scholarly journals Rhizobium etli USDA9032 Engineered To Produce a Phenazine Antibiotic Inhibits the Growth of Fungal Pathogens but Is Impaired in Symbiotic Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari B. Krishnan ◽  
Beom Ryong Kang ◽  
Ammulu Hari Krishnan ◽  
Kil Yong Kim ◽  
Young Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Rhizobium Etli ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Phenazine Production

ABSTRACT Phenazine production was engineered in Rhizobium etli USDA9032 by the introduction of the phz locus of Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. Phenazine-producing R. etli was able to inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. Black bean inoculated with phenazine-producing R. etli produced brownish Fix− nodules.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Saponins from the Fruit Pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi against Venturia inaequalis and Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska M. Porsche ◽  
Daniel Molitor ◽  
Marco Beyer ◽  
Sophie Charton ◽  
Christelle André ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Pericarp

The antifungal activity of an aqueous extract (AE) and the solid fraction of a chloroform-methanol fruit pericarp extract (CME) of Sapindus mukorossi resolved in water was tested for the first time against Venturia inaequalis and Botrytis cinerea—two important fungal pathogens worldwide. In the greenhouse, a CME (1% vol/vol) spray significantly reduced V. inaequalis symptoms and sporulation (99%) on apple seedling leaves (P ≤ 0.05). In field trials, applications of AE (1% vol/vol) reduced the disease severity of B. cinerea on grape, on average, by 63%. Extracts were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography and the bioefficacy of the fractions was tested in vitro. Some components of the most fungicidal fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry as saponins: sapindoside B (accounting for ≥98% of the total constituents), hederagenin-pentosylhexoside, and oleanolic acid-hexosyl-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside. This fraction inhibited the mycelial growth of V. inaequalis and B. cinerea by 45 and 43%, respectively.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of saponins originated from Medicago hybrida against some ornamental plant pathogens

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska ◽  
Anna Jarecka ◽  
Zbigniew Biały ◽  
Marian Jurzysta
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Medicagenic Acid ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

Antifungal activity of total saponins originated from roots of <i>Medicago hybrida</i> (Pourret) Trautv. were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> against six pathogenic fungi and eight individual major saponin glycosides were tested against one of the most susceptible fungi. The total saponins showed fungitoxic effect at all investigated concentrations (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) but their potency was different for individual fungi. The highest saponin concentration (0.1%) was the most effective and the inhibition of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>callistephi</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Botrytis tulipae</i>, <i>Phoma narcissi</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>narcissi</i> was 84.4%, 69.9%, 68.6%, 57.2%, 55.0%, respectively. While <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Schlecht., a pathogen of <i>Muscari armeniacum</i>, was inhibited by 9.5% only. Eight major saponin glycosides isolated from the total saponins of <i>M. hybrida</i> roots were tested against the mycelium growth of <i>Botrytis tulipae</i>. The mycelium growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited by hederagenin 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside. Medicagenic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid 3-O-[<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-<i>α</i>-L-galactopyranosyl]-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside showed low fungitoxic activity. Medicagenic acid 3-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl- 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hederagenin 3-O-[α-L- hamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]- 28-O-α-D-glucopyranoside and hederagenin 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D- lucopyranoside did not limit or only slightly inhibited growth of the tested pathogen. While 2<i>β</i>, 3<i>β</i>-dihydroxyolean-12 ene-23-al-28-oic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside slightly stimulated mycelium growth of <i>B. tulipae</i>.

scholarly journals Fusarium oxysporum (F221-B) as biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro and in hydroponics

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongkamngam Titi ◽  
Jaenaksorn Tanimnun
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Further Development

Efficacy of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum (F221-B) was assessed as a possible biocontrol agent against fungal pathogens, namely Curvularia lunata (C11, C12), F. semitectum (F113), F. oxysporum f.sp. lactucae (F221-R, F442-G), Rhizoctonia solani (R11, R12), Rhizoctonia sp. (R111, R112, R113) in vitro, while F221-B showed a moderate ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of tested fungi about 36–56%. Then, F221-B was further evaluated for its ability of controlling lettuce root rot and wilt caused by F442-G in hydroponics. It was revealed that F221-B reduced disease incidence and severity about 60–80% compared to the inoculated control and significantly promoted the growth of 3 lettuce varieties. Interestingly, using only F221-B gave the significantly highest fresh weight (twice over the healthy control). Conclusively, this study provides an important suggestion for further development of F221-B since it showed the ability of biocontrol agent and plant growth promoting fungus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Potential of Agro-Industrial Waste-Based Composts to Control Botrytis Gray Mold and Soilborne Fungal Diseases in Lettuce

