scholarly journals Effect of Nutrients on Diatom Growth: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Tapas Giri ◽  
Umesh Goutam ◽  
Aditi Arya ◽  
Shristy Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lipid Body ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Species Specific

Diatoms are one of the unicellular algae with a rare presence of unaltered, durable, transparent and species-specific silica frustules that persist even after cell death in the deposits of water bodies. Diatom has high capacity for absorption of metals for maintaining the water quality and high rate of multiplication. These characters promoted the use of this microbial biomass for effluent detoxification. These diatoms can also solve metal toxicity problems in aquatic ecosystems in the water polluted environment. In the present review, the focus is on several nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and silica) that are essential for the growth of diatoms at very low concentrations, but most of them are toxic at high concentrations. It also shows the relationship between heavy metal stress and lipid body induction which may be a valuable indicator for the evaluation of heavy metal contamination of fluvial ecosystems. HIGHLIGHTS Diatoms are eukaryotic, unicellular, photosynthetic, silica-containing microscopic algae with distinct geometric forms Diatoms are used for biomonitoring purposes for taxonomic and morphological properties of ecosystems, community and human disturbances Diatoms are also the primary producer of oil in the world responsible for fixing 25 % of CO2 and 30 % of crude oil diatoms Many diatoms are appropriate for lipid development up to 70 % of their body volume and are investigated for biofuel as a hotspot GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Annam ◽  
Anshu Singla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

Perspectives of using the water hyacinth (Eichhornia heterosperma) for self-purification in a Colombian water reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Stephan Eckert ◽  
Heazel Grajales ◽  
Jaime B. Palacio ◽  
Luz Jimenez F. Segura ◽  
Elisabeth Pohlon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Eutrophication and heavy metal contamination of freshwater reservoirs cause serious problems world- wide. With increasing nutrient levels in lakes and reservoirs, invasive macrophytes like the perennial water hyacinth Eichhornia spp. can intensify the degradation process, but the plants can also be supporting because of their high capacity for heavy metal and nutrient accumulation. In this study, we assessed the potential of E. heterosperma for nutrient removal. Therefore, we measured nutrient and heavy metal concentrations in the water and the plant tissue of E. heterosperma plants harvested in a hypereutrophic reservoir (Porce II, Antioquia, Colombia). We found mean nitrogen concentrations between 21–45 g and phosphorus between 2.1–3.0 g kg –1 dry weight in the different plant parts (leaves, stems, roots). Regarding metals, we measured 3.1–2;37 mg chrome, 62 mg–7.4 g aluminium, 22–70 mg zinc, 12–95 mg copper, and 0.4–1.3 g manganese per kg of dry weight. This exceptional high ability for nutrient and heavy metal uptake makes Eichhornia heterospermaan appropriate candidate for bioremediation in reservoirs. Therefore, we assessed the potential of the plants as fertilizer for forests and agriculture regarding the heavy metal accumulations. We found that the harvest of 1.0 km² of plant cover in Porce II would result in a removal of 4.3 % phosphorus and 4.0 % nitrogen of the nutrients in the water column. This indicates that for hypereutrophic lakes with an annual input of about 43443 t N and 2490 t P, the remediation capacity of this plant is limited.

scholarly journals Microbiological Indices for Diagnosis of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukirtee Chejara ◽  
Paras Kamboj ◽  
Y. V. Singh ◽  
Vikas Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Microbial Indices

Heavy metal contamination has gained popularity worldwide due to their persistent nature in the environment, on the top of that non-biodegradable nature makes its accumulation easy to toxic levels. Understanding the nature of contamination has become a major concern before heavy metals deteriorate the quality of soil; to diagnose heavy metal pollution suitable indices are required. Microbial indices gaining importance because of their sensitive nature towards change in surrounding, which is the imperative quality required to select microbes as environmental indicators. Albeit enough literature is present related to this topic but the information is scattered so role of this chapter is imperative. The chapter will be helpful for the reader to provide a thorough understanding of merits and demerits of microbiological indices for heavy metal contaminated and restituted soils. The changes in microbiological indices and their mechanism of response towards heavy metal stress are effectively summarized. Research gap and future needs of microbial diagnosis of heavy metal contaminated soils are discussed.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Wolf Spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae) after Cadmium Exposure

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-chun Li ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Guo-yuan Li ◽  
Yueli Yun ◽  
Yu-jun Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata

