Baseline Ability Makes a Larger Contribution to Race Performance in High-School Sprinters Than Race Experience or Training Exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine E. Lynch ◽  
Alun Thomas ◽  
Bryan Gibson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
And Training ◽  
Dominant Influence

Purpose:There has long been a debate regarding the importance of talent versus training in athletic performance. In this study we sought to quantify their relative contributions to the race performance of high-school sprinters.Methods:Using race results from the athletic.net website, we identified high-school athletes who participated in at least one race in both 9th and 12th grade in the 100 m, 200 m or 400 m. Athletes with a record of racing before high school were excluded from the analyses. Using separate linear regression models for each event and gender, we analyzed the effect of baseline ability, race experience and training exposure on race time in the 12th grade.Results:35,909 athletes, running a total of 1,627,652 races, contributed to the final analyses. The proportion of variance (R2) in 12th grade race times accounted for by baseline ability ranged from 40% to 51% depending on the event, and was consistently higher for females than males. Race experience explained 3.6–4.4% of the variance and training exposure explained 0.8–1.7%.Conclusion:Although race experience and training exposure impact high-school sprinters’ performance, baseline ability is the dominant influence.

scholarly journals Association between Anxiety, Quality of Life and Academic Performance of the Final-Year-Students in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5784
Author(s):  
Inta Zile ◽  
Ieva Bite ◽  
Indra Krumina ◽  
Valdis Folkmanis ◽  
Lilian Tzivian
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
School Year ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Type Of School ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models

The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between final-year students’ anxiety level and quality of life (QOL) with their academic achievements. A longitudinal study was performed in regular schools and in high-rated gymnasiums at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Multiple linear regression models were built for the association between level of anxiety/QOL with academic achievements. Type of school and gender—but not the level of anxiety—were the main predictors of academic achievements of 287 adolescents (e.g., for mathematics, the effect estimates were: β = −1.71 [95% confidence interval −2.21; −1.21]; β = −0.50 [−0.95; −0.06], β = 0.09 [−0.02; 0.20] for the type of school, gender, and changes in level of anxiety, respectively). To conclude, particular efforts should be made to reduce the level of anxiety in girls, especially those that study in high-rated schools.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Community Built Environment on the Walking Times of Residents in a Community in the Downtown Area of Fuzhou

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Lizhen Zhao ◽  
Zhenjiang Shen ◽  
Yanji Zhang ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Walking Time

By means of on-site and network investigation, we collected data relevant to residents of communities, point of interest (POI) data, and land-use data of Fuzhou. We set traffic walking time and leisure walking time as an independent variable, built environment as dependent variable, and gender, age, education level and income level as control variables. Six linear regression models were established using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The results showed that in the 5D (i.e., Density, Diversity, Design, Destination and Distance) elements of the built environment, the density was negatively correlated with the traffic walking time, whereas other elements were positively correlated with the walking time, but the degree of influence was different.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Factors and Depressive Symptoms Among Cardiac Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Larysz ◽  
Izabella Uchmanowicz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Occupational Education ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The nursing profession is predisposed toward depressed mood and depressive symptoms. The multidirectionality and intensity of stressors in the nurses' occupational environment are of great significance in this respect. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected sociodemographic factors on depressive symptoms among cardiac nurses.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 336 cardiac nurses (302 women and 34 men) and was conducted between December 2019 and September 2020 in four hospital cardiac units in Wroclaw, Poland. Sociodemographic data were collected using a self-developed survey. The following standardized instruments were used for the study outcomes: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).Results: The study among cardiac nurses showed mild depression in 11.61%, moderate depression in 5.06%, and severe depression in 2.68%. Linear regression models showed that significant (p < 0.05) predictors of the PHQ-9 score included (1) higher occupational education (bachelor's degree), graduation “only” from medical high school or “other” education; (2) work experience of 16–20 years; (3) living in a relationship; (4) living in a rural area. Linear regression models showed that significant (p < 0.05) predictors of the BDI score included (1) higher occupational education (bachelor's degree); (2) graduation “only” from medical high school or “other” education; (3) living in a relationship.Conclusions: Depressive symptoms are a significant problem among Polish cardiac nurses. The prevalence of depressive symptoms is affected by the education level, employment form, marital status, and place of residence.

