When a robot teaches humans: Automated feedback selection accelerates motor learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (27) ◽  
pp. eaav1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Rauter ◽  
Nicolas Gerig ◽  
Roland Sigrist ◽  
Robert Riener ◽  
Peter Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Sequences ◽  
Automated Feedback ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
And Training ◽  
Main Shortcoming ◽  
Selection Of

A multitude of robotic systems have been developed to foster motor learning. Some of these robotic systems featured augmented visual or haptic feedback, which was automatically adjusted to the trainee’s performance. However, selecting the type of feedback to achieve the training goal usually remained up to a human trainer. We automated this feedback selection within a robotic rowing simulator: Four spatial errors and one velocity error were considered, all related to trunk-arm sweep rowing set as the training goal to be learned. In an alternating sequence of assessments without augmented feedback and training sessions with augmented, concurrent feedback, the experimental group received feedback, thus addressing the main shortcoming of the previous assessment. With this approach, each participant of the experimental group received an individual sequence of 10 training sessions with feedback. The training sequences from participants in the experimental group were consecutively applied for participants in the control group. Both groups were able to reduce spatial and velocity errors due to training. The learning rate of the requested velocity profile was significantly higher for the experimental group compared with the control group. Thus, our robotic rowing simulator accelerated motor learning by automated feedback selection. This demonstration of a working, closed-loop selection of types of feedback, i.e., training conditions, could serve as the basis for other robotic trainers incorporating further human expertise and artificial intelligence.

The use of premix in feeding of young pigs on fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A. S. Ivanova ◽  
N. V. Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing the production of pork meat requires careful work not only in terms of breeding, but also in the organization of complete feeding of animals, the correct selection of feed and feed additives containing the necessary nutrients. The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of premix in feeding young pigs on fattening. Two groups of fattening young pigs (Large White×Landrace) have been selected for the researches using the method of analogous groups, taking into account the breed, age, and live weight per 20 heads in each group with a live weight of 35 kg. Pigs of the control group have received the main economic diet, and animals of the experimental group have received an additional premix Khutorok at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The results have shown that the best age to reach 100 kg was in the experimental group of pigs – 215,8 days, which received premix with feed that characterizes their higher precocity by 36,3 days (P < 0,001) than in the control group of animals. The use of this premix had a positive impact on the livability of young animals, in the experimental group it was by 9,3 abs.% more than in the control group of animals. Thus, the best fattening traits have been possessed by young pigl of the experimental group have been received the premix Khutorok in their diet at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of using the premix Khutorok in the feeding pigs for fattening.

scholarly journals Bevacizumab in neoadjuvant treatment of patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Ivan Nikolic ◽  
Svetlana Pavin ◽  
Biljana Kukic ◽  
Bogdan Bogdanovic ◽  
Miroslav Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Liver metastases are the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer. Despite advances in chemotherapy, surgical resection of hepatic metastases is still considered the only curative options. However, the majority of patients have inoperable disease at presentation. Perioperative chemotherapy is the most successful way for improved selection of patients for resection. The aim of the study was to demonstrate if and to what extent does bevacizumab, introduced in chemotherapy, increase response rates, and development of liver metastases. Methods: Our study included 50 patients who were divided in two groups. The experimental group included patients who were treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy, and the control group included patients who were treated with chemotherapy only. Results: The comparison showed that the patients who were treated with bevacizumab became candidates for resection of liver metastases in higher percentage (85%:52%). In addition, distribution of patients regarding the development of metastases resulted in statistically significant difference. Ratio between the patients with good response from the experimental and the control group was 67%:39%. Ratio of patients with stable disease was 26%:48%, and of patients with progressive disease, it was 7%:3%. The estimate of margin after resection was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in therapy of liver metastases from primary colorectal cancer improves and increases response rates and development of liver metastases.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF CORRECTING THE FIGURE AMONG WOMEN OF THE FIRST MATURE AGE PERIOD BY MEANS OF SHAPING TECHNIQUES IN ACCORDANCE WITH BODY TYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Olga Kozhanova ◽  
Sergii Pitenko ◽  
Natalia Gavrilova ◽  
Evgeniya Tsуkozа ◽  
Hanna Hudym ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Currently, due to environmental and social problems, nervous strain, muscle inactivity, more and more people are starting to engage in health fitness in the hope of improving health, improving physical condition, learning how to deal with stress and lose weight. Nowadays, compared to other types of fitness, shaping classes have become more and more popular as an effective way to lose weight and body shape. Although shaping was originally developed as a system of individual classes, the current practice of group classes requires the search for new approaches in planning shaping programs: there is no research on the selection of exercises, volume and intensity of classes based on individual physiques of those involved. Aim: to increase the effectiveness of classes in order to correct the figure of women 21-35 years old through the use of shaping programs, taking into account their body types. Material and methods. The study involved 30 women aged 21 - 35 years, divided into control and experimental groups, in which 15 people each were divided by somatotype. The pedagogical experiment was conducted on the basis of the sports club "Fitness Box" in Kyiv. Results. It was found that as a result of the application of the developed shaping program in the women of the experimental group there was a decrease in the fat layer in endomorphs by 13.2%, and in the control group of endomorphs by 7.2% (p < 0,05). Changes in the fat layer in the control and experimental groups are supplemented by changes in girth: chest, shoulder, abdomen, thighs, buttocks, the dynamics of which proves the effectiveness of our program compared to traditional. Conclusions. The application of the developed shaping program allows to solve the problem of improving the efficiency of shaping in order to correct the figure taking into account endomorphic body type of women first adult age.

