scholarly journals Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Species Infecting Fur-Bearing Mammals Differ from Those of Species Infecting Humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7574-7577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Ronald Fayer ◽  
James M. Trout ◽  
Una M. Ryan ◽  
Frank W. Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Significant Public Health

ABSTRACT Of 471 specimens examined from foxes, raccoons, muskrats, otters, and beavers living in wetlands adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay, 36 were positive for five types of Cryptosporidium, including the C. canis dog and fox genotypes, Cryptosporidium muskrat genotypes I and II, and Cryptosporidium skunk genotype. Thus, fur-bearing mammals in watersheds excreted host-adapted Cryptosporidium oocysts that are not known to be of significant public health importance.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Zika Virus by Photoactive Iodonaphthyl Azide Preserves Immunogenic Potential of the Virus

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Austin ◽  
Galasso ◽  
Nickens ◽  
Knollmann-Ritschel ◽  
Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Significant Public Health

Zika virus’s (ZIKV) emergence as a pathogen of significant public health importance has accelerated efforts to develop a ZIKV vaccine. To date, the need for an effective ZIKV vaccine is unmet. In this study, we report inactivation of ZIKV using a hydrophobic photoactive compound: 1, 5 iodonaphthyl azide (INA). 50 and 100 µM of INA completely inactivated ZIKV (INA-ZIKV). Western blot and ELISA analysis show some loss of the binding capacity of INA-iZIKV to anti-ZIKV monoclonal antibodies; however, immunization of mice with INA-iZIKV demonstrated seroconversion and ZIKV-neutralizing antibody response. RNA isolated from INA-iZIKV did not induce productive infection in Vero cells, suggesting inactivation of ZIKV RNA. These results suggest that in the absence of an approved ZIKV vaccine, INA-iZIKV can be pursued as a viable ZIKV vaccine candidate.

scholarly journals Effect of climate change on spatial distribution of scorpions of significant public health importance in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
AhmadAli Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Javad Rafinejad ◽  
Mehran Shahi ◽  
Shahrokh Navidpour ◽  
Elham Jahanifard
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Significant Public Health

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension according to JNC 7 and ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ashfikur Rahman ◽  
Henry Ratul Halder ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Joint National Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractMost studies either followed Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7) or World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) guidelines to ascertain the prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) revised the definition of hypertension in 2017, which has significant public health importance. In Bangladesh, the new guideline has resulted changes in prevalence and risk factors for hypertension compared to the JNC7 guideline. This study used data from the most recent round (2017–2018) of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the participants were categorized as hypertensive if they had blood pressure (BP) ≥ 130/80 mmHg, but it was ≥ 140/90 mmHg in JNC 7 guideline. A total of 11,959 participants were involved in the analysis. The median (IQR) age of the respondents was 34.0 (18.0–95.0) years. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.0% according to the JNC 7 guideline, which was 50.5% according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Participants who were overweight and obese, aged, member of affluent households, Rangpur and Rajshahi division inhabitants had significantly higher odds of being hypertensive according to both guidelines. The new guideline suggests that half of the adult population in Bangladesh is hypertensive when measured according to the new guideline, urging the policymakers and public health practitioners to take immediate action to address the already established modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B (dT+) and Heidelberg Strains from the Colombian Poultry Chain: TABLE 1 

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Donado-Godoy ◽  
Johan F. Bernal ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez ◽  
Yolanda Gomez ◽  
Richa Agarwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Paratyphi B

Salmonella enterica is a pathogen of significant public health importance that is frequently associated with foodborne illness. We report the whole-genome sequences of four multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B and Heidelberg strains, isolated from the Colombian poultry chain. The isolates contain a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes for aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim.

scholarly journals Etiology, Pathology, and Classification of Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 065-071
Author(s):  
Srishti Nayak ◽  
Balaji Natarajan ◽  
Ramdas G. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Care Costs

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a disorganized tachyarrhythmia with significant public health importance due to high morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. Incidence rate of AF is on the rise and there are several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that are responsible. Exact mechanisms and pathogenesis of AF are still poorly understood, yet they still have great implications in management. The aim of this article is to summarize the epidemiology, major risk factors, and their role in the pathogenesis of AF. Finally, we have reviewed the classification of AF as per professional society guidelines.

scholarly journals Oropouche virus: poised for headlines?

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Natasha Louise TilstonLunel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South America ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Public Health

Oropouche virus (OROV) is a midge-borne human pathogen that causes periodic outbreaks of a flulike illness predominately in the Northern parts of Brazil. However, despite its significant public health importance in Central and South America the virus remains rather obscure to the rest of the world.

Identifying changes in trends in the age standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hille
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Piecewise Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Males And Females

ObjectiveTo identify changes in the linear trend of the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia for all persons, males, and females. MethodsA two-piece piecewise linear regression was fitted to the data. The piecewise breakpoint varied through an iterative process to determine the model that best fits the data.ResultsStatistically significant changes in the trendof the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia were found for all persons, males, and females. The optimal breakpoint for all persons and males was at 1998. For females, the optimal breakpoint was at 2005. The trend after these breakpoints was flatter than prior to the breakpoints, but still positive.ConclusionMelanoma is a significant public health issue in Australia. Overall incidence continues to increase. However, the rate at which the incidence is increasing appears to be decreasing.

An Overview of Gambling in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Sanju George ◽  
Jessy Fenn ◽  
Kripa Robonderdeep
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The World

Gambling is a popular pastime in India, as in most cultures across the world. Although research from India is limited, there is enough evidence to suggest that it should be of public health importance. In this brief paper, we look at the evolution of gambling in India and also discuss potential ways forward to address this issue.

Fidelity and Its Relationship to Implementation Effectiveness, Adaptation, and Dissemination

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Allen ◽  
Rachel C. Shelton ◽  
Karen M. Emmons ◽  
Laura A. Linnan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Research Continuum

There is substantial variability in the implementation of evidence-based interventions across the United States, which leads to inconsistent access to evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies at a population level. Increased dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions could result in significant public health gains. While the availability of evidence-based interventions is increasing, study of implementation, adaptation, and dissemination has only recently gained attention in public health. To date, insufficient attention has been given to the issue of fidelity. Consideration of fidelity is necessary to balance the need for internal and external validity across the research continuum. There is also a need for a more robust literature to increase knowledge about factors that influence fidelity, strategies for maximizing fidelity, methods for measuring and analyzing fidelity, and examining sources of variability in implementation fidelity.

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