Molecular Characterization of qnrVC Genes and Their Novel Alleles in Vibrio spp. Isolated from Food Products in China

ABSTRACT This study reports the prevalences of qnrVC genes in 74 ciprofloxacin-resistant Vibrio sp. isolates. Two novel functional qnrVC alleles, qnrVC8 and qnrVC9, sharing 98% and 99% nucleotide similarity with qnrVC6 and qnrVC7, respectively, were identified. Our findings suggested that carriage of qnrVC alleles, together with target mutations in gyrA and parC genes, may contribute to the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Vibrio species, posing a serious threat to public health.

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Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates Carrying mcr-1, fosA3, and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase Genes from Food Samples in China

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00064-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiaobo Liu ◽

Ruichao Li ◽

Zhiwei Zheng ◽

Kaichao Chen ◽

Miaomiao Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Food Products ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Food Samples ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACT This study surveyed the prevalence of mcr-1 in extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains of food origin in China and identified strains that carried mcr-1, fosA3, and ESBL genes, which were carried in various plasmids. The mcr-1 and ESBL genes could be cotransferred by one or more types of plasmids. The presence of these multidrug-resistant E. coli strains in food products might pose a huge threat to public health.

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Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Moraxella catarrhalis Variants Generated In Vitro by Stepwise Selection

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01336-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kageto Yamada ◽

Ryoichi Saito ◽

Saori Muto ◽

Machiko Kashiwa ◽

Yoshiko Tamamori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Novel Mutations ◽

Content Type ◽

Stepwise Selection ◽

Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Moraxella catarrhalis causes respiratory infections. In this study, fluoroquinolone-resistant strains were selected in vitro to evaluate the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance. Strains with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility were obtained by stepwise selection in levofloxacin, and fluoroquinolone targets gyr and par were sequenced. Six novel mutations in GyrA (D84Y, T594dup, and A722dup), GyrB (E479K and D439N), and ParE (Q395R) involved in M. catarrhalis resistance to fluoroquinolones were revealed.

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Vector-Borne Pathogens with Veterinary and Public Health Significance in Melophagus ovinus (Sheep Ked) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Qing-Xun Zhang ◽

Ye Wang ◽

Ying Li ◽

Shu-Yi Han ◽

Bo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Border Disease Virus ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Melophagus Ovinus ◽

Health Significance ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) is a hematophagous ectoparasite that mainly parasitizes sheep. In addition to causing inflammation, wool loss, and skin damage to the animal hosts, M. ovinus also serves as a vector for a variety of pathogens and is highly likely to participate in the life and transmission cycle of pathogenic organisms. Herein, we investigated the presence and molecular characterization of vector-borne pathogens in M. ovinus from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. A total of 92 M. ovinus pools collected from the Qinghai province of China were screened for the presence of selected vector-borne pathogens. The overall positive rate of A. ovis, A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, and T. ovis in M. ovinus was 39.1%, 17.4%, 9.8%, and 89.1%, respectively. All of the samples were negative for Border disease virus (BDV), other Anaplasma species, Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp. Co-infection of different Anaplasma species and T. ovis occurred in 51.2% of all samples with T. ovis. The positive rates of A. ovis, A. bovis, and A. phagocytophilum in different regions and altitudes of the sampling sites were significantly different. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of target genes confirmed their identity with corresponding pathogens. Our results elucidate the occurrence and molecular characterization of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in M. ovinus, which could act as potential zoonotic reservoirs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum DNA in M. ovinus. This study gives the first extensive molecular survey of vector-borne pathogens with veterinary and public health significance in M. ovinus from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.

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Molecular Characterization of the CytochromebGene andIn VitroAtovaquone Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Kenya

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.03956-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 1818-1821 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luicer A. Ingasia ◽

Hoseah M. Akala ◽

Mabel O. Imbuga ◽

Benjamin H. Opot ◽

Fredrick L. Eyase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Genetic Polymorphism ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Mutant Allele ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Wild Type Allele ◽

Wild Type ◽

Western Kenya ◽

Content Type

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of a genetic polymorphism(s) at codon 268 in the cytochromebgene, which is associated with failure of atovaquone-proguanil treatment, was analyzed in 227Plasmodium falciparumparasites from western Kenya. The prevalence of the wild-type allele was 63%, and that of the Y268S (denoting a Y-to-S change at position 268) mutant allele was 2%. There were no pure Y268C or Y268N mutant alleles, only mixtures of a mutant allele(s) with the wild type. There was a correlation between parasite 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and parasite genetic polymorphism; mutant alleles had higher IC50s than the wild type.