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
Cátia Santos ◽  
Joana Monte ◽  
Natália Vilaça ◽  
João Fonseca ◽  
Henrique Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Composts are widely used in horticulture as organic amendments to improve the properties of soils. Composts have also been reported to enhance the disease suppressive potential of soils and, therefore, could be used as a strategy for managing plant diseases. The aim of this study was to test the ability of soils amended with four different agro-industrial waste-based composts (chestnut peels and shells, spent coffee grounds, grape marc, and olive leaves) to inhibit the growth and activity of Botrytis cinerea and several soilborne pathogens. First, the capacity of aqueous compost extracts to inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea and five soilborne fungi was evaluated in vitro using a broth macrodilution method. Second, lettuce plants were grown on soils amended with composts and inoculated either with B. cinerea or the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahl isolated from lamb’s lettuce. The determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations indicated that none of the composts inhibited the mycelium growth of the selected fungal pathogens. However, the pathogens did not cause any damage on plants grown on the chestnut- and olive-based composts. Lettuce yields were also highest for plants grown with composts made from chestnut and olive, irrespective of the amount of compost incorporated into soils (5% or 10%, weight basis). The grape-based compost also exhibited a fertilization effect, although the effect was associated with increased Fusarium wilt severity. Both N immobilization and symbiosis with the compost’s microflora were used to explain the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum Schlechtendahl in response to amendment with composts made from grape and coffee wastes. The beneficial effects of the chestnut- and olive-based composts reported in this study could be exploited in strategies aimed at reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides for the control of fungi in lettuce cultivation.

scholarly journals Postharvest Treatments with Three Yeast Strains and Their Combinations to Control Botrytis cinerea of Snap Beans

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2736
Author(s):  
Mingfang Feng ◽  
You Lv ◽  
Tiantian Li ◽  
Xinmao Li ◽  
Jiayin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Cryptococcus Albidus ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Yeast Strains

Three yeast strains, namely Cryptococcus albidus (Ca63), Cryptococcus albidus (Ca64), and Candida parapsilosis (Yett1006), and their combinations, including single yeast agent, two combined yeast strains, single yeast agent + NaHCO3, single yeast agent + chitosan, single yeast agent + ascorbic acid, and single yeast agent + konjac powder, were evaluated for their activity against Botrytis cinerea, the most economically important fungal pathogens causing postharvest disease of snap beans. In in vitro tests, no inhibition zone was observed in dual cultures of three yeast strains and B. cinerea. The mycelial growth inhibition rates of B. cinerea for Ca63, Ca64, and Yett1006 were 97%, 95%, and 97%, respectively. In in vivo tests, the optimal combination of the lowest disease index of snap beans with B. cinerea was Ca63 + Ca64, with a preventing effect of 75%. The decay rate and rust spots index of Ca64 + ascorbic acid combination were 25% and 20%, respectively, which were the lowest. The activities of defense-related enzymes increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was suppressed in snap beans after different treatments. Our results highlight the potential of the three yeast strains and their combinations as new nonpolluting agents for the integrated control of B. cinerea on snap beans.

HONGOS FITOPATÓGENOS MODULAN LA EXPRESIÓN DE LOS GENES ANTIMICROBIANOS phlD Y hcnC DE LA RIZOBACTERIA Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270

Biotecnia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Julie E. Hernández-Salmerón ◽  
Benjamín R. Hernández-Flores ◽  
Ma del Carmen Rocha-Granados ◽  
Pedro D. Loeza- Lara ◽  
Gustavo Santoyo
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fusarium Solani

