations revealed a significant moderate relationship between the two variables for older children with MMR. A 6 × 2 (Age × Gender) MANOVA revealed a significant interaction between age and gender on perceived physical competence. No gender difference was found in younger children, whereas in older children, males had significantly higher perceived competence than females. A possible explanation for the nonsignificant correlation between perceived and actual physical competence in younger children may be insufficient cognitive functioning for making self-evaluations.

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