Antifungal Susceptibility of 182 Fusarium spp Isolates from 20 European Centers Comparison between EUCAST and Gradient Concentration Strips Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blaize ◽  
A. C. Normand ◽  
S. Imbert ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Erja Chryssanthou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Species Comparison ◽  
Fusarium Spp

We determined the susceptibility of 182 Fusarium spp. isolates to 5 antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, terbinafine) by EUCAST method. Based on the latest taxonomic insights, isolates collected from 20 European centers were distributed into 7 complexes and 27 species. The susceptibility was variable depending on the species. Comparison with gradient concentration strips method performed for 77 isolates showed essential agreement for voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole and amphotericin B of 17%, 91%, 83% and 70%, respectively.

scholarly journals Diversity and antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated by multiple-tube fermentation from three freshwater lakes in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana R. Brandão ◽  
Adriana O Medeiros ◽  
Mariana C. Duarte ◽  
Anne C. Barbosa ◽  
Carlos A. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
The People ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

The diversity and antifungal resistance of yeasts able to grow at 37°C and the occurrence of bacterial indicators of water quality were studied in three lakes in Southeastern Brazil. The densities of yeasts, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonasaeruginosa were determined by the multiple-tube fermentation technique, and counts of heterotrophic bacteria were determined using the pour plate method. The yeasts were identified using physiological and molecular techniques and their resistance to amphotericin B, itraconazole and fluconazole was tested. Yeast occurrence was significantly correlated only with the density of fecal coliforms. Candida krusei, C. guilliermondii and C. tropicalis, the most frequently isolated yeast species, are associated with fecal contamination of water by warm-blooded animals. Yeast isolates were most resistant to amphotericin B (21.7%), followed by itraconazole (20%) and then fluconazole (2.8%). In addition to tests for the fecal coliform group, the density of yeasts grown at 37°C could be used as a complementary microbial indicator that aquatic environments contain organic matter of human origin. The incidence of yeast species resistant to three antifungal drugs shows that these microorganisms could pose a health risk to the people who use these lakes for recreation.

Comparative antifungal susceptibility analyses of Cryptococcus neoformans VNI and Cryptococcus gattii VGII from the Brazilian Amazon Region by the Etest, Vitek 2, and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 864-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Martins Nishikawa ◽  
Rodrigo Almeida-Paes ◽  
Fabio Brito-Santos ◽  
Carlos Roberto Nascimento ◽  
Miguel Madi Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Vitek 2

AbstractEarly diagnosis, efficient clinical support, and proper antifungal therapy are essential to reduce death and sequels caused by cryptococcosis. The emergence of resistance to the antifungal drugs commonly used for cryptococcosis treatment is an important issue of concern. Thus, the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical strains from northern Brazil, including C. neoformans VNI (n = 62) and C. gattii VGII (n = 37), to amphotericin B (AMB), 5-flucytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole was evaluated using the Etest and Vitek 2 systems and the standardized broth microdilution (CLSI-BMD) methodology. According to the CLSI-BMD, the most active in vitro azole was voriconazole (C. neoformans VNI modal MIC of 0.06 μg/ml and C. gattii VGII modal MIC of 0.25 μg/ml), and fluconazole was the least active (modal MIC of 4 μg/ml for both fungi). Modal MICs for amphotericin B were 1 μg/ml for both fungi. In general, good essential agreement (EA) values were observed between the methods. However, AMB presented the lowest EA between CLSI-BMD and Etest for C. neoformans VNI and C. gattii VGII (1.6% and 2.56%, respectively, P < .05 for both). Considering the proposed Cryptococcus spp. epidemiological cutoff values, more than 97% of the studied isolates were categorized as wild-type for the azoles. However, the high frequency of C. neoformans VNI isolates in the population described here that displayed non-wild-type susceptibility to AMB is noteworthy. Epidemiological surveillance of the antifungal resistance of cryptococcal strains is relevant due to the potential burden and the high lethality of cryptococcal meningitis in the Amazon region.

