Contribution of Mn-Cofactored Superoxide Dismutase (SodA) to the Virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae

ABSTRACT Superoxide dismutases convert superoxide anions to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which, in turn, is metabolized by catalases and/or peroxidases. These enzymes constitute one of the major defense mechanisms of cells against oxidative stress and hence play a role in the pathogenesis of certain bacteria. We previously demonstrated that group B streptococci (GBS) possess a single Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase (SodA). To analyze the role of this enzyme in the pathogenicity of GBS, we constructed a sodA-disrupted mutant of Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316 by allelic exchange. This mutant was subsequently cis complemented by integration into the chromosome of pAT113/Sp harboring the wild-typesodA gene. The SOD specific activity detected by gel analysis in cell extracts confirmed that active SODs were present in the parental and complemented strains but absent in thesodA mutant. The growth rates of these strains in standing cultures were comparable, but the sodA mutant was extremely susceptible to the oxidative stress generated by addition of paraquat or hydrogen peroxide to the culture medium and exhibited a higher mutation frequency in the presence of rifampin. In mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, the sodA mutant showed an increased susceptibility to bacterial killing by macrophages. In a mouse infection model, after intravenous injection the survival of thesodA mutant in the blood and the brain was markedly reduced in comparison to that of the parental and complemented strains whereas only minor effects on survival in the liver and the spleen were observed. These results suggest that SodA plays a role in GBS pathogenesis.

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Redox Status in Women with Rheumathoid Arthritis

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr-2018-0047 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Vranic ◽

Aleksandra Antovic ◽

Nevena Draginic ◽

Marijana Andjic ◽

Marko Ravic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Redox Status ◽

Female Population

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess oxidative status and to set baseline characteristics for female population with established rheumatoid arthritis. Total of 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 48 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Clinical examination was performed and assessed disease activity. Peripheral blood samples were used for all the assays. The markers of oxidative stress were assessed, including plasma levels of index of lipid peroxidation - thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, nitrites and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione levels as antioxidant parameters. In the patients group, levels of hydrogen peroxide and index of lipid peroxidation were higher than in controls. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity compared to healthy subjects. Interestingly, controls had higher levels of nitrites compared to patients. Patients showed a marked increase in reactive oxygen species formation and lipid peroxidation as well as decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense system leading to oxidative stress which may contribute to tissue and cartilage damage and hence to the chronicity of the disease.

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Catalase activity and the survival of Pseudomonas putida, a root colonizer, upon treatment with peracetic acid

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w01-002 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 222-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anne J Anderson ◽

Charles D Miller

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Pseudomonas Putida ◽

Peracetic Acid ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Active Oxygen Species ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Deficient Mutant ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cell Extracts

Peracetic acid is used as a sterilant in several industrial settings. Cells of a plant-colonizing bacterium, Pseudomonas putida in liquid suspension, were more sensitive to killing by peracetic acid when they lacked a major catalase activity, catalase A. Low doses of peracetic acid induced promoter activity of the gene encoding catalase A and increased total catalase specific activity in cell extracts. Microbes present in native agricultural soils rapidly degraded the active oxygen species present in peracetic acid. The simultaneous release of oxygen was consistent with a role for catalase in degrading the hydrogen peroxide that is part of the peracetic acid-equilibrium mixture. Amendment of sterilized soils with wild-type P. putida restored the rate of degradation of peracetic acid to a higher level than was observed in the soils amended with the catalase A-deficient mutant. The association of the bacteria with the plant roots resulted in protection of the wild-type as well as the catalase-deficient mutant from killing by peracetic acid. No differential recovery of the wild-type and catalase A mutant of P. putida was observed from roots after the growth matrix containing the plants was flushed with peracetic acid.Key words: Pseudomonas putida (Pp), activated oxygen species (AOS), hydrogen peroxide, luciferase, colonization.

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The catalase and superoxide dismutase genes are transcriptionally up-regulated upon oxidative stress in the strictly anaerobic archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.28542-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 152 (6) ◽

pp. 1671-1677 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Andrei L. Brioukhanov ◽

Alexander I. Netrusov ◽

Rik I. L. Eggen

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Adaptive Response ◽

Methanosarcina Barkeri ◽

Strictly Anaerobic ◽

Dot Blot ◽

Oxidative Stresses ◽

Stress Agent ◽

Dot Blot Analysis

Methanosarcina barkeri is a strictly anaerobic methanogenic archaeon, which can survive oxidative stress. The oxidative stress agent paraquat (PQ) suppressed growth of M. barkeri at concentrations of 50–200 μM. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibited growth at concentrations of 0.4–1.6 mM. Catalase activity in cell-free extracts of M. barkeri increased about threefold during H2O2 stress (1.3 mM H2O2, 2–4 h exposure) and nearly twofold during superoxide stress (160 μM PQ, 2 h exposure). PQ (160 μM, 2–4 h exposure) and H2O2 (1.3 mM, 2 h exposure) also influenced superoxide dismutase activity in cell-free extracts of M. barkeri. Dot-blot analysis was performed on total RNA isolated from H2O2- and PQ-exposed cultures, using labelled internal DNA fragments of the sod and kat genes. It was shown that H2O2 but not PQ strongly induced up-regulation of the kat gene. PQ and to a lesser degree H2O2 induced the expression of superoxide dismutase. The results indicate the regulation of the adaptive response of M. barkeri to different oxidative stresses.

