Effect of climate change on spatial distribution of scorpions of significant public health importance in Iran

ABSTRACT Of 471 specimens examined from foxes, raccoons, muskrats, otters, and beavers living in wetlands adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay, 36 were positive for five types of Cryptosporidium, including the C. canis dog and fox genotypes, Cryptosporidium muskrat genotypes I and II, and Cryptosporidium skunk genotype. Thus, fur-bearing mammals in watersheds excreted host-adapted Cryptosporidium oocysts that are not known to be of significant public health importance.

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Inactivation of Zika Virus by Photoactive Iodonaphthyl Azide Preserves Immunogenic Potential of the Virus

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8040188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Austin ◽

Galasso ◽

Nickens ◽

Knollmann-Ritschel ◽

Sharma

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Antibody Response ◽

Vaccine Candidate ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Productive Infection ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Significant Public Health

Zika virus’s (ZIKV) emergence as a pathogen of significant public health importance has accelerated efforts to develop a ZIKV vaccine. To date, the need for an effective ZIKV vaccine is unmet. In this study, we report inactivation of ZIKV using a hydrophobic photoactive compound: 1, 5 iodonaphthyl azide (INA). 50 and 100 µM of INA completely inactivated ZIKV (INA-ZIKV). Western blot and ELISA analysis show some loss of the binding capacity of INA-iZIKV to anti-ZIKV monoclonal antibodies; however, immunization of mice with INA-iZIKV demonstrated seroconversion and ZIKV-neutralizing antibody response. RNA isolated from INA-iZIKV did not induce productive infection in Vero cells, suggesting inactivation of ZIKV RNA. These results suggest that in the absence of an approved ZIKV vaccine, INA-iZIKV can be pursued as a viable ZIKV vaccine candidate.

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Mapping the Spatial Variability of Sexually Transmitted Infections Across Fiji Health Regions

Pacific Health ◽

10.24135/pacifichealth.v4i.50 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Michaela Sidloski ◽

Tayyab Shah ◽

Elisa Toroca

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Significant Public Health

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health problem in countries within the South Pacific, including Fiji. If untreated, curable STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis can cause infertility, adverse outcomes in pregnancy, and can increase the risk of contracting HIV in infected individuals. Methods: This research used cartographic software to map and analyze the spatial distribution of selected STIs across health regions in Fiji. Total rates of STIs, as well as the prevalence of gonorrhea and syphilis specifically, were examined for the years of 2007 and 2016 to determine how spatial distribution patterns have changed over this period, and how resources might currently be most effectively mobilized to address this public health issue. Results/Discussion: Our findings suggest that while some specific regions with high prevalence rates for 2007 and 2016 should be targeted for intervention in the short term, lack of data collecting and reporting raises concerns about the accuracy of rate estimations in non-urban areas. Conclusion: Analyzing the spatial distribution of the prevalence of STIs in a given population can better inform the development and implementation of intervention strategies at local scales, thus improving health outcomes for countries and their communities. Overall, consistent and transparent STI data collection and reporting procedures are necessary for effective long-term management and minimization of STI spread in Fiji.

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Prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension according to JNC 7 and ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines in Bangladesh

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94947-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Md. Ashfikur Rahman ◽

Henry Ratul Halder ◽

Uday Narayan Yadav ◽

Sabuj Kanti Mistry

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Adult Population ◽

Heart Association ◽

Joint National Committee ◽

World Health ◽

National Committee ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Health Organization

AbstractMost studies either followed Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7) or World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) guidelines to ascertain the prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) revised the definition of hypertension in 2017, which has significant public health importance. In Bangladesh, the new guideline has resulted changes in prevalence and risk factors for hypertension compared to the JNC7 guideline. This study used data from the most recent round (2017–2018) of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the participants were categorized as hypertensive if they had blood pressure (BP) ≥ 130/80 mmHg, but it was ≥ 140/90 mmHg in JNC 7 guideline. A total of 11,959 participants were involved in the analysis. The median (IQR) age of the respondents was 34.0 (18.0–95.0) years. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.0% according to the JNC 7 guideline, which was 50.5% according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Participants who were overweight and obese, aged, member of affluent households, Rangpur and Rajshahi division inhabitants had significantly higher odds of being hypertensive according to both guidelines. The new guideline suggests that half of the adult population in Bangladesh is hypertensive when measured according to the new guideline, urging the policymakers and public health practitioners to take immediate action to address the already established modifiable risk factors.

