scholarly journals Activity of Eravacycline against Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates Collected from U.S. Veterans in 2011 in Relation to Coresistance Phenotype and Sequence Type 131 Genotype

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1888-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Stephen B. Porter ◽  
Brian D. Johnston ◽  
Paul Thuras
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Veterans Affairs Medical Centers

Eravacycline is a novel broad-spectrum fluorocycline with potent Gram-negative activity, including for multidrug-resistant strains. Among 472Escherichia coliclinical isolates from 24 Veterans Affairs medical centers (in 2011), divided equally as susceptible versus resistant to fluoroquinolones, broth microdilution eravacycline MICs were distributed unimodally, ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 μg/ml (MIC50of 0.125 μg/ml, MIC90of 0.25 μg/ml). Eravacycline MICs were ∼2-fold higher among fluoroquinolone-resistant, gentamicin-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and sequence type 131 (ST131) isolates (P< 0.01 for each comparison).

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Sequence Type 405 Escherichia coli Isolates without Clinical Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Chamieh ◽  
Rita Zgheib ◽  
Sabah El-Sawalhi ◽  
Eid Azar ◽  
Jean-Marc Rolain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Infection ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type

We present the genome sequences of two carbapenemase-producing sequence type 405 Escherichia coli clinical isolates, strains Marseille-Q1950 and Marseille-Q1951. The isolates were obtained 1 month apart during the patient’s hospitalization in Lebanon, in May (Marseille-Q1950) and June (Marseille-Q1951) 2019. The genome sizes of strains Marseille-Q1950 and Marseille-Q1951 were 5,181,515 bp and 5,213,451 bp, respectively.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Alternative Oral Antimicrobial Agents in Relation to Sequence Type ST131 Status and Coresistance Phenotype among Recent Escherichia coli Isolates from U.S. Veterans

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 4856-4860 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Sarah M. Drawz ◽  
Stephen Porter ◽  
Michael A. Kuskowski
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Veterans Affairs Medical Centers

ABSTRACTThe rising prevalence of resistance to first-line antimicrobial agents inEscherichia coli, which has paralleled the emergence ofE. colisequence type ST131, has created a need for alternative oral options for use in treating outpatients with infections such as cystitis and chronic prostatitis. Accordingly, we determined susceptibility to six alternative oral agents (azithromycin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, fosfomycin, minocycline, and rifampin) by Etest or disk diffusion for 120 recently obtainedE. coliclinical isolates from Veterans Affairs Medical Centers across the United States. Isolates were randomly selected in three subgroups of 40 isolates each based on coresistance to fluoroquinolones with and without extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Results were stratified according to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) phenotype. Overall, the prevalence of susceptible (or susceptible plus intermediate) isolates varied by agent, with rifampin being lowest (0%), fosfomycin highest (98 to 99%), and others in the mid-range (37 to 88%). Substantial proportions of isolates (15 to 27%) yielded intermediate results for azithromycin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and minocycline. Among isolates resistant (versus susceptible) to fluoroquinolones with or without ESCs, susceptibility to the above four agents declined significantly among non-ST131 isolates but not ST131 isolates. In contrast, in the presence of resistance to TMP-SMZ, susceptibility to azithromycin, doxycycline, and minocycline was significantly reduced among both ST131 and non-ST131 isolates. These findings identify potential alternative oral agents for use withE. coliisolates resistant to fluoroquinolones, ESCs, and/or TMP-SMZ and suggest that determination of ST131 status could help guide initial antimicrobial selection, pending susceptibility results.

scholarly journals NDM-5 Carbapenemase-Encoding Gene in Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli from Algeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5606-5608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Sassi ◽  
Lotfi Loucif ◽  
Sushim Kumar Gupta ◽  
Mazouz Dekhil ◽  
Houria Chettibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Blood Specimens

ABSTRACTHere, we report the first autochthonous cases of infections caused byblaNDM-5New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producingEscherichia colistrains recovered from urine and blood specimens of three patients from Algeria between January 2012 and February 2013. The three isolates belong to sequence type 2659 and they coexpressblaCTX-M-15with theblaTEM-1andblaaadA2genes.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 and Other Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli from Clinical Stool Samples from Veterans

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 4638-4645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhanad Mohamed ◽  
Connie Clabots ◽  
Stephen B. Porter ◽  
Paul Thuras ◽  
James R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Stool Samples

ABSTRACTEmerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), includingEscherichia colisequence type 131 (ST131) and its resistance-associatedH30 subclone, constitute an ever-growing public health threat. Their reservoirs and transmission pathways are incompletely defined. To assess diarrheal stools as a potential reservoir for ST131-H30 and other MDR GNB, we cultured 100 clinical stool samples from a Veterans Affairs Medical Center clinical laboratory (October to December 2011) for fluoroquinolone- and extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistantE. coliand other GNB, plus totalE. coli. We then characterized selected resistant and susceptibleE. coliisolates by clonal group, phylogenetic group, virulence genotype, and pulsotype and screened all isolates for antimicrobial resistance. Overall, 79 of 100 stool samples yielded GNB (52E. coli; 48 other GNB). Fifteen samples yielded fluoroquinolone-resistantE. coli(10 were ST131, of which 9 wereH30), 6 yielded ESC-resistantE. coli(2 were ST131, both non-H30), and 31 yielded susceptibleE. coli(1 was ST131, non-H30), for 13 total ST131-positive samples. Fourteen non-E. coliGNB were ESC resistant, and three were fluoroquinolone resistant. Regardless of species, almost half (46%) of the fluoroquinolone-resistant and/or ESC-resistant non-E. coliGNB were resistant to at least three drug classes. Fecal ST131 isolates closely resembled reference clinical ST131 isolates according to virulence genotypes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. Thus, a substantial minority (30%) of veterans with diarrhea who undergo stool testing excrete antibiotic-resistant GNB, includingE. coliST131. Consequently, diarrhea may pose transmission risks for more than just diarrheal pathogens and may help disseminate clinically relevant ST131 strains and other MDR GNB within hospitals and the community.

scholarly journals Occurrence of blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M, and mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae from Well Water in Rural China

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Sun ◽  
Zhenwang Bi ◽  
Maud Nilsson ◽  
Beiwen Zheng ◽  
Björn Berglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACT We report on the coexistence of mcr-1 and bla CTX-M in multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli belonging to the sequence type 10 complex isolated from well water in rural China. Raoultella ornithinolytica with bla KPC-2 was also detected in well water from the same area. This study shows that genes coding for resistance to last-resort antibiotics are present in wells in rural China, indicating a potential source of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous and Flexible Transmission ofmcr-1in Hospital-AssociatedEscherichia coli

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbo Shen ◽  
Zuowei Wu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Hong-Wei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTThe recent emergence of a transferable colistin resistance mechanism, MCR-1, has gained global attention because of its threat to clinical treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the possible transmission route ofmcr-1amongEnterobacteriaceaespecies in clinical settings is largely unknown. Here, we present a comprehensive genomic analysis ofEscherichia coliisolates collected in a hospital in Hangzhou, China. We found thatmcr-1-carrying isolates from clinical infections and feces of inpatients and healthy volunteers were genetically diverse and were not closely related phylogenetically, suggesting that clonal expansion is not involved in the spread ofmcr-1. Themcr-1gene was found on either chromosomes or plasmids, but in most of theE. coliisolates,mcr-1was carried on plasmids. The genetic context of the plasmids showed considerable diversity as evidenced by the different functional insertion sequence (IS) elements, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems, heavy metal resistance determinants, and Rep proteins of broad-host-range plasmids. Additionally, the genomic analysis revealed nosocomial transmission ofmcr-1and the coexistence ofmcr-1with other genes encoding β-lactamases and fluoroquinolone resistance in theE. coliisolates. These findings indicate thatmcr-1is heterogeneously disseminated in both commensal and pathogenic strains ofE. coli, suggest the high flexibility of this gene in its association with diverse genetic backgrounds of the hosts, and provide new insights into the genome epidemiology ofmcr-1among hospital-associatedE. colistrains.IMPORTANCEColistin represents one of the very few available drugs for treating infections caused by extensively multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The recently emergentmcr-1colistin resistance gene threatens the clinical utility of colistin and has gained global attention. Howmcr-1spreads in hospital settings remains unknown and was investigated by whole-genome sequencing ofmcr-1-carryingEscherichia coliin this study. The findings revealed extraordinary flexibility ofmcr-1in its spread among genetically diverseE. colihosts and plasmids, nosocomial transmission ofmcr-1-carryingE. coli, and the continuous emergence of novel Inc types of plasmids carryingmcr-1and newmcr-1variants. Additionally,mcr-1was found to be frequently associated with other genes encoding β-lactams and fluoroquinolone resistance. These findings provide important information on the transmission and epidemiology ofmcr-1and are of significant public health importance as the information is expected to facilitate the control of this significant antibiotic resistance threat.

scholarly journals Inactivation of the Pseudomonas -Derived Cephalosporinase-3 (PDC-3) by Relebactam

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D. Barnes ◽  
Christopher R. Bethel ◽  
Jim Alsop ◽  
Scott A. Becka ◽  
Joseph D. Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prevalent and life-threatening Gram-negative pathogen. Pseudomonas -derived cephlosporinase (PDC) is the major inducible cephalosporinase in P. aeruginosa . In this investigation, we show that relebactam, a diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitor, potently inactivates PDC-3, with a k 2 / K of 41,400 M −1 s −1 and a k off of 0.00095 s −1 . Relebactam restored susceptibility to imipenem in 62% of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, while only 21% of isolates were susceptible to imipenem-cilastatin alone. Relebactam promises to increase the efficacy of imipenem-cilastatin against P. aeruginosa .

scholarly journals Synergistic Activity of Colistin-Containing Combinations against Colistin-ResistantEnterobacteriaceae

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Brennan-Krohn ◽  
Alejandro Pironti ◽  
James E. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Bacterial Outer Membrane ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Synergistic Combinations

