Sources of Information Underlying Personal Ability Judgments in High School Athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma S. Horn ◽  
Susan D. Glenn ◽  
Amy B. Wentzell
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Evaluative Feedback ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Sport Competence ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
And Gender

This study was conducted to test whether there are age and gender differences in the criteria that high school athletes use to evaluate their ability in sport contexts. To test this issue, 435 high school athletes from a variety of sports were administered the Sport Competence information Questionnaire which provides a measure of preference for 10 competence information sources. A 2 × 2 (Gender × Age Level) MANOVA revealed that older adolescents were more apt to use self-comparison/internal information, goal achievement, and sport attraction/enjoyment to judge their sport ability while younger athletes were more dependent on the evaluation of peers. In addition, females scored higher than males on the use of self-comparison/internal information and on evaluative feedback from significant others. In contrast, males scored higher on the use of competitive outcomes and speed/ease of learning to evaluate personal sport competence. The results indicate that high school athletes do vary in the sources of information they use to judge their sport competence, and that gender and age can account for a significant amount of that variation.

Baseline Ability Makes a Larger Contribution to Race Performance in High-School Sprinters Than Race Experience or Training Exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine E. Lynch ◽  
Alun Thomas ◽  
Bryan Gibson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
And Training ◽  
Dominant Influence

Purpose:There has long been a debate regarding the importance of talent versus training in athletic performance. In this study we sought to quantify their relative contributions to the race performance of high-school sprinters.Methods:Using race results from the athletic.net website, we identified high-school athletes who participated in at least one race in both 9th and 12th grade in the 100 m, 200 m or 400 m. Athletes with a record of racing before high school were excluded from the analyses. Using separate linear regression models for each event and gender, we analyzed the effect of baseline ability, race experience and training exposure on race time in the 12th grade.Results:35,909 athletes, running a total of 1,627,652 races, contributed to the final analyses. The proportion of variance (R2) in 12th grade race times accounted for by baseline ability ranged from 40% to 51% depending on the event, and was consistently higher for females than males. Race experience explained 3.6–4.4% of the variance and training exposure explained 0.8–1.7%.Conclusion:Although race experience and training exposure impact high-school sprinters’ performance, baseline ability is the dominant influence.

scholarly journals Age and gender differences in the influence of childhood stressful events on the psychological personality traits in patients with borderline psychiatric disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Gersamiya ◽  
A.A. Menshikova ◽  
A.A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
And Gender

This paper presents results of our analysis on gender and age differences in the effect of childhood stressful events on severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, coping behaviors and inherent personality traits in patients with affective disorders. The study included 440 patients hospitalized in our neuropsychiatric clinic. The results showed that in women childhood stressful events are associated with severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as with some coping strategies and inherent personality traits, with some variability in different age groups. In men, a significant association with childhood stressful events was observed only with severity of depression and with scores for neuroticism. The associations in men also varied between different age groups.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in the Pattern of Antiplatelet Agents Prescribing

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Antiplatelet Drugs ◽  
Antiplatelet Drug ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

Aim: There is a scarcity of data regarding gender and age related aspects of antiplatelet drugs utilization in the outpatient setting. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the age-and gender-related differences in the outpatient use of antiplatelet drugs in Alkharj. Methodology: This is a retrospective study that include the assessment of electronic prescriptions in the outpatient setting that include an antiplatelet drug in 2018. Results: Ticagrelor was prescribed mainly for patients more than 60 years old (84.62%). Clopidogrel was prescribed mainly for patients more than 50 years old (79.76%) and aspirin also was prescribed mainly for patients more than 50 years old (71.67%). Generally, most of the patients who received antiplatelet agents were male (52.76%). Conclusion: The present study showed that there were differences in prescribing antiplatelet agents between different gender and different ages. So it is important to know the prescribing trends and to give the appropriate drugs based on several factors such as gender and age. It is expected that in the future, antiplatelet therapy may be based on age and on endogenous sex hormone level or genetic female/male differences.

The Influence of Reflected Appraisals on Middle School and High School Athletes’ Self-Perceptions of Sport Competence

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Amorose
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Reflected Appraisals ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Sport Competence ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Reflected Appraisal

This study examined the reflected appraisal process in female middle school (n = 66; M age = 12.39 – .87 years) and high school athletes (n = 88; M age = 14.70 – 1.08 years). Questionnaires assessed the athletes’ self-perceptions of sport competence and how they perceived their mothers, fathers, coaches, and teammates evaluated their ability in sport. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the various reflected appraisals predicted self-perceptions of competence (p < .01, R2 = .65). Mothers (β = .19), coaches (β = .24), and teammates (β = .47) were each significant predictors, while the reflected appraisal of fathers (β = .08) was non-significant. Squared semi-partial correlations indicated that teammates accounted the greatest amount of unique (sr2 = .25), followed by coaches (sr2 = .08), mothers (sr2 = .05), and fathers (sr2 = .01). Structural equation modeling indicated that the pattern of relationships was the same for middle school and high school athletes.

