Perspectives of using the water hyacinth (Eichhornia heterosperma) for self-purification in a Colombian water reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Stephan Eckert ◽  
Heazel Grajales ◽  
Jaime B. Palacio ◽  
Luz Jimenez F. Segura ◽  
Elisabeth Pohlon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Eutrophication and heavy metal contamination of freshwater reservoirs cause serious problems world- wide. With increasing nutrient levels in lakes and reservoirs, invasive macrophytes like the perennial water hyacinth Eichhornia spp. can intensify the degradation process, but the plants can also be supporting because of their high capacity for heavy metal and nutrient accumulation. In this study, we assessed the potential of E. heterosperma for nutrient removal. Therefore, we measured nutrient and heavy metal concentrations in the water and the plant tissue of E. heterosperma plants harvested in a hypereutrophic reservoir (Porce II, Antioquia, Colombia). We found mean nitrogen concentrations between 21–45 g and phosphorus between 2.1–3.0 g kg –1 dry weight in the different plant parts (leaves, stems, roots). Regarding metals, we measured 3.1–2;37 mg chrome, 62 mg–7.4 g aluminium, 22–70 mg zinc, 12–95 mg copper, and 0.4–1.3 g manganese per kg of dry weight. This exceptional high ability for nutrient and heavy metal uptake makes Eichhornia heterospermaan appropriate candidate for bioremediation in reservoirs. Therefore, we assessed the potential of the plants as fertilizer for forests and agriculture regarding the heavy metal accumulations. We found that the harvest of 1.0 km² of plant cover in Porce II would result in a removal of 4.3 % phosphorus and 4.0 % nitrogen of the nutrients in the water column. This indicates that for hypereutrophic lakes with an annual input of about 43443 t N and 2490 t P, the remediation capacity of this plant is limited.

Assessing Soil and Plant Pollution by Abandoned Rural Waste Dumping Sites in Ningbo, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Guan ◽  
Ye Hong Du ◽  
Zhen Dong Li ◽  
An Cheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Plant Pollution

This paper reports the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the soils and rices surrounding the abandoned rural waste dumping sites in Ningbo. Igeo (geoaccumulation index) was calculated to assess the contamination degree of heavy metals in soils. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb of soils were 33.3, 24.1, 1.5, 118.9 and 45.6 mg/(kg DW) (dry weight), respectively. All of them were much higher than that of the reference value (i.e. CK), but there were no coherent trend of the metal contents within 1-120m distance from the dumping site. Igeo of heavy metals reveals the order of Cd>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn, and the contamination assessment of soils using Igeo indicate the moderate Cd pollution, while the soils were unpolluted-moderately overall by Cr, Cu, Zn as well as Pb. The heavy metal contents in root, stem & leaf and rice grains were all remarkable higher than that of the CK at 20-120 m distances, and the heavy metal contents in root were evidently much higher than other plant parts, while those in rice grain were lowest, indicating the great bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals. Although the metal contents in the rice grain were within the legislation limit, its bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals was remarkable, whose contents were 4.38-fold for Cr, 1.76-fold for Cu, 1.28-fold for Zn, 2.67-fold for Cd and 3.03-fold for Pb higher than that of reference value, respectively. Finally, we proposed a decentralized in-situ restoration approach for the dumping sites.

scholarly journals Structure of Sediment-Associated Microbial Communities along a Heavy-Metal Contamination Gradient in the Marine Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Gillan ◽  
Bruno Danis ◽  
Philippe Pernet ◽  
Guillemette Joly ◽  
Philippe Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Extractable Metals