The effects of teaching methods on English learning acts of non-English majors at National Economics University

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Trang Nguy Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basic English ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

The research has used empirical methods to evaluate the impact of English teaching methods on the learning behavior of non-language major students at National Economics University. The study experimented with the selection of two research groups: the experimental group and the control group, who learn the basic English module 1 by two different teaching methods. The research results show that the experimental group being taught by positive methods has more effective learning behaviors than the control group.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Power Dry-Land Training Programmes in Youth Swimmers

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Sadowski ◽  
Andrzej Mastalerz ◽  
Wilhelm Gromisz ◽  
Tomasz Niźnikowski
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
And Training

Effectiveness of the Power Dry-Land Training Programmes in Youth Swimmers The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the dry-land power training on swimming force, swimming performance and strength in youth swimmers. Twenty six male swimmers, free from injuries and training regularly at least 6 times a week, were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of two groups: experimental (n=14, mean age 14.0 ± 0.5 yrs, mean height 1.67±0.08 m and mean body mass 55.71 ±9.55 kg) and control (n=12, mean age 14.1 ± 0.5 yrs, mean height 1.61±0.11 m and mean body mass 49.07 ±8.25 kg). The experimental group took part in a combined swimming and dry-land power training. The control group took part in swimming training only. The training programmes in water included a dominant aerobic work in front crawl. In this research the experimental group tended to present slightly greater improvements in sprint performance. However, the stroke frequency insignificantly decreased (-4.30%, p>0.05) in the experimental group and increased (6.28%, p>0.05) in the control group. The distance per stroke insignificantly increased in the experimental group (5.98%, p>0.05) and insignificantly decreased in the control group (-5.36%, p>0.05). A significant improvement of tethered swimming force for the experimental group (9.64%, p<0.02) was found, whereas the increase was not statistically significant in the control group (2.86%, p>0.05). The main data cannot clearly state that power training allowed an enhancement in swimming performance, although a tendency to improve swimming performance in tethered swimming was noticed.

scholarly journals Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Self-Instruction untuk Meningkatkan Self-Regulation Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Setiawan ◽  
M. Solehuddin ◽  
Anne Hafina
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Instruction ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Group Guidance

Triggered by the importance of self-regulation, then this research was conducted in order to test the effectiveness of group guidance with self-instruction technique in order to enhance self-regulation of the students. Self-regulation is considered as the As card of human personality as it is assumed to be able to strenghten and increase the ability of a person to face the demand of live as well as act as a guide of behaviours of the person himself. In addition, lack of self-regulation will also cause wide range of problems specifically for the students as it may affect the academic achivement of the students themselves. Quantitative approach with quasy-experimental design was used in this research. Meanwhile, the research method used was Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The selection of the sample of the study was by using the purposive sampling technique, the total samples taken were 69 students, 39 students were placed in experimental group and other 30 students were in control group. The study found that in general the profile of the students’ self-regulation was on the moderate category, and empirically the group guidance with self-instruction technique was proven to be able to enhance students’ self-regulation.  

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS SPECIAL PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS OF ATHLETES AGE 15-16 YEARS IN PANCRATION DURING THE YEAR PREPARATION CYCLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Oleg Sogor ◽  
◽  
Marʺyan Pitin ◽  
Andriy Okopnyy ◽  
Volodymyr Levchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Traditional Programs ◽  
Fitness Indicators ◽  
And Training ◽  
Control Exercise ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. The main directions of development the theory and methods of management of educational and training process and competitive activity include the optimal selection of the educational and training content at different stages of long-term training. Purpose: to determine the dynamics of special physical fitness athletes aged 15-16 years in pankration at the stage of specialized basic training in the annual cycle under the influence of experimental and traditional programs. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, analysis of documentary materials, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. During November 2018 - October 2019, a formative pedagogical experiment was organized and conducted, involving control (21 athletes) and experimental (22 athletes) groups. Results. Most of the relative indicators ("climbing a rope 5 m without the help of legs", "Burpee test in 30 s", "squats with a disc from a barbell 20 kg in 1 min.", "rotation with a disc from a barbell 20 kg in 1 min."," pull of amortization rubber in 60 s") ranged from 12.05 to 18.35% improvement over the entire (annual period) of the pedagogical experiment implementation. According to one of the special physical fitness indicators (control exercise "simulation of passages in the legs with pulling a partner in 60 s (with amortization rubber)") the values of improvement were more significant and amounted 43.28%. In the control group, based on the results of the whole pedagogical experiment, there are significant increases in most indicators of special physical fitness. Significant (p≤0.01) increments of results are observed for most indicators. Relative indicators of improvement of results ("climbing on a rope of 5 m without the help of legs", "Burpy test in 30 s", " rotation with a disk from a barbell of 20 kg in 1 min.", " pull of amortization rubber in 60 s") ranged from 5.05–17.70% during the implementation of the pedagogical experiment. However, according to one of the special physical fitness indicators (control exercise "Squats with a disc from a barbell 20 kg in 1 min.") the values of improvement did not acquire significant values and amounted 5.07% (p = 0.07). Conclusions. According to the results of pedagogical experiment, we observe a significant improvement in most special physical fitness indicators, the situation is fairly uniform. Significant (p≤0.01) increases in the results of control exercises are observed for all indicators. Key words: preparedness, stage, indicators, results, mixed combat sports.