Pardosa pseudoannulata is one of the most common wandering spiders in agricultural fields and a potentially good bioindicator for heavy metal contamination. However, little is known about the mechanism by which spiders respond to heavy metals at the molecular level. In this study, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was employed to characterize the de novo transcriptome of the spiders and to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after cadmium exposure. We obtained 60,489 assembled unigenes, 18,773 of which were annotated in the public databases. Ultimately, 3450 cDNA simple sequence repeats were identified and validated as potential molecular markers in the unigenes. A total of 2939, 2491 and 3759 DEGs were detected among the three libraries of two Cd-treated groups and the control. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that metabolism processes and digestive system function were predominately enriched in response to Cd stress. At the cellular and molecular levels, significantly enriched pathways in lysosomes and phagosomes as well as replication, recombination and repair demonstrated that oxidative damage resulted from Cd exposure. Based on the selected DEGs, certain critical genes involved in defence and detoxification were analysed. These results may elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying spiders' responses to heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of a malate transporter promotes malate excretion and reduces cadmium uptake in apple

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3437-3449
Author(s):  
Qi-Jun Ma ◽  
Mei-Hong Sun ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Da-Gang Hu ◽  
Hui Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Cadmium Uptake ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Malate Transporter

Abstract Heavy metal contamination is a major environmental and human health hazard in many areas of the world. Organic acids sequester heavy metals and protect plant roots from the effects of toxicity; however, it is largely unknown how these acids are regulated in response to heavy metal stress. Here, protein kinase SOS2L1 from apple was functionally characterized. MdSOS2L1 was found to be involved in the regulation of malate excretion, and to inhibit cadmium uptake into roots. Using the DUAL membrane system in a screen of an apple cDNA library with MdSOS2L1 as bait, a malate transporter, MdALMT14, was identified as an interactor. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays further indicated the interaction of the two proteins. Transgenic analyses showed that MdSOS2L1 is required for cadmium-induced phosphorylation at the Ser358 site of MdALMT14, a modification that enhanced the stability of the MdALMT14 protein. MdSOS2L1 was also shown to enhance cadmium tolerance in an MdALMT14-dependent manner. This study sheds light on the roles of the MdSOS2L1–MdALMT14 complex in physiological responses to cadmium toxicity.

scholarly journals Proteomics of heavy metal toxicity in plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Cvjetko ◽  
Mira Zovko ◽  
Biljana Balen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Plant Acclimation

Summary Plants endure a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, all of which cause major limitations to production. Among abiotic stressors, heavy metal contamination represents a global environmental problem endangering humans, animals, and plants. Exposure to heavy metals has been documented to induce changes in the expression of plant proteins. Proteins are macromolecules directly responsible for most biological processes in a living cell, while protein function is directly influenced by posttranslational modifications, which cannot be identified through genome studies. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct proteomic studies, which enable the elucidation of the presence and role of proteins under specific environmental conditions. This review attempts to present current knowledge on proteomic techniques developed with an aim to detect the response of plant to heavy metal stress. Significant contributions to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of plant acclimation to metal stress are also discussed.

Spectrometric analyses in comparison to the physiological condition of heavy metal stressed floodplain vegetation in a standardised experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Götze ◽  
András Jung ◽  
Ines Merbach ◽  
Rainer Wennrich ◽  
Cornelia Gläßer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Floodplain Vegetation

AbstractFloodplain ecosystems are affected by flood dynamics, nutrient supply as well as anthropogenic activities. Heavy metal pollution poses a serious environmental challenge. Pollution transfer from the soil to vegetation is still present at the central location of Elbe River, Germany. The goal of this study was to assess and separate the current heavy metal contamination of the floodplain ecosystem, using spectrometric field and laboratory measurements. A standardized pot experiment with floodplain vegetation in differently contaminated soils provided the basis for the measurements. The dominant plant types of the floodplains are: Urtica dioica, Phalaris arundinacea and Alopecurus pratensis, these were also chemically analysed. Various vegetation indices and methods were used to estimate the red edge position, to normalise the spectral curve of the vegetation and to investigate the potential of different methods for separating plant stress in floodplain vegetation. The main task was to compare spectral bands during phenological phases to find a method to detect heavy metal stress in plants. A multi-level algorithm for the curve parameterisation was developed. Chemo-analytical and ecophysiological parameters of plants were considered in the results and correlated with spectral data. The results of this study show the influence of heavy metals on the spectral characteristics of the focal plants. The developed method (depth CR1730) showed significant relationship between the plants and the contamination.

scholarly journals Study of Oxidative Stress Indices, Morphological Response, Mineral Absorption in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Under Cadmium Stress and Bioinformatics of HMA Poteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Kolahi ◽  
Elham Mohajel Kazemi ◽  
Milad Yazdi ◽  
Andrea Goldson-Barnaby
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Integral Role