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Molecular Characterization of Human-Pathogenic Microsporidia and Cyclospora cayetanensis Isolated from Various Water Sources in Spain: a Year-Long Longitudinal Study

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02737-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 449-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Ana Luz Galván ◽

Angela Magnet ◽

Fernando Izquierdo ◽

Soledad Fenoy ◽

Cristina Rueda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Content Type ◽

Cyclospora Cayetanensis ◽

Water Treatment Plants

ABSTRACTRecent studies suggest the involvement of water in the epidemiology ofCyclospora cayetanensisand some microsporidia. A total of 223 samples from four drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and six locations of influence (LI) on four river basins from Madrid, Spain, were analyzed from spring 2008 to winter 2009. Microsporidia were detected in 49% of samples (109/223),Cyclosporaspp. were detected in 9% (20/223), and both parasites were found in 5.4% (12/223) of samples. Human-pathogenic microsporidia were detected, includingEnterocytozoon bieneusi(C, D, and D-like genotypes),Encephalitozoon intestinalis,Encephalitozoon cuniculi(genotypes I and III), andAnncaliia algerae.C. cayetanensiswas identified in 17 of 20 samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows a year-long longitudinal study ofC. cayetanensisin drinking water treatment plants. Additionally, data about the presence and molecular characterization of the human-pathogenic microsporidia in drinking water, wastewater, and locations of influence during 1 year in Spain are shown. It is noteworthy that although the DWTPs and WWTPs studied meet European and national regulations on water sanitary quality, both parasites were found in water samples from these plants, supporting the idea that new and appropriate controls and regulations for drinking water, wastewater, and recreational waters should be proposed to avoid health risks from these pathogens.

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Molecular characterization of hookworm spp. isolated from food handlers, Khartoum, Sudan: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.14683.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 662

Author(s):

Tarig A. Gamar ◽

Hassan H. Musa ◽

Hisham N. Altayb ◽

Mohamed H. Mohamed ◽

Adam D. Abakar

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Molecular Probe ◽

Hookworm Infection ◽

Food Handlers ◽

The Public ◽

Necator Americanus ◽

Link Type ◽

Stool Samples

Background: Hookworms infect the intestines, cause an itchy rash, respiratory and gastrointestinal problems, and eventually iron deficiency (anaemia) due to the ongoing loss of blood. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and molecular characterization of hookworms isolated from food handlers attending the Public Health Laboratories in Khartoum state, Sudan, for annual check-ups, and to assess the efficiency of PCR as molecular probe for hookworm infection. Methods: A total of 350 foods handlers’ participant's stool samples who were not suspected to be infected with hookworms were studied. Conventional methods were applied to make an early diagnosis. Stool samples were collected from public health laboratories (the public health lab in the Medical Commission) of Khartoum State; Omdurman locality, Khartoum North locality and Khartoum locality between October 2016 and April 2017. Specific identification was made by PCR on specimens identified as positive by Baermann’s technique, which were then sequence and genotyped Results: The prevalence of hookworms in the stool samples of food-handlers was 1.43%. One larval specimen recovered by Baermann’s technique was confirmed to be Necator americanus by PCR. PCR also confirmed that Necator americanus was the common species isolated from four further specimens. The results of DNA sequencing for Necator americanus were deposited in NCBI GenBank under the following accession numbers: sample 91, MH035824; sample 92, MH035825; sample 294, MH035826; and sample 319 MH035827. Conclusion: PCR was found to be effective for confirmation of the diagnosis of hookworm infection and can aid the clinician in initiating prompt and appropriate antiparasite therapy.

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Molecular Characterization of anEndozoicomonas-Like Organism Causing Infection in the King Scallop (Pecten maximusL.)

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00952-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irene Cano ◽

Ronny van Aerle ◽

Stuart Ross ◽

David W. Verner-Jeffreys ◽

Richard K. Paley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Mass Mortality ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽

Content Type ◽

The 16S Rrna Gene

ABSTRACTOne of the fastest growing fisheries in the UK is the king scallop (Pecten maximusL.), also currently rated as the second most valuable fishery. Mass mortality events in scallops have been reported worldwide, often with the causative agent(s) remaining uncharacterized. In May 2013 and 2014, two mass mortality events affecting king scallops were recorded in the Lyme Bay marine protected area (MPA) in Southwest England. Histopathological examination showed gill epithelial tissues infected with intracellular microcolonies (IMCs) of bacteria resemblingRickettsia-like organisms (RLOs), often with bacteria released in vascular spaces. Large colonies were associated with cellular and tissue disruption of the gills. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the intracellular location of these organisms in affected epithelial cells. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the putative IMCs obtained from infected king scallop gill samples, collected from both mortality events, were identical and had a 99.4% identity to 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from “CandidatusEndonucleobacter bathymodioli” and 95% withEndozoicomonasspecies.In situhybridization assays using 16S rRNA gene probes confirmed the presence of the sequenced IMC gene in the gill tissues. Additional DNA sequences of the bacterium were obtained using high-throughput (Illumina) sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis identified over 1,000 genes with high similarity to protein sequences fromEndozoicomonasspp. (ranging from 77 to 87% identity). Specific PCR assays were developed and applied to screen for the presence of IMC 16S rRNA gene sequences in king scallop gill tissues collected at the Lyme Bay MPA during 2015 and 2016. There was 100% prevalence of the IMCs in these gill tissues, and the 16S rRNA gene sequences identified were identical to the sequence found during the previous mortality event.IMPORTANCEMolluscan mass mortalities associated with IMCs have been reported worldwide for many years; however, apart from histological and ultrastructural characterization, characterization of the etiological agents is limited. In the present work, we provide detailed molecular characterization of anEndozoicomonas-like organism (ELO) associated with an important commercial scallop species.

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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Novel Pathogenic Strains of Macrococcus Caseolyticus Isolated From External Wounds of Donkeys in Khartoum State –Sudan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-867901/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dania Ali ◽

Mushal Allam ◽

Hisham Altayb ◽

Dalia Mursi ◽

M. A Abdalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Whole Genome Sequence ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Genome Sequence Analysis ◽

Resistant Genes ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Novel Alleles

Abstract A pathogenic strains of Macrococcus caseolyticus was isolated from wounds infection during investigation on donkeys in Khartoum State. Samples were collected from external wounds (head, abdomin, back and leg), during different seasons of the year. One isolate (124B) was identified using whole-genome sequence analysis. RAST software identified thirty-one virulent genes of disease and defense including methicillin resistant genes, TatR family and ANT(4’)-Ib. Plasmid rep22 wasidentified by PlasmidFindet-2.0 Server and a CRISPR. MILST-2.0 predicted many novel alleles. NCBI notated the genome as a novel strain of M.caseolyticus strain (DaniaSudan). The MLST-tree-V1 revealed that DaniaSudan and KM0211a strains were interrelated. Strain Daniasudan was resistant to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, erythromycin, oxacillin, clindamycin and kanamycin. The prevalence of the strain was 4.73%, with significant differences between collection seasons and locations of wounds. Mice modling showen bacteremia and many clinical (swelling, allergy, wounds and loss of hair). Enlarged, hyperemia, adhesions and abscesses were observed in many organs. This represents the first report of pathogenic strains of M.caseolyticus worldwide.

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Isolation and Characterization of Akhmeta Virus from Wild-Caught Rodents (Apodemus spp.) in Georgia

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00966-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 (24) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jeffrey B. Doty ◽

Giorgi Maghlakelidze ◽

Irakli Sikharulidze ◽

Shin-Lin Tu ◽

Clint N. Morgan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Small Mammals ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Human Populations ◽

Content Type ◽

Subsequent Investigation ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

History Of

ABSTRACT In 2013, a novel orthopoxvirus was detected in skin lesions of two cattle herders from the Kakheti region of Georgia (country); this virus was named Akhmeta virus. Subsequent investigation of these cases revealed that small mammals in the area had serological evidence of orthopoxvirus infections, suggesting their involvement in the maintenance of these viruses in nature. In October 2015, we began a longitudinal study assessing the natural history of orthopoxviruses in Georgia. As part of this effort, we trapped small mammals near Akhmeta (n = 176) and Gudauri (n = 110). Here, we describe the isolation and molecular characterization of Akhmeta virus from lesion material and pooled heart and lung samples collected from five wood mice (Apodemus uralensis and Apodemus flavicollis) in these two locations. The genomes of Akhmeta virus obtained from rodents group into 2 clades: one clade represented by viruses isolated from A. uralensis samples, and one clade represented by viruses isolated from A. flavicollis samples. These genomes also display several presumptive recombination events for which gene truncation and identity have been examined. IMPORTANCE Akhmeta virus is a unique Orthopoxvirus that was described in 2013 from the country of Georgia. This paper presents the first isolation of this virus from small mammal (Rodentia; Apodemus spp.) samples and the molecular characterization of those isolates. The identification of the virus in small mammals is an essential component to understanding the natural history of this virus and its transmission to human populations and could guide public health interventions in Georgia. Akhmeta virus genomes harbor evidence suggestive of recombination with a variety of other orthopoxviruses; this has implications for the evolution of orthopoxviruses, their ability to infect mammalian hosts, and their ability to adapt to novel host species.

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