scholarly journals Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Increase Survival and Decrease Bacterial Load in Mice Subjected to Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Sepsis

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1205-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Svahn ◽  
Marcus A. Ulleryd ◽  
Louise Grahnemo ◽  
Marcus Ståhlman ◽  
Jan Borén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Omega 6

Sepsis caused byStaphylococcus aureusis increasing in incidence. With the alarming use of antibiotics,S. aureusis prone to become methicillin resistant. Antibiotics are the only widely used pharmacological treatment for sepsis. Interestingly, mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids have better survival ofS. aureus-induced sepsis than mice fed HFD rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD-S). To investigate what component of polyunsaturated fatty acids, i.e., omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, exerts beneficial effects on the survival ofS. aureus-induced sepsis, mice were fed HFD rich in omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids for 8 weeks prior to inoculation withS. aureus. Further, mice fed HFD-S were treated with omega-3 fatty acid metabolites known as resolvins. Mice fed HFD rich in omega-3 fatty acids had increased survival and decreased bacterial loads compared to those for mice fed HFD-S afterS. aureus-induced sepsis. Furthermore, the bacterial load was decreased in resolvin-treated mice fed HFD-S afterS. aureus-induced sepsis compared with that in mice treated with vehicle. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids increase the survival ofS. aureus-induced sepsis by reversing the deleterious effect of HFD-S on mouse survival.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Impact on Health and Disease Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Samina Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽  
Rida Fatima Saeed ◽  
Asma Saleem Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Health And Disease

Over the last decades, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been largely explored not only for their nutritional value but also for the numerous biological functions and therapeutic effects. The serum and erythrocyte levels of PUFAs depend on the genetic control of metabolism as well as the dietary intake and are considered to reflect the health and disease status of an individual. Two families of PUFAs, omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), have gained much attention because of their involvement in the production of bioactive lipid mediators and therefore, a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio is crucial in maintaining the overall health of an individual. Omega-3 PUFAs, notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) have been shown to exert beneficial effects, possibly due to their lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective effects, whereas omega-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) exhibit the opposite properties. Even though, numerous epidemiological studies and clinical interventions have clearly established the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs in various pathological conditions including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, some controversies do exist about the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs and need to be clarified. Larger clinical trials with extended follow-up periods are required along with a careful dose selection, in order to confirm the clinical significance and efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs as therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals PSV-39 Fatty acids profile of the meat from Nellore young bulls supplemented with lauric acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 339-340
Author(s):  
Sergiane A Araújo ◽  
Ronaldo L Oliveira ◽  
Analívia M Barbosa ◽  
Aline R Silva ◽  
Rebeca D X Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Coronary Diseases ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Lauric acid (LA) is an additive used in ruminant’s diet with the purpose of mitigating the methane effect. However, the presence of a certain amount of LA in the rumen can cause a reduction in the microbial population and ruminal metabolic processes, such as the biohydrogenation. This study aimed evaluate the effect of the LA inclusion in the diet of Nellore on the fatty acids profile of the meat. Thirty-two young Nellore bulls were used with an average age of 24-months. The animals were individually fed with a total mixed ration with 40% of roughage (Cynodon sp. hay) and 60% of concentrated mix, composed with ground corn, soybean meal, urea, mineral premix and LA in 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5% of inclusion in the total diet dry matter basis. Those amounts constituted the treatments. At the end of the trial, the animals were slaughtered and the meat was stored at -21oC, before analyses. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and eight replications. The data were submitted to regression analysis, and significance was declared when P < 0.05. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the inclusion of LA in the sum of saturated fatty acids (∑SAF=43.45±1.55), monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA=41.9±0.29), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA=12.25±1.40). The inclusion of LA in the diets also did not affect the sum of omega-3 fatty acids (∑ n-3=1.05±0.22), omega-6 fatty acids (∑ n-6=3.02±0.49, and the reason n-6: n-3 (2.91±0.12). The atherogenicity (0.65±0.05) and trombogenicity (1.47±0.10) indexes, important indexes to predict heart coronary diseases risk, were not affected by the inclusion of LA in the diet of the animals. The results suggest that LA can be included up to 1.5% (DM basis of total diet) in the diets of Nellore without causing any significant changes in the fatty acids profile of the meat.

scholarly journals Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Survival and Decrease Bacterial Load during Septic Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Improve Neutrophil Function in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Svahn ◽  
Louise Grahnemo ◽  
Vilborg Pálsdóttir ◽  
Intawat Nookaew ◽  
Karl Wendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Content Type

