Effect of Transport at Ambient Temperature on Detection and Isolation of Vibrio cholerae from Environmental Samples

ABSTRACT It has long been assumed that prolonged holding of environmental samples at the ambient air temperature prior to bacteriological analysis is detrimental to isolation and detection of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of pandemic cholera. The present study was aimed at understanding the effect of transporting environmental samples at the ambient air temperature on isolation and enumeration of V. cholerae. For water and plankton samples held at ambient temperatures ranging from 31°C to 35°C for 20 h, the total counts did not increase significantly but the number of culturable V. cholerae increased significantly compared to samples processed within 1 h of collection, as measured by culture, acridine orange direct count, direct fluorescent-antibody-direct viable count (DFA-DVC), and multiplex PCR analyses. For total coliform counts, total bacterial counts, and DFA-DVC counts, the numbers did not increase significantly, but the culturable plate counts for V. cholerae increased significantly after samples were held at the ambient temperature during transport to the laboratory for analysis. An increase in the recovery of V. cholerae O1 and improved detection of V. cholerae O1 rfb and ctxA also occurred when samples were enriched after they were kept for 20 h at the ambient temperature during transport. Improved detection and isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae from freshwater ecosystems can be achieved by holding samples at the ambient temperature, an observation that has significant implications for tracking this pathogen in diverse aquatic environments.

Download Full-text

Impact of ambient air temperature on human health in India

Reviews on Environmental Health ◽

10.1515/reveh-2018-0024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 433-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Harshal R. Salve ◽

Raghavan Parthasarathy ◽

Anand Krishnan ◽

D.R. Pattanaik

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Standard Data ◽

Ambient Air Temperature ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Integrated Response ◽

Public Health Practitioners ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract A systematic search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Indmed and Mausam for articles on the effect of ambient temperature on health. Relevant data were extracted using a standard data abstraction form by two authors independently. The overall effects of ambient air temperature are reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on mortality. Of 812 records identified, only seven were included in the final review as per pre-defined criteria. An increase in the all-cause mortality rate of 41% are reported during a heat wave in India. Risk ratios for all-cause mortality was in the range of 1.7–2.1. The dose-response relationship of ambient temperature and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases are been reported. Current evidence on the effect of ambient temperature and health is sufficient to initiate an integrated response from policy makers, climate scientists and public health practitioners in India. Continued advocacy and generation of more robust evidence is needed.

Download Full-text

Ambient Temperature Effects on Tire Rolling Loss

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3535849 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 1113-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. J. Schuring ◽

G. L. Hall

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Heat Generation ◽

Temperature Effects ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Body Part ◽

Thermal System ◽

Unit Distance ◽

Ambient Air Temperature

Abstract The temperature of the ambient air surrounding an operating tire is an important component of the complex thermal system producing rolling loss. Rolling loss is defined as the amount of heat generated by the rolling tire per unit distance. Figure 1 indicates that part of this heat is conducted and stored within the tire body, part is dissipated at the tire surface. The dissipated heat is directly affected by the temperature of the ambient air. Since all heat modes are interactive, the ambient air temperature must therefore influence the heat generated by the tire and, hence, its rolling loss. Presently, relations between ambient air temperature and rolling loss can be established only through measurements; mathematical models of tire heat generation and distribution have not reached a stage where they can be easily applied.

Download Full-text

Treatment of a Municipal Leachate Under Multi-Variable Conditions

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1982.011 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 135-148

Author(s):

P.T. Wong ◽

D.S. Mavinic

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Nutrient Loading ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Ambient Air Temperature

Abstract The treatability of a municipal leachate (BOD5 = 8090 mg/L) was investigated, by aerobic biostabilization, at a nutrient loading of BOD5:N:P of 100:3.2:1.1. The first stage effluents were subsequently polished by lime-magnesium coagulation. The ranges of ambient air temperature and sludge age studied were 5° to 25°C and 5 to 20 days, respectively. In the biostabilization phase, a BOD5:N:P loading of 100:3.2:1.1 was found to be “adequate” for treatment. Organic and metal removals in the first stage units were excellent. Under all conditions investigated, except for the two units close to washout conditions (5-day sludge age units at 5° and 10°C), BOD5 and COD removals of at least 99.4 and 96.4 percent, respectively, were achieved. Similarly, removal rates for most of the metals monitored were greater than 90 percent. In general, the removal of residual contaminants was not enhanced significantly by the addition of magnesium in the lime-magnesium polishing step.

Download Full-text

Ambient Air Temperature Assisted Crystallization for Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3398

Author(s):

Yi Long ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Yongli Zhang ◽

Wenzhe Li

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Air Temperature ◽

High Performance ◽

Defect Density ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Dark Phase ◽

High Quality ◽

Ambient Air Temperature ◽

Air Atmosphere

Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites, as alternative light absorbers for organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells, have attracted more and more attention due to their superb thermal stability for photovoltaic applications. However, the humid air instability of CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) hinders their further development. The optoelectronic properties of CsPbI2Br films are closely related to the quality of films, so preparing high-quality perovskite films is crucial for fabricating high-performance PSCs. For the first time, we demonstrate that the regulation of ambient temperature of the dry air in the glovebox is able to control the growth of CsPbI2Br crystals and further optimize the morphology of CsPbI2Br film. Through controlling the ambient air temperature assisted crystallization, high-quality CsPbI2Br films are obtained, with advantages such as larger crystalline grains, negligible crystal boundaries, absence of pinholes, lower defect density, and faster carrier mobility. Accordingly, the PSCs based on as-prepared CsPbI2Br film achieve a power conversion efficiency of 15.5% (the maximum stabilized power output of 15.02%). Moreover, the optimized CsPbI2Br films show excellent robustness against moisture and oxygen and maintain the photovoltaic dark phase after 3 h aging in an air atmosphere at room temperature and 35% relative humidity (R.H.). In comparison, the pristine films are completely converted to the yellow phase in 1.5 h.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the influence of ambient air temperature and air velocity on mortar cement durability using a forced convection solar dryer

