scholarly journals Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Murphy Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Earth

SUMMARY The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and “leads” which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, none are used as antimicrobials. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions; Western medicine is trying to duplicate their successes. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. This review attempts to summarize the current status of botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals are also addressed. Since many of these compounds are currently available as unregulated botanical preparations and their use by the public is increasing rapidly, clinicians need to consider the consequences of patients self-medicating with these preparations.

67 Current Status and Future Prospective of the Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Dairy and Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sergio Calsamiglia ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Prado ◽  
Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren ◽  
Lorena Castillejos
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last 20 years there has been extensive in vitro research on the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rumen microbial fermentation. The main objectives have been to improve energy metabolism through a reduction in methane emissions and an increase in propionate production; and to improve protein metabolism by reducing proteolysis and deamination. While the positive results from in vitro studies has stimulated the release of commercial products based on blends of essential oils, there is limited in vivo evidence on the rumen fermentation and production performance effects. A literature search was conducted to select in vivo studies where information on rumen fermentation and animal performance was reported. For dairy cattle, we identified 37 studies of which 21 were adequate to test production performance. Ten studies reported increases and 3 decreases in milk yield. For beef cattle, we identified 20 studies with rumen fermentation profile and 22 with performance data. Average daily gain improved in 7 and decreased in 1 study. Only 1 out of 16 studies reported an improvement in feed efficiency. Data indicate that out of more than 500 products tested in vitro, only around 20 have been tested in vivo in different mixtures and doses. The use of statistical approaches will allow to describe the conditions, doses and responses in dairy and beef cattle performance. The search for postruminal effects offers another alternative use. Evidence for effects on the intestinal and systemic effects on the immune system and antioxidant status (i.e., capsicum, garlic, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde curcuma, catechins, anethol or pinene), and in the modulation of metabolic regulation (capsicum, cinnamaldehyde, curcuma or garlic) may open the opportunity for future applications. However, stability of the product in the GI tract, description of the mechanisms of action and the impact of these changes on performance needs to be further demonstrated.

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering of Muscles and Cartilages Using Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyuck Joon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Gel ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Gels ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
Functional Replacement ◽  
And Cartilage

The prevalent nature of osteoarthritis that causes the erosion of joint surfaces and loss of mobility and muscle dystrophy that weakens the musculoskeletal system and hampers locomotion underlies the importance of developing functional replacement or regeneration of muscle and cartilage tissues. Polyelectrolyte gels have high potential as cellular scaffolds due to characteristic properties similar to biological matrixes. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that polyelectrolyte gels are useful for replacement and regeneration of muscle and cartilage tissues. In addition, it was also found that polyelectrolyte gels have high biocompatibility, durability, and resistance to biodegradation. Moreover, polyelectrolyte gels can overcome their drawbacks of mechanical behavior by introducing double network into the gel. This paper reviews the current status and recent progress of polyelectrolyte gel-based tissue engineering for repairs of muscle and cartilage tissues.

scholarly journals Study of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Properties of Selected Plant Extracts for Food Preservative Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Tania Islam ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Wahidu Zzaman ◽  
Md Morsaline Billah
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Food Preservative

An attempt has been made to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of extracts from onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum), leaves of guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), tea (Camellia sinensis), baen (Avicennia alba) and keora (Sonneratia apetala), respectively to apply as natural preservatives for tomatoes. The air-dried plant materials of the respective plant species were subjected to ethanol-methanol extraction, concentrated and stored at 4 °C before use. The extracts were dissolved in 95% ethanol for analysis of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Of the extracts tested, tea extracts showed the highest zone of inhibition against several pathogenic bacteria (E. coli 35.0±3.2 mm; P. aeruginosa 29.3±2.6 mm; S. typhi 28.4±2.1 mm and S. pyogenes 27.7±3.7 mm) using the disc diffusion method. In regard to DPPH free radical scavenging assay, keora and guava extracts showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity with the values of 89.64± 0.18 and 89.39± 0.88, respectively, which were in agreement with higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of these extracts obtained by the phosphomolybdenum method. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay for cytotoxicity assessment showed LC50 of 132.54 ± 18.99 µg/mL for the leaf extract of keora which was found to be most toxic among all studied extracts. The initial results indicated that the extracts could be used for food preservative applications based on the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of the tested extracts. However, efficacy, stability and safety issues need to be addressed with both in vitro and in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Chloramphenicol Resurrected: A Journey from Antibiotic Resistance in Eye Infections to Biofilm and Ocular Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Old Drugs

The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is devastating the worth of antibiotics and changing the way of their administration, as well as the approach to use new or old drugs. The crisis of antimicrobial resistance is also due to the unavailability of newer drugs, attributable to exigent regulatory requirements and reduced financial inducements. The emerging resistance to antibiotics worldwide has led to renewed interest in old drugs that have fallen into disuse because of toxic side effects. Thus, comprehensive efforts are needed to minimize the pace of resistance by studying emergent microorganisms and optimize the use of old antimicrobial agents able to maintain their profile of susceptibility. Chloramphenicol is experiencing its renaissance because it is widely used in the treatment and prevention of superficial eye infections due to its broad spectrum of activity and other useful antimicrobial peculiarities, such as the antibiofilm properties. Concerns have been raised in the past for the risk of aplastic anemia when chloramphenicol is given intravenously. Chloramphenicol seems suitable to be used as topical eye formulation for the limited rate of resistance compared to fluoroquinolones, for its scarce induction of bacterial resistance and antibiofilm activity, and for the hypothetical low impact on ocular microbiota disturbance. Further in-vitro and in vivo studies on pharmacodynamics properties of ocular formulation of chloramphenicol, as well as its real impact against biofilm and the ocular microbiota, need to be better addressed in the near future.