Developmental Differences in Burnout Among High School Athletes in the United States: A Gendered Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu ◽  
Bailey Sommerfeld ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Athlete Burnout ◽  
And Gender

Building on recent research examining athlete burnout trajectories, this study implemented the developmental model of sport participation to compare emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation between age groups (specializing [aged 13–15 years] vs. investment [aged 16–18 years]) and gender (boys vs. girls) among U.S. high school athletes. Participants were 367 high school athletes (M = 15.53; 212 males; 186 specializing) across various individual and team sports who completed a survey assessing their demographic information, sport backgrounds, and burnout perceptions. A 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for training hours, showed greater emotional and physical exhaustion and sport devaluation in the investment than the specializing group, but no developmental differences in reduced sense of accomplishment. Contrary to our hypothesis, no gender or interaction effects were found. Findings inform interventions and future research that address the role of developmental stages and gender in athlete burnout.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU, BUDAYA, DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DESA DI KECAMATAN BATULICIN KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU

KINDAI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Admin_ojs Admin_ojs
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Village ◽  
Dominant Influence ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models ◽  
Culture And Communication

This research aims to; (1) knowing and analyzing the influence of individual characteristics, culture, and communication simultaneously on community participation in village development in Batulicin Subdistrict, Tanah Bumbu District, (2) knowing and analyzing the influence of individual characteristics, culture, and communication partially on community participation in development Villages in Batulicin Subdistrict, Tanah Bumbu Regency, and (3) find out and analyze the dominant influence of individual, cultural, and communication characteristics variables on community participation in village development in Batulicin Subdistrict, Tanah Bumbu District. This research is an explanatory research with this type of research is causal associative. The population in this study is the Village apparatus in Batulicin District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. The number of samples in this study were 100 respondents. The technique of determining the sample using proportional random sampling. The type of research data used is quantitative and qualitative, while the data sources used are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression models. Based on the results of the analysis show that individual characteristics, culture and communication simultaneously affect community participation in the development of the Village in Batulicin District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. Partially, individual characteristics, culture and communication influence community participation in village development in Batulicin District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. Individual characteristics are the dominant variables that affect individual characteristics, culture and communication affect community participation in village development in Batulicin District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. Keywords:  Individual Characteristics, Culture, Communication, community Participation in Village Development

Missed Opportunities in the Preparticipation Physical Examination for High School Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-554
Author(s):  
Meryl Perlman ◽  
Wadsworth A. Williams ◽  
Lainie Friedman Ross
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Full Contact ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
And Training ◽  
Do So

The preparticipation sports examination (PPE) is required for US high school athletes. We queried members of the Illinois Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics (ICAAP) about what they actually include in a PPE, allotted PPE time, and counseling about full contact sports participation. Of 2300 ICAAP members contacted electronically, 228 (10%) responded, yielding 205 usable surveys. When performing a PPE, 34 (25%) always complete all of 6 selected AAP-recommended PPE components and 102 (74%) always get a concussion history. In contrast, 29 (21%) always complete all of the 6 selected AAP PPE components and 70 (49%) always get a concussion history as part of well-child checkup. Main interferences with clinician proficiency are lack of time and training cited by 49% and 37%, respectively. Pediatricians were evenly divided about whether or not to counsel against full contact sports, but were more likely to do so after the athlete sustained a first concussion.

Sources of Information Underlying Personal Ability Judgments in High School Athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma S. Horn ◽  
Susan D. Glenn ◽  
Amy B. Wentzell
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Evaluative Feedback ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Sport Competence ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
And Gender

This study was conducted to test whether there are age and gender differences in the criteria that high school athletes use to evaluate their ability in sport contexts. To test this issue, 435 high school athletes from a variety of sports were administered the Sport Competence information Questionnaire which provides a measure of preference for 10 competence information sources. A 2 × 2 (Gender × Age Level) MANOVA revealed that older adolescents were more apt to use self-comparison/internal information, goal achievement, and sport attraction/enjoyment to judge their sport ability while younger athletes were more dependent on the evaluation of peers. In addition, females scored higher than males on the use of self-comparison/internal information and on evaluative feedback from significant others. In contrast, males scored higher on the use of competitive outcomes and speed/ease of learning to evaluate personal sport competence. The results indicate that high school athletes do vary in the sources of information they use to judge their sport competence, and that gender and age can account for a significant amount of that variation.