ABSTRACT Microbial community composition and structure were characterized in marine sediments contaminated for >80 years with cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc. Four sampling sites that encompass a wide range of sediment metal loads were compared in a Norwegian fjord (Sørfjord). HCl-extractable metals and organic matter constantly decreased from the most contaminated site (S1) to the control site (S4). All sampling sites presented low polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations (Σ7PCB < 7.0 ng g [dry weight]−1). The biomass ranged from 4.3 × 108 to 13.4 × 108 cells g (dry weight) of sediments−1 and was not correlated to metal levels. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that diversity was not affected by the contamination. The majority of the partial 16S rRNA sequences obtained were classified in the γ- and δ-Proteobacteria and in the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (CFB) bacteria. Some sequences were closely related to other sequences from polluted marine sediments. The abundances of seven phylogenetic groups were determined by using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH was impaired in S1 by high levels of autofluorescing particles. For S2 to S4, the results indicated that the HCl-extractable Cu, Pb, and Zn were negatively correlated with the abundance of γ-Proteobacteria and CFB bacteria. δ-Proteobacteria were not correlated with HCl-extractable metals. Bacteria of the Desulfosarcina-Desulfococcus group were detected in every site and represented 6 to 14% of the DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole) counts. Although factors other than metals may explain the distribution observed, the information presented here may be useful in predicting long-term effects of heavy-metal contamination in the marine environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrients on Diatom Growth: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Tapas Giri ◽  
Umesh Goutam ◽  
Aditi Arya ◽  
Shristy Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lipid Body ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Species Specific

Diatoms are one of the unicellular algae with a rare presence of unaltered, durable, transparent and species-specific silica frustules that persist even after cell death in the deposits of water bodies. Diatom has high capacity for absorption of metals for maintaining the water quality and high rate of multiplication. These characters promoted the use of this microbial biomass for effluent detoxification. These diatoms can also solve metal toxicity problems in aquatic ecosystems in the water polluted environment. In the present review, the focus is on several nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and silica) that are essential for the growth of diatoms at very low concentrations, but most of them are toxic at high concentrations. It also shows the relationship between heavy metal stress and lipid body induction which may be a valuable indicator for the evaluation of heavy metal contamination of fluvial ecosystems. HIGHLIGHTS Diatoms are eukaryotic, unicellular, photosynthetic, silica-containing microscopic algae with distinct geometric forms Diatoms are used for biomonitoring purposes for taxonomic and morphological properties of ecosystems, community and human disturbances Diatoms are also the primary producer of oil in the world responsible for fixing 25 % of CO2 and 30 % of crude oil diatoms Many diatoms are appropriate for lipid development up to 70 % of their body volume and are investigated for biofuel as a hotspot GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals Fucoxanthin and heavy metals in brown algae of genus Cystoseira C. Agardh from water areas with different anthropogenic influences (Black Sea)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Ryabushko ◽  
A. V. Prazukin ◽  
E. V. Gureeva ◽  
N. I. Bobko ◽  
N. P. Kovrigina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures

Brown algae are recognized as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in coastal waters. Comparison of morphological and functional characteristics of algae living in different environmental conditions is essential for understanding mechanisms of marine organism adaptation to anthropogenic environmental impact. The aim of this study is to determinate concentration of fucoxanthin and heavy metals in branches of brown seaweeds Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh and Cystoseira crinita Duby in water areas with different anthropogenic pressures. The content of fucoxanthin in the samples is determined by means of thin layer chromatography, and heavy metals are quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The maximum concentrations of fucoxanthin (3 mg·g-1 of dry weight), lead (48.5 μg·g-1), zinc (62.6 μg·g-1), and cadmium (3.2 μg·g-1) are found in branches of 2- to 3-month-old seaweeds. The content of fucoxanthin in the branches of C. barbata is 1.5 times higher than that in C. crinita. The Cystoseira seaweeds living in a eutrophic bay have higher concentrations of the pigment and zinc than the macrophytes from open waters. The elevated levels of fucoxanthin in brown algae of this genus found in eutrophic and heavy-metal-polluted water areas demonstrate the important role of this carotenoid in the adaptation of the algal photosynthetic apparatus to anthropogenic environmental changes.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of zinc, lead, cadmium in water hyacinth, hippo grass and papyrus reed as water quality indicator in River Kisat in Kisumu County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
B Mareri ◽  
E Kitur ◽  
P Obade
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Water Quality Indicator ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Poor Water Quality