Severe infection, including sepsis, is an increasing clinical problem that causes prolonged morbidity and substantial mortality. At present, antibiotics are essentially the only pharmacological treatment for sepsis. The incidence of resistance to antibiotics is increasing; therefore, it is critical to find new therapies for sepsis.Staphylococcus aureusis a major cause of septic mortality. Neutrophils play an important role in the defense against bacterial infections. We have shown that a diet with high levels of dietary saturated fatty acids decreases survival in septic mice, but the mechanisms behind this remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the differences in dietary fat composition affect survival and bacterial load after experimental septic infection and neutrophil function in uninfected mice. We found that, afterS. aureusinfection, mice fed a polyunsaturated high-fat diet (HFD-P) for 8 weeks had increased survival and decreased bacterial load during sepsis compared with mice fed a saturated high-fat diet (HFD-S), similar to mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD). Uninfected mice fed HFD-P had a higher frequency of neutrophils in bone marrow than mice fed HFD-S. In addition, mice fed HFD-P had a higher frequency of neutrophils recruited to the site of inflammation in response to peritoneal injection of thioglycolate than mice fed HFD-S. Differences between the proportion of dietary protein and carbohydrate did not affect septic survival at all. In conclusion, polyunsaturated dietary fat increased both survival and efficiency of bacterial clearance during septicS. aureusinfection. Moreover, this diet increased the frequency and chemotaxis of neutrophils, key components of the immune response toS. aureusinfections.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF FUNGI FOR PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF OMEGA-3 FATTYACID

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3089-3093
Author(s):  
Priya A Shanmuga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Omega fatty acids, major importance in the prevention or treatment of a range of human diseases or disorders related with inflammation. These fatty acids are found in transgenic plants, fungi, and animals and even in microorganisms but in major amounts can be extracted from fatty fish. However, due to bioaccumulation of fat-soluble vitamins and high levels of saturated and omega-6 fatty acids, they may have deleterious health effects. It becomes necessary to search for novel and rich sources containing omega-3 fatty acids and one of the alternatives include fungi. The present study deals with production and purification of omega-3 fatty acids from Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger. In the present study, the main objective was to explore the beneficial effects of fungi for the maximum lipid production through optimized conditions and the results clearly showed that Trichoderma viride was the significantly highest lipid producer, with lipid production at initial pH 6.0 and incubation temperature 40℃.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids and blood pressure

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (S2) ◽  
pp. S195-S200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cabo ◽  
Rodrigo Alonso ◽  
Pedro Mata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Blue Fish ◽  
High Doses

Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that consumption of omega (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contributes to the reduction of cardiovascular mortality through different mechanisms including modulation of cellular metabolic functions, gene expression and beneficial effects on lipid profile or blood pressure. The aim of the study is to review the effects of ω-3 PUFA supplemented as fish oil or blue fish in blood pressure. The analysis of different studies suggests that high doses ω-3 PUFA ( ≥  3 g/day) produces a small but significant decrease in blood pressure, especially systolic blood pressure, in older and hypertensive subjects; however, the evidence is not consistent among different studies. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids consumption might have a place in the control of patients with mild hypertension before starting drug treatment and of those who prefer changes of lifestyles like diet.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Acinetobacter baumannii Host Fatty Acid Stress Adaptation Strategies

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhih-Hang Jiang ◽  
Karl A. Hassan ◽  
Stephanie L. Begg ◽  
Thusitha W. T. Rupasinghe ◽  
Varsha Naidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 6