ABSTRACTResistance to colistin, a polypeptide drug used as an agent of last resort for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceae(CRE), severely limits treatment options and may even transform an XDR organism into one that is pan-resistant. We investigated the synergistic activity of colistin in combination with 19 antibiotics against a collection of 20 colistin-resistantEnterobacteriaceaeisolates, 15 of which were also CRE. All combinations were tested against all strains using an inkjet printer-assisted digital dispensing checkerboard array, and the activities of those that demonstrated synergy by this method were evaluated against a single isolate in a time-kill synergy study. Eighteen of 19 combinations demonstrated synergy against two or more isolates, and the 4 most highly synergistic combinations (colistin combined with linezolid, rifampin, azithromycin, and fusidic acid) were synergistic against ≥90% of strains. Sixteen of 18 combinations (88.9%) that were synergistic in the checkerboard array were also synergistic in a time-kill study. Our findings demonstrate that colistin in combination with a range of antibiotics, particularly protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors, exhibits synergy against colistin-resistant strains, suggesting that colistin may exert a subinhibitory permeabilizing effect on the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane even in isolates that are resistant to it. These findings suggest that colistin combination therapy may have promise as a treatment approach for patients infected with colistin-resistant XDR Gram-negative pathogens.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Account of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 in Wastewater Reveals an Abundance of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clade A Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Finn ◽  
Lena Scriver ◽  
Linh Lam ◽  
Mai Duong ◽  
Gisele Peirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
International Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT In the ten years since its discovery, the Escherichia coli clone sequence type 131 (ST131) has become a major international health threat, with the multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing clade C emerging as the globally dominant form. ST131 has previously been isolated from wastewater; however, most of these studies selectively screened for ESBL-producing organisms, thereby missing the majority of remaining ST131 clades. In this study, we used a high-throughput PCR-based screening strategy to comprehensively examine wastewater for the presence of ST131 over a 1-year period. Additional multiplex PCRs were used to differentiate clades and obtain an unbiased account of the total ST131 population structure within the collection. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of all ST131-positive samples were tested against a range of commonly used antibiotics. From a total of over 3,762 E. coli wastewater samples, 1.86% (n = 70) tested positive for ST131, with the majority being clade A isolates. In total, 63% (n = 44) were clade A, 29% (n = 20) were clade B, 1% (n = 1) were clade C0, 6% (n = 4) were clade C1, and 1% (n = 1) were clade C2. In addition, a very high rate of resistance to commonly used antibiotics among wastewater isolates is reported, with 72.7% (n = 32) of clade A resistant to ciprofloxacin and high rates of resistance to gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline in clades that are typically sensitive to antibiotics. IMPORTANCE ST131 is a global pathogen. This clone causes urinary tract infections and is frequently isolated from human sources. However, little is known about ST131 from environmental sources. With the widely reported increase in antibiotic concentrations found in wastewater, there is additional selection pressure for the emergence of antibiotic-resistant ST131 in this niche. The unbiased screening approach reported herein revealed that previously antibiotic-sensitive lineages of ST131 are now resistant to commonly used antibiotics present in wastewater systems and may be capable of surviving UV sterilization. This is the most comprehensive account of ST131 in the wastewater niche to date and an important step in better understanding the ecology of this global pathogen.

scholarly journals Detection of an Escherichia coli Sequence Type 167 Strain with Two Tandem Copies ofblaNDM-1in the Chromosome

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Shen ◽  
Maoli Yi ◽  
Ying Fu ◽  
Zhi Ruan ◽  
Xiaoxing Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Reference Genomes

ABSTRACTNew Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producingEnterobacteriaceaehas disseminated rapidly throughout the world and poses an urgent threat to public health. Previous studies confirmed that theblaNDM-1gene is typically carried in plasmids but rarely in chromosome. We discovered a multidrug-resistantEscherichia colistrain Y5, originating from a urine sample and containing theblaNDM-1gene, which did not transfer by either conjugation or electrotransformation. We confirmed the possibility of its chromosome location by S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and XbaI-PFGE, followed by Southern blotting. To determine the genomic background ofblaNDM-1, the genome of Y5 was completely sequenced and compared to other reference genomes. The results of our study revealed that this isolate consists of a 4.8-Mbp chromosome and three plasmids, it is an epidemic clone of sequence type (ST) 167, and it shows 99% identity withEscherichia coli6409 (GenBank accession no.CP010371), which lacks the sameblaNDM-1gene-surrounding structure as Y5. TheblaNDM-1gene is embedded in the chromosome along with two tandem copies of an insertion sequence common region 1 (ISCR1) element (sul1-ARR-3-cat-blaNDM-1-bleo-ISCR1), which appears intact in the plasmid fromProteus mirabilis(GenBank accession no.KP662515). The genomic context indicates that the ISCR1element mediated theblaNDM-1transposition from a single source plasmid to the chromosome. Our study is the first report of anEnterobacteriaceaestrain harboring a chromosomally integratedblaNDM-1, which directly reveals the vertical spreading pattern of the gene. Close surveillance is urgently needed to monitor the emergence and potential spread of ST167 strains that harborblaNDM-1.

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