scholarly journals INDIRECT SELECTION OF FEMALE TROUT AS A SELECTION METHOD TO INCREASE THEIR PRODUCTIVITY AND RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
I.N. Agleev ◽  
◽  
А.V. Bushov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Absorption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

The scientific work considers the selection method of selection in a herd of producers of rainbow trout Kamloops, taking into account values of positive correlation of some morphometric characteristics and degree of development of their reproductive products, as well as the features of natural protective functions of their body at the age of three. It is established that the somatic structure and, development of postorbital region largely determine the functional features of trout, as well as their reproductive qualities. In the indirect selection of three-year-old breeders, taking into account morphometry and correlation, females with a size of postorbital head region greater than 55 mm exceeded by 29.2% the live weight and by 40.4% the weight of trout caviar with a length of this head region less than 55 mm. When comparing the resistance of two experimental groups of three-year-old breeder flock, certain differences in immune proteins and hemoglobin content in blood were revealed. Note that in the selected group of fish, a large degree of saturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin is observed, which indicates increased share of oxygen absorption by the body, as well as the intensity of redox processes of metabolism. Indicators of serum proteins of trout in experimental groups vary ambiguously. So in the experimental group, producers had an average total protein in blood of 63.26 g / l, which is significantly 17.5% more than in the blood of fish in the control group. This can be explained by the relationship of the globulins with the immune status of fish of experimental group and its resistance by raising the level of globulin fraction, a high amount of Ig M` protein (by 42.9%) in the blood of trout in the experimental group suggests more aggressive immune system in these fish to viral, invasive and other infections, indicating improved adaptability of selected herds.

Increasing wine sales through customised wine service training – a quasi-experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Arthur Donald Brain
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Personnel ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The selling of wines is usually performed by a sommelier in the context of an upmarket restaurant. However, many restaurants cannot afford to employ a sommelier and must rely on the food and beverage service personnel to assist customers with the selection of wine. The food and beverage service personnel are generally not qualified to do this. Restaurants usually do not provide training with regard to wine knowledge, wine service skills and wine selling skills. The purpose of this paper was to establish whether wine service training had an influence on the wine sales of a restaurant. Design/methodology/approach A quasi-experimental research design used two restaurants from the same franchise. One restaurant was the control group while the other was the experimental group. Wine sales were monitored and recorded for a period of three months, the second month being used for the training intervention of the experimental group. Findings Although the results were not statistically significant, the results indicated that wine service training increased the wine sales in the restaurant of the experimental group. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature in the South African hospitality sector and establishes that wine service training is a necessity for wine sales to explore further in the restaurant industry.

scholarly journals Prospective Clinical Study of Postoperative Individualized Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Based on mRNA Expression of the Molecular Markers RRM1, TUBB3, and ERCC1

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jingyao Li ◽  
Yang Qiu ◽  
Junxiu Yi ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Shixin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Chemotherapy Regimen ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

Objective. To investigate the clinical significance of the mRNA expression of RRM1, TUBB3, and ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues for the selection of adjuvant/postoperative chemotherapy regimens. Methods. Patients diagnosed with stage Ib-IIIa NSCLC were enrolled and randomly divided into a control group (undetected group) and an experimental group (detected group) after radical operation. The control group randomly received chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus cisplatin or paclitaxel plus cisplatin. The mRNA expression of RRM1, TUBB3, and ERCC1 was detected in the experimental group before chemotherapy, and based on the detected expression, the chemotherapy regimen of cisplatin plus gemcitabine or cisplatin plus paclitaxel was chosen. The disease-free survival (DFS) of the control group and experimental group was compared. Results. Pathological type, stage, gene expression detection, and treatment method were not significantly correlated with DFS ( P > 0.05 ). In the subgroups treated with gemcitabine, the median DFS was 17 months in the detected group and 10.5 months in the undetected group (hazard ratio = 0.2147, 95% confidence interval: 0.07909–0.5827, P = 0.0025 ). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to analyse whether gene expression detection was independently correlated with DFS in the subgroups treated with gemcitabine ( P = 0.025 ). In the detected group, the prognosis of patients with low expression of RRM1 was better than that of patients with high expression of RRM1 after paclitaxel treatment ( P = 0.0039 ). Conclusions. The selection of chemotherapy regimen based on mRNA expression of the RRM1, TUBB3, and ERCC1 genes may improve selection of candidate patients to receive clinical chemotherapy. However, large-scale prospective clinical studies are needed for in-depth investigation.

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