scholarly journals Molecular typing and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp from patients in Midwest Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (08) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Cometti Favalessa ◽  
Daphine Ariadne Jesus De Paula ◽  
Valeria Dutra ◽  
Luciano Nakazato ◽  
Tomoko Tadano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection that affects humans and animals, mainly due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Following the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), fungal infections by C. neoformans have become more common among immunocompromised patients. Cryptococcus gattii has primarily been isolated as a primary pathogen in healthy hosts and occurs endemically in northern and northeastern Brazil. We to perform genotypic characterization and determine the in vitro susceptibility profile to antifungal drugs of the Cryptococcus species complex isolated from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients attended at university hospitals in Cuiabá, MT, in the Midwestern region of Brazil. Methodology: Micromorphological features, chemotyping with canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) agar and genotyping by URA5-RFLP were used to identify the species. The antifungal drugs tested were amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole and voriconazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined according to the CLSI methodology M27-A3. Results: Analysis of samples yelded C. neoformans AFLP1/VNI (17/27, 63.0%) and C. gattii AFLP6/VGII (10/27, 37.0%). The MICs ranges for the antifungal drugs were: amphotericin B (0.5-1 mg/L), fluconazole (1-16 mg/L), flucytosine (1-16 mg/L), itraconazole (0.25-0.12 mg/L) and voriconazole (0.06-0.5 mg/L). Isolates of C. neoformans AFLP1/VNI were predominant in patients with HIV/AIDS, and C. gattii VGII in HIV-negative patients. The genotypes identified were susceptible to the antifungal drugs tested. Conclusion: It is worth emphasizing that AFLP6/VGII is a predominant genotype affecting HIV-negative individuals in Cuiabá. These findings serve as a guide concerning the molecular epidemiology of C. neoformans and C. gattii in the State of Mato Grosso.

Molecular Identification, And Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Candida Species Isolated From Candidemia Patients in Yasuj, Southwestern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaghayegh Rostami Yasuj ◽  
Seyed Sajad Khoramrooz ◽  
Marjan Salahi ◽  
Ali Keshtkari ◽  
Jabar Taghavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Candidemia is the most common systemic infection in hospitalized patients and causing high mortality. Hence, the diagnosis of this infection in the early-stage with appropriate antifungal therapy has been attributed to the lowest mortality. The aims of this study are molecular identification of Candida species isolated from candidemia patients and evaluated the in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of these strains to fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. In the present study, 800 hospitalized patients who suspected candidemia were sampled. Candida species were isolated and identified based on morphological and PCR-sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Antifungal susceptibility tests for fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3. Also, clinical data were recorded from patient's records. Overall, 27 candidemia patients were detected among hospitalized patients. 33.3% of candidemia patients were treated with amphotericin B, however, the mortality rate was 14.8%. The majority of patients (59%) were from the neonatal intensive care unit and premature born was the most underlying condition. C. albicans (n = 18; 66.6%) was the most common species isolated from blood cultures, followed by C.parapsilosis (n = 7; 25.9%), C.pelliculosa ( n = 1;3.7% ) and C.tropicalis (n = 1;3.7%). Only one C. albicans isolate were resistance to fluconazole (MIC = 32 µg/mL). Generally, C. albicans has been the most frequent causative agent of candidemia. Resistance to antifungal drugs among candidemia agents was rare. Also, the identification of Candida isolates at the species level with in-vitro antifungal susceptibility tests can manage and decrease the mortality rate among candidemia patients.

IDENTIFYING SPECIES AND DETERMINING ANTIFUNGAL RESISTANCE OF ASPERGILLUS ISOLATED FROM HUE HOSPITAL OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY UNIVERSITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Thao Do Thi Bich ◽  
Anh Ton Nu Phuong ◽  
Chau Ngo Thi Minh
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Key Words Aspergillus