Developmental Differences in Burnout Among High School Athletes in the United States: A Gendered Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu ◽  
Bailey Sommerfeld ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Athlete Burnout ◽  
And Gender

Building on recent research examining athlete burnout trajectories, this study implemented the developmental model of sport participation to compare emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation between age groups (specializing [aged 13–15 years] vs. investment [aged 16–18 years]) and gender (boys vs. girls) among U.S. high school athletes. Participants were 367 high school athletes (M = 15.53; 212 males; 186 specializing) across various individual and team sports who completed a survey assessing their demographic information, sport backgrounds, and burnout perceptions. A 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for training hours, showed greater emotional and physical exhaustion and sport devaluation in the investment than the specializing group, but no developmental differences in reduced sense of accomplishment. Contrary to our hypothesis, no gender or interaction effects were found. Findings inform interventions and future research that address the role of developmental stages and gender in athlete burnout.

scholarly journals Exploiting Molecular Basis of Age and Gender Differences in Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infections.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mercatelli ◽  
Elisabetta Pedace ◽  
Federico Manuel Giorgi ◽  
Pietro Hiram Guzzi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Public Datasets

Motivation: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (coronavirus disease, 2019; COVID-19) is associated with adverse outcomes in patients. It has been observed that lethality seems to be related to the age of patients. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that ageing causes some modifications at a molecular level. Objective: The study aims to shed out light on a possible link between the increased COVID-19 lethality and the molecular changes that occur in elderly people. Methods: We considered public datasets on ageing-related genes and their expression at tissue level. We selected interactors that are known to be related to ageing process. Then, we performed a networkbased analysis to identify interactors significantly related to both SARS-CoV-2 and ageing. Finally, we investigated changes on the expression level of coding genes at tissue, gender and age level. Results We observed a significant intersection between some SARS-CoV-2 interactors and ageing-related genes suggesting that those genes are particularly affected by COVID-19 infection. Our analysis evidenced that virus infection particularly affects ageing molecular mechanisms centred around proteins EEF2, NPM1, HMGA1, HMGA2, APEX1, CHEK1, PRKDC, and GPX4. We found that HMGA1, and NPM1 have a different expression in lung of males, while HMGA1, APEX1, CHEK1, EEF2, and NPM1 present changes in expression in males due to aging effects. Conclusion Our study generated a mechanistic framework to explaining the correlation between COVID-19 incidence in elderly patients and molecular mechanisms of ageing. This will provide testable hypotheses for future investigation and pharmacological solutions tailored on specific age ranges.

scholarly journals OVERCOMING SOCIAL ISOLATION WITH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AMONG AGEING POPULATIONS DURING COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Ieva Reine ◽  
Andrejs Ivanovs ◽  
Inta Mieriņa ◽  
Ilona Gehtmane-Hofmane ◽  
Ilze Koroļeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ageing Populations

During Covid-19 social isolation has become more common worldwide, however, some groups, especially elderly people, might have experienced dramatically limited communication due to the lack of skills and access to digital technologies. In this paper, we examined if education was associated with the use of digital technologies to maintain contacts with a family, friends, other social networks and services. The survey was conducted in June-August 2020 by doing 1089 computer-assisted telephone interviews. The questions examined how people aged 50 years and older coped with socioeconomic and health-related impact of COVID-19.We used logistic regression analysis to study the association between the use of digital technologies and the level of education by gender and age. The higher the education was, the more it strongly associated with the use of digital technologies (OR 5.85; 95% CI 3.78-9.03). As expected, age was a strong explanatory factor, however, we did not find consistent age and gender differences. Among those who used digital technologies, analyses showed that overcoming social isolation was related to the education level. The conclusion of the study is that education has inevitable impact on the use of digital technologies and social contacts, however high education level is not crucial for the acquisition of information. It seems that digital technologies are important tools to prevent social isolation and are related to education that includes digital access and competencies. 

Beliefs and Information Sources of High School Athletes Regarding Muscle Development

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Leonard Marquart ◽  
Jeffery Sobal
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Rural County

This study examined the beliefs and sources of information regarding muscle development among 742 high school athletes in one rural county. About 40% of the athletes stated that muscle development was very important and 50% said it was somewhat important. Most of them recognized the dangers of steroids but still thought these were important in muscle development. A majority also thought nutritional and genetic factors were important. Physicians were seen as providing the most accurate information about muscle development, followed by coaches and trainers. Understanding the athletes’ beliefs and information sources about muscle development may be useful in dispelling misconceptions and providing education on the topic.

Differences in Adolescent Relationship Abuse Perpetration and Gender-Inequitable Attitudes by Sport Among Male High School Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. McCauley ◽  
Maria Catrina D. Jaime ◽  
Daniel J. Tancredi ◽  
Jay G. Silverman ◽  
Michele R. Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Relationship Abuse ◽  
Male High School ◽  
Adolescent Relationship Abuse ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adolescent Relationship
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