Perceived and Actual Physical Competence in Children with Mild Mental Retardation

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonkoo Yun ◽  
Dale A. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Relationship

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between perceived and actual physical competence in children with mild mental retardation (MMR). Participants were 54 males and 55 females, M age = 9.47. Pearson correlation indicated no significant relationship between perceived and actual physical competence in children with MMR. When the age factor was partialed out, the resulting partial correlations revealed a significant moderate relationship between the two variables for older children with MMR. A 6 × 2 (Age × Gender) MANOVA revealed a significant interaction between age and gender on perceived physical competence. No gender difference was found in younger children, whereas in older children, males had significantly higher perceived competence than females. A possible explanation for the nonsignificant correlation between perceived and actual physical competence in younger children may be insufficient cognitive functioning for making self-evaluations.

Leg Strength Is Related to Endurance Run Performance in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Fernhall ◽  
Kenneth H. Pitetti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Moderate Mental Retardation ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shuttle Run

This study evaluated the relationship between leg strength and endurance run performance, independent of aerobic capacity (V̇O2peak), body size, and gender, in children and adolescents with mild or moderate mental retardation. Twenty-six individuals (15 boys and 11 girls) volunteered and underwent tests of V̇O2peak, isokinetic leg strength, and endurance run performance (600-yard ran/walk and 20-m shuttle run). Results showed that leg strength was significantly related to both types of run performance; however, when controlling for V̇O2peak, body size, and gender, leg strength was a more significant contributor to the 600-yard run/walk than to 20-m shuttle run performance. Gender did not influence these relationships. These data suggest that leg strength has a significant influence on endurance run performance in children and adolescents with mild or moderate mental retardation.

scholarly journals Age, Gender, Attitudes and Motivation as Predictors of Willingness to Listen in L2

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Ahmet Selçuk Akdemir
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attitude And Motivation

The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between the attitudes and motivation of EFL learners and their willingness to listen (WTL); possible effects of age and gender on EFL learners’ WTL, attitude and motivation. A quantitative study was designed in which 239 participants, intermediate level EFL learners at a public university, took a set of instruments, namely a reduced version of the AMTB, mini-AMTB, and WTL scale in Likert type. The participants were also asked to specify their gender and age during data collection procedure. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.0. Percentage and frequency analyses, independent samples t-test, Kruskal Wallis H test, Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were employed in data analysis phase. The results of the study showed that gender affects EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation while age has no effect on attitudes and motivation; also it was found that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between mini-AMTB and WTL scores of the participants. According to the findings of the current study the predictive power of mini-AMTB of WTL has been found statistically meaningful. The findings have revealed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between mini-AMTB and WTL scores of the participants. Gender affects EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation as female participants’ mini-AMTB scores were found higher than those of male participants. Also a meaningful relationship between mini-AMTB and WTL has been found according to regression analysis. The paper concludes with implications for further research to investigate the WTL in various contexts with other personal variables.

scholarly journals The relationship between the physical activity efficacy and physical activity of the middle school students

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
U. Alpkaya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Older Children ◽  
School Students ◽  
Physical Activity Environments ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the physical activity efficacy and physical activity of the middle school students, according to gender and to analyze the relationship between them. Material: The study group consisted of a total of 701 students from three public secondary schools, 343 of whom were female and 358 were male students. In order to determine the physical activity efficacy of the students, the Physical Activity Efficacy Scale was used, while the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children was used for establishing the level of physical activity. In evaluating the data, descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation tests were used as statistical methods. Results: According to the data obtained by the study, the students’ physical activity efficacy was found to be good, with no difference between the females and the males (p>0.05). The students’ physical activity level was average, while the males were found to be physically more active than the females (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the physical activity efficacy and the physical activity of the students (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, physical activities should be increased during the time of the middle school, which is a part of the period of adolescence. Besides, in order to enhance their physical activity efficacy, the adolescents should be provided with physical activity environments.