ABSTRACT Free fatty acids hold important immune-modulatory roles during infection. However, the host’s long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, not commonly found in the membranes of bacterial pathogens, also have significant broad-spectrum antibacterial potential. Of these, the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) and the omega-3 fatty acid decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are highly abundant; hence, we investigated their effects on the multidrug-resistant human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Our analyses reveal that AA and DHA incorporate into the A. baumannii bacterial membrane and impact bacterial fitness and membrane integrity, with DHA having a more pronounced effect. Through transcriptional profiling and mutant analyses, we show that the A. baumannii β-oxidation pathway plays a protective role against AA and DHA, by limiting their incorporation into the phospholipids of the bacterial membrane. Furthermore, our study identified a second bacterial membrane protection system mediated by the AdeIJK efflux system, which modulates the lipid content of the membrane via direct efflux of lipids other than AA and DHA, thereby providing a novel function for this major efflux system in A. baumannii. This is the first study to examine the antimicrobial effects of host fatty acids on A. baumannii and highlights the potential of AA and DHA to protect against A. baumannii infections. IMPORTANCE A shift in the Western diet since the industrial revolution has resulted in a dramatic increase in the consumption of omega-6 fatty acids, with a concurrent decrease in the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids. This decrease in omega-3 fatty acid consumption has been associated with significant disease burden, including increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Here we provide evidence that DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid, has superior antimicrobial effects upon the highly drug-resistant pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii, thereby providing insights into one of the potential health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. The identification and characterization of two novel bacterial membrane protective mechanisms against host fatty acids provide important insights into A. baumannii adaptation during disease. Furthermore, we describe a novel role for the major multidrug efflux system AdeIJK in A. baumannii membrane maintenance and lipid transport. This core function, beyond drug efflux, increases the appeal of AdeIJK as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites on Haemostasis—Current Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2394
Author(s):  
Jacek Golanski ◽  
Patrycja Szymanska ◽  
Marcin Rozalski
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Supporting Tool ◽  
Higher Doses

The beneficial effects of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) in cardioprotection are widely known and generally accepted. In this literature review, we have focused on the known and postulated mechanisms of action of omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites on various components of the haemostatic system, in particular on blood platelets and endothelium. We have also made an attempt to provide a comprehensive review of epidemiological studies with particular regard to clinical trials. Notably, the results of these studies are contradictory, and some of them failed to report the beneficial effects of taking or supplementing omega-3 PUFAs in the diet. A potential explanation, in our opinion, could be the need to use higher doses of omega-3 PUFAs and a proper ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs. An additional problem which is difficult to solve is the use of a proper neutral placebo for interventional studies. Despite some controversies regarding the beneficial effects of supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs in cardiovascular disease, our review suggests that a promising aspect of future studies and applications is to focus on the anti-thrombotic properties of these compounds. An argument supporting this assumption is the recent use of omega-3 PUFAs as a supporting tool for the treatment of COVID-19 complications.

scholarly journals Role of blood plasma fatty acids in pathogenesis of stable anginapectoris

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
V. V. Novitsky ◽  
R. S. Karpov ◽  
S. V. Klimenkov ◽  
A. B. Salmina ◽  
M. Yu. Kotlovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Functional Classes

In men and women suffering from stable angina pectoris of 1-2 functional classes and aged from 35 to 69 years old, decrease of C 23:0 and increase of C 18:1(11) fatty acids was observed regardless of sex, the content of the rest fatty acids changed depending on patients sex. Correlation was found that metabolism of fatty acids in this pathology group depends on patients sex: men in the control group showed decrease in the sum of omega-3 fatty acids as well as in the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio, while women showed decrease of omega-6 fatty acids at the constant sum of omega-3 fatty acids. Regardless of sex, the presence of this pathology is accompanied with decrease in correlations between fatty acids, as the number of correlations between saturated fatty acids increases and the number of correlations between not saturated and saturated fatty aсids decreases. Change in correlations between not saturated fatty acids depends on sex. In the number of patients having supernormal fatty acid contents, no pronounced differences were found between men and women.

scholarly journals Deregulated Balance of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids following Infection by the Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1778-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Lachance ◽  
Mariela Segura ◽  
Maria C. Dominguez-Punaro ◽  
Gabriella Wojewodka ◽  
Juan B. De Sanctis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Omega 6

ABSTRACTStreptococcus suisis an important swine pathogen and an emergent zoonotic pathogen. Excessive inflammation caused byS. suisis responsible for early high mortality in septic shock-like syndrome cases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may contribute to regulating inflammatory processes. This study shows that mouse infection byS. suisis accompanied by an increase of arachidonic acid, a proinflammatory omega-6 (ω-6) PUFA, and by a decrease of docosahexaenoic acid, an anti-inflammatory ω-3 PUFA. Macrophages infected withS. suisshowed activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and cyclooxygenase-2 upregulation. Fenretinide, a synthetic vitamin A analog, reducedin vitroexpression of inflammatory mediators. Pretreatment of mice with fenretinide significantly improved their survival by reducing systemic proinflammatory cytokines during the acute phase of anS. suisinfection. These findings indicate a beneficial effect of fenretinide in diminishing the expression of inflammation and improving survival during an acute infection by a virulentS. suisstrain.

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