International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation ◽

10.1108/ijbpa-08-2020-0069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Younes Bahammou ◽

Mounir Kouhila ◽

Haytem Moussaoui ◽

Hamza Lamsyehe ◽

Zakaria Tagnamas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Forced Convection ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Building Materials ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Physical Significance ◽

Drying Process ◽

Air Velocity ◽

Content Type ◽

Ambient Air Temperature

PurposeThis work aims to study the hydrothermal behavior of mortar cement toward certain environmental factors (ambient air temperature and air velocity) based on its drying kinetics data. The objective is to provide a better understanding and controlling the stability of mortar structures, which integrate the sorption phenomenon, drying process, air pressure and intrinsic characteristics. This leads to predict the comportment of mortar structures in relation with main environmental factors and minimize the risk of cracking mortar structures at an early age.Design/methodology/approachThermokinetic study was carried out in natural and forced convection solar drying at three temperatures 20, 30 and 40°C and three air velocities (1, 3 and 5 m.s-1). The empirical and semiempirical models tested successfully describe the drying kinetics of mortar. These models simulate the drying process of water absorbed by capillarity, which is the most common humidity transfer mechanism in building materials and contain parameters with physical significance, which integrate the effect of several environmental factors and intrinsic characteristics of mortar structures.FindingsThe models simulate the drying process of water absorbed by capillarity, which is the most common humidity transfer mechanism in building materials and contain parameters with physical significance, which integrate the effect of several environmental factors and intrinsic characteristics of mortar structures. The average activation energy obtained expressed the temperature effect on the mortar diffusivity. The drying constant and the diffusion coefficient can be used to predict the influence of these environmental factors on the drying behavior of various building materials and therefore on their durability.Originality/valueEvaluation of the effect of several environmental factors and intrinsic characteristics of mortar structures on their durability.

Download Full-text

Outdoor PM2.5, Ambient Air Temperature, and Asthma Symptoms in the Past 14 Days among Adults with Active Asthma

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp92 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 124 (12) ◽

pp. 1882-1890 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Maria C. Mirabelli ◽

Ambarish Vaidyanathan ◽

W. Dana Flanders ◽

Xiaoting Qin ◽

Paul Garbe

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Ambient Air ◽

The Past ◽

Asthma Symptoms ◽

Ambient Air Temperature

Download Full-text

EFFECTS OF LOW FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON FARM ANIMALS.: III. INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE ON FEED INTAKE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas58-022 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 148-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. A. MacDonald ◽

J. M. Bell

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Ambient Air Temperature ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Cent Level ◽

Friesian Cows

This report presents effects of low temperatures on the feed consumption and efficiency of milk production of six mature, lactating, Holstein-Friesian cows that were confined in stanchions for three fortnightly experimental periods during which ambient temperatures measured in degree-hours per day (d-h/day) ranged from 110 to 1152 and daily minimum ambient air temperature (DMAAT) varied from 0° to 38°F. Applying results obtained, it was calculated that as temperatures decreased, i.e., d-h/day increased from 100 to 1200 and DMAAT decreased from 40° to 0°F, average daily intakes of total dry matter, hay, and gross and digestible Calories increased approximately 6.4 lb., 5.3 lb., 13 Therms and 9 Therms, respectively. Each of these increases was statistically significant at the 1 per cent level. Reductions in temperature also decreased gross and net caloric efficiencies of milk production approximately 10 and 8.5 per cent, respectively. These decreases were significant at the 2 per cent level. No correlation was evident between crude protein utilization and temperature.Results indicated that thermal stress was not overcome adequately by supplementary hay intake alone and that appetite stimulation by low temperatures had a carry-over effect continuing at least 24 hours. For continued efficient milk production during winters where low ambient temperatures are prevalent these results suggest it is necessary to provide some form of building insulation, ambient heat and/or provide a high energy supplement to otherwise adequate production rations.

Download Full-text

Associations between ambient air temperature, low birth weight and small for gestational age in term neonates in southern Israel

Environmental Health ◽

10.1186/s12940-018-0420-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Itai Kloog ◽

Lena Novack ◽

Offer Erez ◽

Allan C. Just ◽

Raanan Raz

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Term Neonates ◽

Ambient Air Temperature

Download Full-text

Research On Solar Energy Collector With Cell Polycarbonate Absorber

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2011vol1.914 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Henriks Putāns ◽

Viktorija Zagorska ◽

Imants Ziemelis ◽

Zanis Jesko

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Heat Carrier ◽

Heat Insulation ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Experimental Examination ◽

Ambient Air Temperature ◽

Flat Plate Solar Collector

A flat plate solar collector with cell polycarbonate absorber and transparent cover has been made and its experimental investigation carried out. The collector consists of a wooden box, into which, a layer of heat insulation with a mirror film and 4 mm thick cell polycarbonate sheet, as the absorber, are placed. The coherence between collector’s efficiency, heat carrier and ambient air temperature, as well as intensity of the solar radiation and heat power in the experimental investigation has been obtained. During the experimental examination the maximum temperature of the heat carrier reached 80˚C at the intensity of solar radiation about 0.8 kW/m2 and ambient air temperature around 32˚C. The efficiency of the collector reached 33-60%, depending on the intensity of solar radiation and surrounding air temperature.

Download Full-text