Objectives: Identifying the species of Aspergillus isolated from patients and enviroment at Hue Hospital of Medicine and Pharmacy University; determining the resistance rate to antifungal drugs of common pathogen strains. Materials and methods: Samples were collected and identified follow morphology features, strains of Aspergillus were stored and checked by antifungal susceptibility testing. Results:6 species of Aspergillus were isolated from patients including A. terreus (58.1%), A. flavus (16.1%), A. niger (9.7%), A. versicolor (9.7%), A. fumigatus (3.2%), A. candidatus (3.2%). 9 species of Aspergillus were isolated from hospital enviroment including A. vesicolor, A. nidulans, A. sydowii, A. circumdati groups, A. restrictus, A. oryzae, A. ochraceus, A. flocculosus, A. japonicusIn antifungal susceptibility assays, 100% strains isolated from patients were susceptible to itraconazole. The resistance rate of A. terreus, A. flavus, A. niger to amphotericin B were 94.4%, 60% and 67% respectively. Voriconazole resistance of A. terreus, A. flavus, A. niger and A. versicolor were 66.7%, 20%, 67%, and 67% respectively. The propotion of caspofungi resistance were A. terreus (11.1%), A. flavus (40%) and A. versicolor (33%). Conclusion: A. terreus was the dominant species among isolates from patients of Hue Hospital of Medicine and Pharmacy University (58.1%). The appearance of A. versicolor and A. nidulans isolates from hospital environment might impact to human health. This pilot study displayed the extreme susceptibility of Aspergillus species to itraconazole. In addition, these isolates were highly resistant to amphotericin B and voriconazole. Key words: Aspergillus spp., anti-fungal drugs resistance, antifungal susceptibility testing

scholarly journals Effects of incubation temperature, inoculum size, and time of reading on broth microdilution susceptibility test results for amphotericin B fgainst Fusarium.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Pujol ◽  
J Guarro ◽  
J Sala ◽  
M D Riba
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing for filamentous fungi remains unstandardized and is unreliable for determining adequate therapy. A study was performed to evaluate the effect of inoculum size (10(2), 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) conidia/ml), incubation time (48 and 72 h), and temperature (25, 30, and 35 degrees C) on MICs of amphotericin B for Fusarium spp. (20 strains). The inoculum size showed the clearest effect: when the inoculum was varied from 10(2) to 10(5) conidia/ml, the geometric mean MICs showed increases of between 10- and 19-fold in all the combined conditions of temperature and incubation time assayed. Time of incubation had less effect (increases of between two- and threefold in approximately half of the geometric mean MICs), and temperature especially had little effect (the increases were no higher than twofold). The effects of interaction between inoculum size and temperature on MICs were not statistically significant, while the combined effects of inoculum size and time of reading and of time of reading and temperature produced systematic variation in MICs.

scholarly journals MIC distributions for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, flucytosine and anidulafungin and 35 uncommon pathogenic yeast species from the UK determined using the CLSI broth microdilution method

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1194-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Borman ◽  
Julian Muller ◽  
Jo Walsh-Quantick ◽  
Adrien Szekely ◽  
Zoe Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Epidemiological cut-off values and clinical interpretive breakpoints have been developed for a number of antifungal agents with the most common Candida species that account for the majority of infections due to pathogenic yeasts species. However, less-common species, for which susceptibility data are limited, are increasingly reported in high-risk patients and breakthrough infections. Methods The UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory performs routine antifungal susceptibility testing of clinical yeast isolates submitted from across the UK. Between 2002 and 2016, &gt;32 000 isolates representing 94 different yeast species were referred to the laboratory. Here we present antifungal susceptibility profiles generated over this period for amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, anidulafungin and flucytosine against 35 species of uncommon yeast using CLSI methodologies. MIC data were interpreted against epidemiological cut-off values and clinical breakpoints developed with Candida albicans, in order to identify species with unusually skewed MIC distributions that potentially indicate resistance. Results Potential resistance to at least one antifungal agent (&gt;10% of isolates with MICs greater than the epidemiological cut-off or clinical breakpoint) was evidenced for 29/35 species examined here. Four species exhibited elevated MICs with all of the triazole antifungal drugs against which they were tested, and 21 species exhibited antifungal resistance to agents from at least two different classes of antifungal agent. Conclusions This study highlights a number of yeast species with unusual MIC distributions and provides data to aid clinicians in deciding which antifungal regimens may be appropriate when confronted with infections with rarer yeasts.

scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility of 596 Aspergillus fumigatus Strains Isolated from Outdoor Air, Hospital Air, and Clinical Samples: Analysis by Site of Isolation

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3495-3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guinea ◽  
T. Peláez ◽  
L. Alcalá ◽  
M. J. Ruiz-Serrano ◽  
E. Bouza
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Outdoor Air

ABSTRACT We analyzed the activities of six antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin) against 596 Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from outdoor air, hospital air, and clinical samples. We did not find differences among the susceptibilities by site of isolation.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effects of antifungal drugs on biofilm producing Aspergillus spp. recovered from drinking water system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorulain Nazir ◽  
Abubakar Siddique ◽  
Nisar A Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Crystal Violet Assay

Abstract Aims: Biofilms formed in drinking water distribution systems serve as a continuous source of fungal infections. Biofilms are thick aggregates of adherent microorganisms including pathogenic species of fungi. Respiratory diseases and skin allergy reactions are caused by drinking water containing biofilm forming fungus and bacteria. One of the main causes of nosocomial infections and respiratory diseases in hospitals is due to the fungal biofilm formation in machines, catheters and other surgical instruments. There are some antifungal drugs which are used to control biofilm formation to minimize the infection rate. Methodology and results: The present study was conducted to isolate and identify Aspergillus species which are the main fungal spp. responsible for the biofilm formation in drinking water and to check their antifungal susceptibility against antifungal drugs. The isolated fungal samples from drinking water were cultivated on Potato dextrose agar for the isolation of Aspergillus species. Isolated Aspergillus species were identified on the basis of cultural, morphological and microscopic examination. Then in-vitro ability of biofilm produced by isolated Aspergillus species was estimated using microtitre plate method and quantification by crystal violet assay. Antifungal susceptibility testing against isolated fungal spp. was done by antifungal drug Amphotericin B.Results: From results, it is concluded that drinking water of labs, hospitals and common water chillers were more prevelant by Aspergillus species whereas water from reverse osmosis plants showed negative results. From microtitre plate method and crystal violet assay, it was concluded that Aspergillus spp. are Susceptible against Amphotericin B drug as compared to miconazole.

scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility of Non-albicans Candida Species in A Tertiary Care Hospital, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Yotova Hitkova ◽  
Diana Simeonova Georgieva ◽  
Preslava Mihailova Hristova ◽  
Teodora Vasileva Marinova-Bulgaranova ◽  
Biser Kirilov Borisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
And Control

Background: Emerging non-albicans Candida (NAC) species are a major threat because of their intrinsic or acquired resistance to routinely applied antifungal agents. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to reveal in vitro activity of nine antifungal agents against NAC isolates. Methods: A total of 67 NAC (27 Candida glabrata, 10 C. tropicalis, 6 C. krusei, 6 C. parapsilosis, 4 C. lusitaniae, 4 C. lipolytica, etc.) were identified and tested. The antifungal susceptibility was estimated on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Results: Overall, 13 species were determined, of which C. glabrata was the most common (40.3%), followed by C. tropicalis (14.9%), C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis (8.9 % each). Forty-nine NAC isolates (73.13%) demonstrated decreased susceptibility to one or more antifungals, and 18 of them were resistant to all azoles. Out of 27 C. glabrata, 12 (44.4%) were resistant to fluconazole with MICs: 32 - >128 µg/mL and 15 (55.6%) were intermediate with MICs: 8 - 16 µg/mL Non-albicans Candida revealed a good susceptibility to echinocandins. Amphotericin B resistance was found in 5.97% of the isolates. Of particular interest was the detection of 6 (8.95%) multidrug-resistant NAC, which expressed resistance to azoles and echinocandins and/or amphotericin B. Conclusions: About one-fourth of the studied NAC were resistant to all azoles. These findings as well as the detection of several multidrug-resistant isolates determine the necessity of susceptibility testing of clinically important yeast isolates and control of the antifungal drugs in our hospital.

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