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto antagónico de la rizobacteria promotora del crecimiento vegetal Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270 hacia los hongos fitopatógenos Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani y Rhizoctonia solani. También, se determinó la expresión de los genes phlD y hcnC de la cepa UM270 en presencia de los fitopatógenos durante bioensayos de antagonismo in vitro. Los resultados muestran que la cepa UM270 logra inhibir el crecimiento del micelio de B. cinerea (45%), F. solani (25%) y R. solani (24%) en diferente grado, mientras que para F. oxysporum (1%) no hubo inhibición significativa. Al analizar la expresión del gen phlD, se observó que los patógenos la modulan diferencialmente, ya que mientras B. cinerea induce su expresión, los demás patógenos la reprimen . En el caso del gen hcnC, B. cinerea y F. oxysporum no afectaron su expresión, mientras que F. solani y R. solani la inhibieron. Estos resultados sugieren que los fitopatógenos pueden modular la expresión de genes importantes para la síntesis de compuestos antimicrobianos en Pseudomonas fluoresces UM270.

Postharvest Control of Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructigena in Apples by Gamma Irradiation Combined with Fumigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1410-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
WONSU CHEON ◽  
YOUNG SOO KIM ◽  
KOTNALA BALARAJU ◽  
BONG-SU KIM ◽  
BYEONG-HO LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACTTo extend the shelf life of apples in South Korea, we evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation alone or gamma irradiation combined with fumigation on the control of postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructigena. An irradiation dose of 1.0 kGy caused the maximal inhibition of B. cinerea and M. fructigena spore germination. The gamma irradiation dose required to reduce the spore germination by 90% was 0.76 and 0.78 kGy for B. cinerea and M. fructigena, respectively. Inhibition of conidial germination of both fungal pathogens occurred at a greater level at the doses of 0.2 to 1.0 kGy compared with the nontreated control; 0.2 kGy caused 90.5 and 73.9% inhibition of B. cinerea and M. fructigena, respectively. Treatment in vitro with the ecofriendly fumigant ethanedinitrile had a greater effect compared with the nontreated control. The in vitro antifungal effects of the gamma irradiation and fumigation treatments allowed us to further study the effects of the combined treatments. Interestingly, when irradiation was combined with fumigation, the percentage of disease inhibition increased more at lower (&lt;0.4 kGy) than at higher doses of irradiation, suggesting that the combined treatments reduced the necessary irradiation dose in phytosanitary irradiation processing under storage conditions.

scholarly journals ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICÓTICA in vitro DE ERISOVINA

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-330
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ibarra-Estrada ◽  
Rocío Téllez-Morales ◽  
Marcos Soto-Hernández ◽  
Mariano Martínez-Vázquez ◽  
Rosario García-Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Penicillium Sp

Varios alcaloides del género Erythrina presentan actividad farmacológica que parece estar asociada con la amina terciaria espiroamina. E. americana sintetiza erisovina, alcaloide tóxico con una D L50 de 25.23 mg kg-1 contra ratas ‘Winstar’, y que no ha sido probado como agente biocida contra microorganismos. En este estudio se investigó la actividad antimicótica de la erisovina, aislada de semillas maduras de E. americana en los hongos fitopatógenos Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Monilia fructicola, Penicillium sp. y Trichoderma harzianum mediante el método de difusión de disco de papel. B. cinerea, F. oxysporum y M. fructicola presentaron la mayor susceptibilidad a la erisovina, ya que una dosis de 8 mg mL-1 inhibió el crecimiento del micelio en 88, 57 y 43 %, valores superiores al testigo tratado con dimetilsulfóxido. A. solani, Penicillium sp. y T. harzianum, tuvieron diámetros de inhibición apenas 27 % mayores que el testigo.

scholarly journals CMSERK GENE IS EXPRESSED IN RESPONSE TO THE ATTACK OF PATHOGEN FUNGI COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM AND BOTRYTIS CINEREA

AXIOMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (24) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Augusta Yadira Cueva Agila
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Central America ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Fungal Attack ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
In Vitro Inoculation ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

The genus Cattleya groups orchids originate in tropical zones of South and Central America. One of the most representative species of ornamental importance is Cattleya maxima Lindl. In this study the fungal pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea were isolated and their pathogenicity was determined by in vitro inoculation of Cattleya maxima. Pathogenicity tests resulted positive for infection with C. acutatum after seven days of inoculation while as for B. cinerea the symptoms of infection appeared after two days.  Quantitative PCR revealed that CmSERK gene is more expressed in tissue under fungal attack. These results suggest that CmSERK gene plays an important role in the activation of defense-related responses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document