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Further investigation of the mechanism of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) protection from oxidative stress in Escherichia coli

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-011-0099-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meltem Akbas ◽

Tugrul Doruk ◽

Serhat Ozdemir ◽

Benjamin Stark

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Exponential Phase ◽

Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin ◽

Sod Activity ◽

E Coli ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment

AbstractIn Escherichia coli, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) protects against oxidative stress, perhaps, in part, by oxidizing OxyR. Here this protection, specifically VHb-associated effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels, was examined. Exponential or stationary phase cultures of SOD+ or SOD− E. coli strains with or without VHb and oxyR antisense were treated with 2 mM hydrogen peroxide without sublethal peroxide induction, and compared to untreated control cultures. The hydrogen peroxide treatment was toxic to both SOD+ and SOD− cells, but much more to SOD− cells; expression of VHb in SOD+ strains enhanced this toxicity. In contrast, the presence of VHb was generally associated in the SOD+ background with a modest increase in SOD activity that was not greatly affected by oxyR antisense or peroxide treatment. In both SOD+ and SOD− backgrounds, VHb was associated with higher catalase activity both in the presence and absence of peroxide. Contrary to its stimulatory effects in stationary phase, in exponential phase oxyR antisense generally decreased VHb levels.

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Activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in healthy women depends on age, BMI, physical activity and diet

10.21203/rs.2.21698/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć ◽

Klaudia Krauze ◽

Angelika Szczęśniak ◽

Aleksandra Goryniak Mikołajczyk ◽

Natalia Serwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Healthy Women

Abstract Introduction Antioxidant enzymes protect the human body against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. The activity of antioxidant enzymes changes with age, and depends on dietary nutrients such as fats and vitamins, which can have a significant impact on minimizing or exacerbating oxidative stress. Aim Examine the effect of age, BMI, diet, physical activity and smoking status on the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione concentrations in healthy women. Material and methods This study included 98 healthy women aged between 20 and 65 years. All women underwent anthropometric tests: body weight, height, hip and waist circumference. Antioxidant activity in erythrocytes was measured by spectrophotometric methods. Results Catalase activity increased significantly with age (p<0.001), while superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione decreased with age (p =0.008, p =0.023, respectively). Women with a lower BMI (emaciation) had higher superoxide dismutase activity than those in the first degree of obesity (p = 0.009 Conclusions 1. Increased catalase activity with age may be a sign of a large amount of hydrogen peroxide, resulting from poorly functioning antioxidant systems in older age. 2. Decreased superoxide dismutase activity with age may indicate inactivation of this enzyme by excessive hydrogen peroxide, as well as glycation of superoxide dismutase molecules or reactions with lipid peroxidation products, the intensity of which increases with age. 3. The negative correlation between superoxide dismutase activity and BMI index indicates reduced enzymatic activity in obese subjects, despite increased ROS production by adipose tissue.

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Enzyme activities associated with oxidative stress in Metarhizium anisopliae during germination, mycelial growth, and conidiation and in response to near-UV irradiation

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w03-097 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Charles D Miller ◽

Drauzio Rangel ◽

Gilberto UL Braga ◽

Stephan Flint ◽

Sun-Il Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Reductase ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Resistant Strain ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Major Effect ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Catalase Peroxidase

Metarhizium anisopliae isolates have a wide insect host range, but an impediment to their commercial use as a biocontrol agent of above-ground insects is the high susceptibility of spores to the near-UV present in solar irradiation. To understand stress responses in M. anisopliae, we initiated studies of enzymes that protect against oxidative stress in two strains selected because their spores differed in sensitivity to UV-B. Spores of the more near-UV resistant strain in M. anisopliae 324 displayed different isozyme profiles for catalaseperoxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase when compared with the less resistant strain 2575. A transient loss in activity of catalaseperoxidase and glutathione reductase was observed during germination of the spores, whereas the intensity of isozymes displaying superoxide dismutase did not change as the mycelium developed. Isozyme composition for catalaseperoxidases and glutathione reductase in germlings changed with growth phase. UV-B exposure from lamps reduced the activity of isozymes displaying catalaseperoxidase and glutathione reductase activities in 2575 more than in 324. The major effect of solar UV-A plus UV-B also was a reduction in catalaseperoxidases isozyme level, a finding confirmed by measurement of catalase specific activity. Impaired growth of M. anisopliae after near-UV exposure may be related to reduced abilities to handle oxidative stress.Key words: catalaseperoxidase, germination, glutathione reductase, Metarhizium anisopliae, near-UV, protein oxidation, superoxide dismutase.