A Practical Look at the Clinical Usefulness of the Beta-Lactam/Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1130-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Hart ◽  
Elaine M. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Intraabdominal Infections ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

OBJECTIVE: To aid clinicians in developing an approach to the use of intravenous beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors on a patient-specific basis. To achieve this, the pharmacology, in vitro activity, and clinical use of the intravenous beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations in the treatment of selected infections seen in hospitalized patients are discussed. DATA IDENTIFICATION: An English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1987–1995); Index Medicus (1987–1995); program and abstracts of the 32nd (1992), 33rd (1993), 34th (1994), and 35th (1995) Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; bibliographic reviews of review articles; and package inserts. STUDY SELECTION: In vitro and in vivo studies on the pharmacokinetics, microbiology, pharmacology, and clinical effectiveness of ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin/clavulanate, and piperacillin/tazobactam were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Many properties of the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations are similar. Differences in dosing, susceptibilities, and clinical applications are important considerations for clinicians. Potential roles for these agents in the clinical setting include pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, and soft tissue infections. A short discussion on susceptibility data interpretation is also presented. CONCLUSIONS: There are important differences among the available beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, such as spectra of activity, which need to be considered in choosing an agent for a patient-specific case. These products can be useful alternatives to conventional two- to three-drug regimens in mixed infections such as foot infections in patients with diabetes and hospital-acquired intraabdominal infections.

scholarly journals Curcumin against Prostate Cancer: Current Evidence

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Deborah Termini ◽  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Alina Jaglanian ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Different Cultures

Cancer is a condition characterized by remarkably enhanced rates of cell proliferation paired with evasion of cell death. These deregulated cellular processes take place following genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes, the loss of tumor suppressor genes, and the disruption of key signaling pathways that control and promote homeostasis. Plant extracts and plant-derived compounds have historically been utilized as medicinal remedies in different cultures due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Many chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer are derived from plants, and the scientific interest in discovering plant-derived chemicals with anticancer potential continues today. Curcumin, a turmeric-derived polyphenol, has been reported to possess antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties. In the present review, we summarize all the in vitro and in vivo studies examining the effects of curcumin in prostate cancer.

Interaction of fosfomycin with other antimicrobial agents: in vitro and in vivo studies

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Olay ◽  
A. Rodriguez ◽  
L. E. Oliver ◽  
M. V. Vicente ◽  
M. C. R. Quecedo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies

scholarly journals Antimicrobial polymers with immobilized active groups for use in medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-666
Author(s):  
V.M. Toropin ◽  
B.V. Murashevych ◽  
H.M. Kremenchutskyi ◽  
D.O. Stepanskyi ◽  
H.S. Maslak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Modified Method

Annotation. Polymeric materials with immobilized active groups are widely used in medicine. Some of them have pronounced antimicrobial properties and, to a certain extent, are alternatives to antibiotics. The aim of this research is to study the properties of new polymeric materials with immobilized groups-donors of active chlorine and active oxygen. Polymers of the FIBAN brand in the form of staple fiber and non-woven fabric, which are convenient for the manufacture of dressings, have been used as carriers. A special technology has been developed for the chemical grafting of N-chlorosulfonamide and peroxycarboxylic functional groups on them. The synthesized materials retain appropriate physical and mechanical properties and are stable enough. The antimicrobial activity of these materials has been studied in vitro with the modified method of “agar plates”. It has been proven that all of them have powerful microbicidal properties, especially against S. aureus, which is extremely important, given that these microorganisms are one of the most common multi-resistant pathogens. The antimicrobial and wound healing activity of N-chlorosulfonamide material in vivo has been studied on artificially infected wounds of laboratory rats. The polymer has been used as a component of the sticky wound dressing. It has been found that the use of such dressings reduces the number of pathogenic staphylococci 4–10 times and accelerates reparative processes. Thus, the synthesized polymers with immobilized active groups are effective local antimicrobial agents and can be recommended as components of wound dressings. It is advisable to further study their hemostatic properties, subchronic and chronic toxicity, their effect on basic biochemical parameters, as well as the study of the chemical composition of the different environments that are processed with them.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity from Species Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, a Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Juliane Maria dos Santos Silva ◽  
Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida ◽  
Cristiane dos Santos Cerqueira Alves ◽  
Daniel Amando Nery ◽  
Livia Maria Oliveira Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Introduction: Nowadays, several bacteria have acquired resistance to available antimicrobial agents making necessary the search for new therapeutic alternatives. Plectranthus amboinicus L. is a succulent and aromatic herb, popularly known as thick leaf mint, used in popular medicine for the treatment of colds, digestive diseases, asthma, headache and to fight pathogenic bacteria activity. In view the antimicrobial activity of P. amboinicus this study had as aim to review publications involving researches about antimicrobial activity of this species. Materials and Methods: For this, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Scielo databases were consulted in November 2020 using the keywords Plectranthus amboinicus and antimicrobial activity. In vitro and/or in vivo studies on the antimicrobial activity of the species in the last 10 years were considered. Results: The main microorganisms evaluated were: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and some Candida species. The essential oils had carvacrol, germacrene D, thymol and camphor as main constituents. Most studies evaluated the antimicrobial activity using broth dilution and agar diffusion methods. In most studies essential oil, extracts and/or isolated substances showed significant antimicrobial activity. Synergistic activity was also observed through association with antibiotics. Conclusion: P. amboinicus has therapeutic potential for antimicrobial treatments and can be an alternative to the treatment of resistant microorganisms and that further in vivo and clinical studies with the species are still needed.

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