Abstract Cicer arietinum L. (chickpeas) is a widely consumed legume that is impacted by heavy metal contaminants such as cadmium. Cadmium is a chemical hazard and can severely impact the morphological and physiological features of the plant. C. arietinum L. were exposed to cadmium and its impact on plant growth and antioxidant enzyme activity evaluated. Bioinformatic studies were performed to further understand the mechanism by which the plant combats heavy metal stress. Observed morphological changes included stunted growth, poor root development and yellowing of the plant. The study also revealed that increased cadmium resulted in a decline in mineral transportation to aerial regions of the plant. Antioxidative enzyme activity (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) increased in the leaves suggesting that these enzymes play an integral role in combatting heavy metal contamination. These research showed chickpea has a relatively high adsorption capacity for cadmium in aerial tissues. Special precautions should therefore be taken in the cultivation of chickpea. Increasing the levels of cadmium in the medium resulted in a decline in zinc, copper and manganese in the aerial parts of chickpea seedlings. There appears to be a competitive mechanism for mineral uptake in plants. HMAs play an important role in the transport of metals in plants and provide resistance to the uptake and transportation of metals. In silico analysis led to the identification of 13 Heavy Metal ATPases (HMAs). These proteins contain 130 to 1032 amino acids with 3 to 18 exons and assist in heavy metal detoxification.

scholarly journals Detection of Rice Phenological Variations under Heavy Metal Stress by Means of Blended Landsat and MODIS Image Time Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyao Zhang ◽  
Xiangnan Liu ◽  
Meiling Liu ◽  
Yuanyuan Meng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Water Index

Monitoring phenological changes of crops through remote sensing methods is becoming a new perspective in assessing heavy metal contamination in agricultural farmlands. This paper proposes a method that combines the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the normalized difference water index (NDWI) to detect heavy metal stress-induced variations in satellite-derived rice phenology. First, we applied the enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model to obtain the NDVI and NDWI time series for the NDVI–NDWI phase–space construction. Then, six specific rice phenometrics were derived from the NDVI and the phase–space, respectively. Last, we introduced a relative phenophase index (RPI), which characterizes the relative change of the phenometrics to identify the rice paddies under heavy metal stress. The results indicated that satellite-derived rice phenometrics are generally influenced by human and natural factors (e.g., transplanting date, air temperature, and solar radiation), while the RPI showed weak correlations with all of these variables. In the determination of heavy metal stress, the NDVI- and phase–space-based RPIs of unstressed rice both show significantly (p < 0.001) higher values than those of stressed rice, while the phase–space-based RPI shows more apparent statistical difference between the stressed and unstressed rice compared to the NDVI-based one. Our work proved the capability of the phase–space-based method as well as the RPI in the discrimination of regional heavy metal pollution in rice fields.

Biochemical changes and adaptive strategies of plants under heavy metal stress

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Solanki ◽  
Rajesh Dhankhar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Exposure

AbstractHeavy metal contamination of soil, aqueous waste stream and ground water causes major environmental and human health problems. Heavy metals are major environmental pollutants when they are present in high concentration in soil and show potential toxic effects on growth and development in plants. Due to unabated, indiscriminate and uncontrolled discharge of hazardous chemicals including heavy metals into the environment, plant continuously have to face various environmental constraints. In plants, seed germination is the first exchange interface with the surrounding medium and has been considered as highly sensitive to environmental changes. One of the crucial events during seed germination entails mobilization of seed reserves which is indispensable for the growth of embryonic axis. But, metabolic alterations by heavy metal exposure are known to depress the mobilization and utilization of reserve food by affecting the activity of hydrolytic enzymes. Some plants possess a range of potential mechanisms that may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals by which they manage to survive under metal stress. High tolerance to heavy metal toxicity could rely either on reduced uptake or increase planned internal sequestration which is manifested by an interaction between a genotype and its environment. Such mechanism involves the binding of heavy metals to cell wall, immobilization, exclusion of the plasma membrane, efflux of these toxic metal ions, reduction of heavy metal transport, compartmentalization and metal chelation by tonoplast located transporters and expression of more general stress response mechanisms such as stress proteins. It is important to understand the toxicity response of plant to heavy metals so that we can utilize appropriate plant species in the rehabilitation of contaminated areas. Therefore, in the present review attempts have been made to evaluate the effects of increasing level of heavy metal in soils on the key behavior of hydrolytic and nitrogen assimilation enzymes. Additionally, it also provides a broad overview of the strategies adopted by plants against heavy metal stress.

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