scholarly journals The Effects of University Students’ School Climate on Their Motivation Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Okan BİLGİN
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
University Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dimensions Of Learning ◽  
Adult Motivation ◽  
Climate Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between university students' school climate and their motivation levels. In this study, whether the school climate and motivation levels differ according to gender and year of study also been examined. The "School Climate Scale for University Students" and "Adult Motivation Scale" were applied to 322 participants aged between 18 and 40. Correlational survey model was used in this study. Pearson correlation coefficient was examined to investigate the relationship between school climate and motivation. The effects of university students' school climate on motivation were analyzed using the regression analysis technique. T-test and one-way analysis of variance technique were used to investigate whether the school climate and motivation differed according to gender and year of study. The findings showed that there was no significant difference between university students' school climate and motivation levels and gender. According to the other variable, the year of study, a significant difference was found in the dimensions of learning environment and communication, which were sub-dimensions of school climate. When the relationship between school climate and motivation levels of university students was examined, the findings showed that there was a positive significant relationship between school climate and its sub-dimensions and motivation and sub-dimensions.

scholarly journals Physical activity values in two-to-seven-year-old children measured by accelerometer over five consecutives 24-hour days

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gutiérrez-Hervás ◽  
Ernesto Cortés-Castell ◽  
Mercedes Juste-Ruíz ◽  
Antonio Palazón-Bru ◽  
Vicente Gil-Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction.  Interpretation of accelerometer-derived physical activity in preschool children is confounded by differences in cut-off points.Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze physical activity in 2-to-7-year-old children to establish reference values for daily activity.   Methods.  Observational study in children aged 2-7 years, without chronic diseases and whose parents provided informed consent. The main variable was physical activity, measured continuously over 120 hours (three workdays and two weekend days) by accelerometer. Secondary variables were weight status (BMI Z-score) and gender. The relationship between the main variable and secondary variables was determined through the t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson correlation coefficient.  A multivariate model was used to obtain the standard deviation of all possible combinations of values, constructing percentiles of normality(x±s and x±2·s).Results. 136 children (35% of municipality children), 54.4% girls. Their weight status distribution was: 25 underweight(18.4%), 35 normal weight(25.7%), 40 overweight(29.4%) and 36 obese(26.5%). The median age was 5.7 years and the mean physical activity was 591.9 counts/minute. The boys undertook more physical activity(p=0.031) and the underweight and normal-weight children undertook more physical activity than the overweight and obese children(p=0.032). There were no significant differences according to age.  The multivariate analysis showed significant differences(p<0.001) according to gender and weight status. In boys, physical activity decreased as weight status increased. In contrast, the girls in the extreme BMI groups obtained higher levels of physical activity.Conclusion.  The reference values obtained, categorized by gender and weight status, provide clinicians with standardized daily physical activity levels of preschool-age children.

scholarly journals Faktor luaran dan hubungannya terhadap pencapaian ujian pengesanan dan jantina pelajar dalam kemahiran menulis Bahasa Arab di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rofian Ismail ◽  
Ahmad Redzaudin Ghazali ◽  
Khairatul Akmar Abdul Latif ◽  
Fahed Maromar ◽  
Saupi Man
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Assessment Tests ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
University College ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
The Relationship

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between external factors on the achievement of assessment tests and gender of students in Arabic writing skills in Malaysian Institutions of Higher Learning. A total of 140 respondents from four Malaysian higher learning institutions (MHLI) were selected, namely Sultan Zainal Abidin University (90 respondents), International Islamic University College of Selangor (25 respondents), Sultan Ahmad Shah Islamic University College, Pahang (9 respondents), and Sultan Ismail Petra International Islamic College (16 respondents) as the study sample. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 22.0 software. Inferential analysis method, namely Pearson correlation was used to find the relationship between two different study variables, namely dependent variables and independent variables. The findings showed that there was no significant relationship between external factors on Arabic writing skills based on assessment tests. However, this relationship was found to be significant based on gender of students. This was because the correlation between external factors with student achievement test scores was (r = - 0.062, n = 140, p = 0.463), while the correlation between external factors on gender of students was (r = 0.181, n = 140, p = 0.032). This finding indicates that the relationship between external factors with the assessment test was irrelevant in affecting Arabic writing skills, and was not significant. However, the researchers found that external factors can significantly affect the Arabic writing skills among MHLI students based on gender through the analysis of the study obtained.