River Kisat in Kenya is increasingly being polluted serving as a sink for waste receiving effluent from sewerage, industrial waste and agricultural pesticide residues leading to heavy metal contamination. This has led to the contamination of the aquatic ecosystem and water used by communities for consumption and farming. Little information is available on the bio-indicative aspects of water quality using bioaccumulation factor by macrophytes. This study aimed at determining concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd in water, (Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Vossia cuspidata (hippo grass), Cyperus papyrus (papyrus reed) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) in River Kisat, Kisumu County. This was determined following laboratory standard procedures using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results showed mean concentrations (mg/L) of Cd (Below detectable limit), Zn (0.2 -0.15) and Pb (0.03-0.03) in water. Mean values were within allowable WHO drinking water limits except for Pb which was above acceptable limits. Zn recorded highest accumulated levels in E. crassipes (72.43mg/L), C. papyrus (70.13mg/L) and V. cuspidate (71.03mg/L). E. crassipes was observed to bioaccumulate the highest concentration of the heavy metals with C. papyrus bioaccumulating the lowest (E. crassipes > V. cuspidata> C. papyrus). Pearson matrix correlation analysis showed positive significant correlations (r = 0.621; p = 0.027) between Zn and Pb in water and the macrophytes which reflected a common source of pollution and indication of accumulation. BAF recorded for all macrophytes ranged from 2.45 to 6.85, above value of 1, indicating significant bioaccumulation for Zn and Pb. The findings from this study showed higher concentrations of Zn and Pb in the macrophytes in comparison to the water in River Kisat with BAF values >1 indicating bioaccumulation which represented poor water quality. The study recommends local authorities employ monitoring processes with incorporation of BAF as a water quality indicator where low metal concentrations in water are recorded, introduce penalties for polluters and sensitize local inhabitants on detrimental health effects of heavy metal and avoid use of River Kisat water for agricultural activities.

Study of The Pharmacological Activity and Heavy Metal Content of Eichhornia Crassipes Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Jimmy ◽  
Diah Indriani Widiputri ◽  
Paulus Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Negative Impacts

Eichhornia crassipes is well-known as water hyacinth. Water hyacinth grows rapidly in the nutrient-rich water and high light intensity places. The uncontrollable growth of water hyacinth has caused many negative impacts to the environment. For instance, interrupted water transport and decreased population of aquatic lives. The capacity of utilising water hyacinth is slower than water hyacinth growth and water hyacinth is still considered as a threat to theecosystem. This work was focused on the study of the pharmacological activity and heavy metal content of water hyacinth in Lake Cipondoh, Tangerang. Fresh water hyacinth was pre-treated through oven-drying and milling process. After that, each part of the plant was macerated by using multiple extraction method with 96% ethanol/water and three variations of sample-to-solvent ratios (1:30, 1:50, and 1:75 w/v). The result of the experiment showed thatwater hyacinth leaves produced an extract with lowest IC 50 (55.76 ± 6.73 ppm) compared toother parts. The most optimum solvent used to achieve this result was 96% ethanol/water (1:1 v/v). In order to obtain the lowest antioxidant activity, the sample to solvent ratio used was 1:50 and the heavy metal in the extract was very low. With this result, it was concluded that there is a promising opportunity to apply the water hyacinth growing in Lake Cipondoh, Tangerang as herbal medicine ingredient. Through this utilization, the overall number of water hyacinth in Indonesia can be reduced or at the least be controlled, so that the environmental problem caused by this plant can be minimized.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

EVALUATION OF AIRBORNE HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION BY PLANTS GROWING UNDER INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 903-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Najafi ◽  
Mitra Ataabadi ◽  
Mehran Hoodaji ◽  
Fuad Adib
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Industrial Emissions
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