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Effect of Trigonella foenum graecum L on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzyme and Their Expression in Tissues of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587215573664 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sapneh Sharma ◽

Vibhuti Mishra ◽

Shiv Kumar Jayant ◽

Nalini Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽

Production Of Hydrogen ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽

The Brain

Diabetes is a life-threatening metabolic disorder. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antioxidative potential of seed powder of Trigonella foenum-graecum L in alloxan (55 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats. The results obtained showed that extensive oxidative stress is generated in tissues of diabetic rats as evidenced by increased production of hydrogen peroxide, increased accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonanal (4HNE) and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in tissues of diabetic rats. It was observed that the transcription of genes of SOD, GPx, and CAT was also significantly decreased when compared with control. Treatment of Trigonella for 15 days to diabetic rats showed hypoglycemic effect and improved the altered levels of H2O2, MDA, and 4HNE, the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT as well as transcription of these genes in the liver and the brain of diabetic rats.

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The suppression of manganese superoxide dismutase decreased the survival of human glioblastoma multiforme T98G cells

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.v26i1.1511 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Novi S. Hardiany ◽

Mohamad Sadikin ◽

Nurjati Siregar ◽

Septelia I. Wanandi

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Superoxide Radical ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Human Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽

Manganese Superoxide ◽

In Vitro Transfection

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor which has poor prognosis. High incidence of oxidative stress-based therapy resistance could be related to the high antioxidant status of GBM cells. Our previous study has reported that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) antioxidant expression was significantly higher in high grade glioma than in low grade. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of MnSOD suppression toward GBM cell survival.Methods: This study is an experimental study using human glioblastoma multiforme T98G cell line. Suppression of MnSOD expression was performed using in vitro transfection MnSOD-siRNA. The MnSOD expression was analyzed by measuring the mRNA using real time RT-PCR, protein using ELISA technique, and specific activity of enzyme using inhibition of xantine oxidase. Concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellular was determined by measuring superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. Cell survival was analyzed by measuring viability, proliferation, and cell apoptosis.Results: In vitro transfection of MnSOD-siRNA suppressed the mRNA, protein, and specific activity of MnSOD. This treatment significantly increased the concentration of superoxide radical; however, it did not influence the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, viability MnSOD-suppressing cell significantly decreased, accompanied by increase of cell apoptosis without affecting cell proliferation.Conclusion: The suppression of MnSOD expression leads to decrease glioblastoma multiforme cell survival, which was associated to the increase of cell apoptotic.

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Response of Antioxidant System in Leaves of Ginkgo biloba to Elevated CO2 and/or O3 and its Natural Recovery in an Urban Area

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.18 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

Jiang Yan Gao ◽

Sheng Xu ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Xing Yuan He

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Adverse Effect ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Growing Season ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Natural Recovery ◽

Elevated O3

Changes of oxidative stress and antioxidant system were studied in leaves of Ginkgo biloba exposed to elevated CO2 and O3 fumigation (2006-2008), and released the gases fumigation for the natural recovery in open-top chambers (OTCs) during the growing season in 2009. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of G. biloba during the gas fumigation in 2008. Elevated O3 increased significantly H2O2 and MDA contents, especially after 90 days of gas fumigation. The adverse effect or damage of elevated O3 on trees during the gas fumigation was also alleviated by the released-O3 exposure during the natural recovery. The antioxidative enzyme including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities showed higher levels under the natural recovery than under the gas fumigation, which may be a helpful response to scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results also indicated that future alleviating the emissions of CO2 and O3 would differentially affect the antioxidant system in plants.

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Superoxide dismutase mimetic drug tempol aggravates anti-GBM antibody-induced glomerulonephritis in mice

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00583.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 299 (2) ◽

pp. F445-F452 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hua Lu ◽

Junhui Zhen ◽

Tianfu Wu ◽

Ai Peng ◽

Ting Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Basement Membrane ◽

Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Treated Group ◽

First Line ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Leukocyte Influx

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM-GN). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line of defense against oxidative stress by converting superoxide to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We investigated the effect of the SOD mimetic drug tempol on anti-GBM-GN in mice. 129/svJ mice were challenged with rabbit anti-mouse-GBM sera to induce GN and subsequently divided into tempol (200 mg·kg−1·day−1, orally) and vehicle-treated groups. Routine histology, SOD and catalase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and immunohistochemical staining for neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, p65-NF-κB, and osteopontin were performed. Mice with anti-GBM-GN had significantly reduced renal SOD and catalase activities and increased H2O2 and MDA levels. Unexpectedly, tempol administration exacerbated anti-GBM-GN as evidenced by intensification of proteinuria, the presence of severe crescentic GN with leukocyte influx, and accelerated mortality in the treated group. Tempol treatment raised SOD activity and H2O2 level in urine, upregulated p65-NF-κB and osteopontin in the kidney, but had no effect on renal catalase activity. Thus tempol aggravates anti-GBM-GN by increasing production of H2O2 which is a potent NF-κB activator and as such can intensify inflammation and renal injury. This supposition is supported by increases seen in p65-NF-κB, osteopontin, and leukocyte influx in the kidneys of the tempol-treated group.

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