Behavior Ratings of Psychopathology and Vocational Adjustment Among School-Aged Students with Mild Mental Retardation and Borderline Intelligence

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Paul D. Etu ◽  
H. Thompson Prout ◽  
Douglas C. Strohmer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Behavior Ratings ◽  
Global Ratings ◽  
Borderline Intelligence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship of behavior ratings of psychopathology and vocational adjustment among mildly mentally retarded and borderline intelligence adolescents in vocational training programs. Significant correlations between an array of psychopathology variables and global ratings of vocational adjustment were found. Implication of these findings are discussed.

Perceived Physical Competence and Actual Motor Skill Competence of African American Preschool Children

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline D. Goodway ◽  
Mary E. Rudisill
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Motor Skill Competence ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between perceived physical competence and actual motor skill competence in African American preschool children at risk of school failure and/or developmental delay (N = 59). A secondary purpose was to determine gender differences and the accuracy of self-perceptions. All children completed a perceived physical competence subscale (Harter & Pike, 1984). Actual motor skill competence was measured by Ulrich’s (1985) Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), resulting in three scores (locomotor, object-control, and TGMD-Total). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that locomotor competence (p = .99) and gender (p = .81) did not predict perceived physical competence, but object-control competence (p = .01) did significantly predict perceived physical competence. Adding gender to this regression model did not significantly predict perceived physical competence (p = .69). These findings showed that these children are not accurate at perceiving their physical competence.

scholarly journals The Association of Fasting C-peptide with Corneal Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anju Zuo ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Jingru Qu ◽  
Juan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Corneal Nerve ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. Damage to corneal nerve fibers has been demonstrated in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that further progresses with increasing severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, the role of C-peptide in corneal nerve damage has not been reported in T2DM. The present study investigated the relationship of fasting C-peptide levels with corneal neuropathy evaluated by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in patients with T2DM. Methods. 160 T2DM patients (72 females) aged 34-78 with duration ranging from 0 to 40 years underwent CCM to measure corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD). Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the association of fasting C-peptide levels with corneal nerve parameters. Partial correlation analysis (adjusted for age and gender) was also conducted to analyze the correlation of metabolic indexes with these three corneal nerve parameters. The relationship between fasting C-peptide levels and duration of diabetes was also explored by Pearson correlation analysis. Results. With an increase in fasting C-peptide levels, the values of CNFL, CNFD, and CNBD also showed a corresponding trend for an increase. Partial correlation analysis revealed that fasting C-peptide levels were positively associated with CNFL ( r = 0.245 , P = 0.002 ), CNFD ( r = 0.180 , P = 0.024 ), and CNBD ( r = 0.214 , P = 0.008 ) after adjusting for age and gender. Using multiple linear regression analysis, fasting C-peptide levels were also closely associated with CNFL ( P = 0.047 ) and CNBD ( P = 0.038 ) after multiple adjustments. However, this association disappeared after further adjusting for duration of diabetes. Further analysis indicated that fasting C-peptide levels declined with duration of diabetes ( r = − 0.267 , P = 0.001 ). Conclusions. C-peptide was closely associated with corneal neuropathy and disease duration in T2DM. C-peptide levels might be both an indicator of beta-cell function and a marker of disease severity (such as diabetic corneal neuropathy) and duration.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF SUBCARINAL ANGLE USING MINIMUM INTENSITY PROJECTION IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Salome Francia Fernandes ◽  
Abhimanyu Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Minimum Intensity Projection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

 Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine the normal subcarinal angle (SCA) in an adult patient, to compare the relationship of SCA with patient gender and age, and to correlate the SCA with body mass index (BMI).Methods: A total of 193 subjects (109 males and 85 females) in the age group of 20–60 years scheduled for computed tomography thorax at the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, were included in the study. Plain images were reconstructed into 1.4 mm reformatted image and processed into minimum intensity projection, and measurement was taken using angle tool. Mean and standard deviation was used to determine normal SCA, and independent t-test was used to compare the relationship of SCA with patient’s age and gender. “Pearson correlation” was used to correlate SCA with BMI.Results- The mean SCA of the adult patient was 69.75±3.38°. The mean SCA in female was 69.90±4.07° and in male was 69.63±2.75°. In the age group of 20–40 years, the mean SCA was 70.38±3.85°, and in the age group of 41–60 years, it was 69.25±2.88°.Conclusion: There was no relationship between SCA and patient’s gender; however, the mean SCA of the age group 20–40 was found greater than that of 41–60 which was statistically significant. BMI has no significant correlation with SCA.

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