scholarly journals Concussion-reporting behaviors among high school athletes in Ireland: Applying the theory of planned behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205970022199295
Author(s):  
Lindsay Sullivan ◽  
Lisa Pursell ◽  
Michal Molcho
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Reporting Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reporting Intentions

Background Sport-related concussion is a significant public health issue, especially among children and adolescents. A growing body of evidence suggests that athletes who do not immediately report concussion and continue to play while concussed take longer to recover than their counterparts. Yet, many child and adolescent athletes do not immediately report concussion symptoms to a responsible adult. Aim This study examined the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting concussion reporting intentions and in-season reporting behaviors among high school, Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) athletes in the Republic of Ireland. Methods High school GAA athletes aged 12-18 years completed surveys at baseline and at three-month follow-up. Concussion-related perceived behavioral control (PBC), attitudes, subjective norms, and reporting intentions were assessed at baseline. In-season concussion reporting behaviors were assessed at three-month follow-up. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the constructs of the TPB and baseline reporting intentions. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between the constructs of the TPB and in-season reporting behaviors. All data were collected during the 2016–2017 academic year. Results A total of 153 adolescent athletes were included (n = 102 [66.7%] females; Mage = 14.4 years, [SD = 1.6]). Consistent with the TPB, results revealed that PBC and reporting intentions contributed to the prediction of in-season reporting behaviors. Reporting intentions, in turn, were strongly influenced by PBC, attitudes, and subjective norms. PBC was the strongest predictor of concussion reporting intentions and in-season reporting behaviors; the stronger the athletes’ PBC, the stronger their reporting intentions and the more likely they were to have reported concussion symptoms during the current season. Conclusion Although the findings from the current study must be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size, the findings suggest that the TPB has some utility in the prediction of concussion reporting intentions and reporting behaviors. However, our findings suggest that the TPB should not be used in isolation; other models that incorporate personal factors and environmental constraints may be needed to better our understanding of concussion reporting intentions and behaviors among high school athletes. Concussion education programs that include strategies to enhance PBC over concussion reporting may help improve concussion reporting behaviors among high school athletes.

415 Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A164-A165
Author(s):  
Ronald Gavidia ◽  
Galit Levi Dunietz ◽  
Louise O’Brien ◽  
Sonja Schütz ◽  
Matthew Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Introduction Head and neck cancers (HNC) or their treatment may be associated with an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Small studies that examined OSA risk factors in adults with HNC reported conflicting results. This study examined associations between tumor characteristics and risk of OSA among patients at least one year free of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods For this cross-sectional study of HNSCC patients at a large academic medical center, inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, with absence of tracheostomy or mental impairment. The STOP-BANG questionnaire, with a threshold ≥3, was used to identify high risk for OSA. Descriptive statistics were used to compare demographic and health characteristics between OSA risk groups. Logistic and linear regression models adjusted for age and gender were used to examine associations between demographics, anthropometric measures, and OSA risk. Results Among 67 participants, 57 (85%) were male, mean age was 62.0±8.0 (s.d.) years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.7±4.6 Kg/m2, and mean neck circumference (NC) was 16.3±1.2 inches. A total of 50 (75%) participants received chemoradiation only. High OSA risk was observed in 40 (60%) of the participants. Tumor location, tumor stage, and type of cancer treatment were not different between OSA risk groups. Body mass index and NC were greater in the high OSA risk group (BMI 29.6±4.5 Kg/m2 vs. 27.3±4.1 Kg/m2, p=0.03; NC 16.5±1.3 inches vs. 15.8±0.5 inches, p=0.01). In age and gender-adjusted logistic regression models, BMI (OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4) and NC (OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.1, 7.3) were associated with high OSA risk. Adjusted linear regression models showed that BMI (β=0.10, 95%CI 0.04, 0.17) and NC (β=0.64, 95%CI 0.32, 0.96) were associated with STOP-BANG scores. Conclusion High OSA risk was quite common after HNSCC treatment. However, measured HNSCC characteristics were not different between high and low OSA risk groups. Instead, OSA risk factors included BMI and NC, as often reported in non-HNSCC patients as well. Prospective studies before and after cancer treatment will be needed to further elucidate potential roles of HNSCC and its treatment in subsequent OSA incidence. Support (if any) Dr. Gavidia’s work was supported by an NIH/NINDS T32-NS007222 grant.

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