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Spatial Distribution of Common Pathogenic Human Intestinal Protozoa in Iran: A Systematic Review

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v50i1.5073 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi MOHEBALI ◽

Hossein KESHAVARZ ◽

Mohammad Javad ABBASZADEH AFSHAR ◽

Ahmad Ali HANAFI-BOJD ◽

Gholamreza HASSANPOUR

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

General Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Intestinal Protozoa ◽

Cryptosporidium Spp ◽

Protozoan Infections

Background: Pathogenic intestinal protozoa are considered as a serious public health problem in developing countries. This study aimed to elucidate the overall prevalence and spatial distribution of three common human pathogenic intestinal protozoan infections in Iran. Methods: Six English and Persian databases were explored for published papers on the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. in the general population of Iran from 2000 to 2015. All eligible data were collected using a pre-designed data extraction form, and the overall prevalence was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. We used ArcMap for mapping the prevalence of the studied protozoa and clustering analysis. Results: Altogether, 118 eligible papers from 24 provinces of Iran were included and analyzed. The weighted prevalence of E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. infection among Iranian general population were calculated 1.3% (95% CI 1.1-1.5%), 10.6% (95% CI 9.6-11.5%) and 2% (95% CI 1.5-2.5%), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicated human intestinal protozoan infections caused by E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. have still public health importance in some parts of Iran.

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Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B (dT+) and Heidelberg Strains from the Colombian Poultry Chain: TABLE 1

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.01265-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pilar Donado-Godoy ◽

Johan F. Bernal ◽

Fernando Rodríguez ◽

Yolanda Gomez ◽

Richa Agarwala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Foodborne Illness ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Paratyphi B

Salmonella enterica is a pathogen of significant public health importance that is frequently associated with foodborne illness. We report the whole-genome sequences of four multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B and Heidelberg strains, isolated from the Colombian poultry chain. The isolates contain a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes for aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim.

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Etiology, Pathology, and Classification of Atrial Fibrillation

International Journal of Angiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1705153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (02) ◽

pp. 065-071

Author(s):

Srishti Nayak ◽

Balaji Natarajan ◽

Ramdas G. Pai

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Health Care ◽

Health Care Costs ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Care Costs

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a disorganized tachyarrhythmia with significant public health importance due to high morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. Incidence rate of AF is on the rise and there are several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that are responsible. Exact mechanisms and pathogenesis of AF are still poorly understood, yet they still have great implications in management. The aim of this article is to summarize the epidemiology, major risk factors, and their role in the pathogenesis of AF. Finally, we have reviewed the classification of AF as per professional society guidelines.

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Oropouche virus: poised for headlines?

The Biochemist ◽

10.1042/bio03903012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Natasha Louise TilstonLunel

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

South America ◽

Human Pathogen ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

The World ◽

Significant Public Health

Oropouche virus (OROV) is a midge-borne human pathogen that causes periodic outbreaks of a flulike illness predominately in the Northern parts of Brazil. However, despite its significant public health importance in Central and South America the virus remains rather obscure to the rest of the world.

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Viral Agents of Gastroenteritis Public Health Importance and Outbreak Management

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e546112006-001 ◽

1990 ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Outbreak Management

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Identifying changes in trends in the age standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia

SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine ◽

10.25251/skin.3.4.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 250-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David M Hille

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Iterative Process ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Piecewise Linear ◽

Health Issue ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Piecewise Linear Regression ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Males And Females

ObjectiveTo identify changes in the linear trend of the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia for all persons, males, and females. MethodsA two-piece piecewise linear regression was fitted to the data. The piecewise breakpoint varied through an iterative process to determine the model that best fits the data.ResultsStatistically significant changes in the trendof the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia were found for all persons, males, and females. The optimal breakpoint for all persons and males was at 1998. For females, the optimal breakpoint was at 2005. The trend after these breakpoints was flatter than prior to the breakpoints, but still positive.ConclusionMelanoma is a significant public health issue in Australia. Overall incidence continues to increase. However, the rate at which the incidence is increasing appears to be decreasing.

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