scholarly journals Physiologic and Proteomic Evidence for a Role of Nitric Oxide in Biofilm Formation by Nitrosomonas europaea and Other Ammonia Oxidizers

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (9) ◽  
pp. 2781-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Schmidt ◽  
Peter J. M. Steenbakkers ◽  
Huub J. M. op den Camp ◽  
Katrin Schmidt ◽  
Mike S. M. Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Nitrosomonas Europaea ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Growth Modes ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT NO, a free radical gas, is the signal for Nitrosomonas europaea cells to switch between different growth modes. At an NO concentration of more than 30 ppm, biofilm formation by N. europaea was induced. NO concentrations below 5 ppm led to a reversal of the biofilm formation, and the numbers of motile and planktonic (motile-planktonic) cells increased. In a proteomics approach, the proteins expressed by N. europaea were identified. Comparison studies of the protein patterns of motile-planktonic and attached (biofilm) cells revealed several clear differences. Eleven proteins were found to be up or down regulated. Concentrations of other compounds such as ammonium, nitrite, and oxygen as well as different temperatures and pH values had no significant effect on the growth mode of and the proteins expressed by N. europaea.

Biofilm Formation and Biocides Sensitivity of Pseudomonas marginalis Isolated from a Maple Sap Collection System

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2411-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LAGACÉ ◽  
M. JACQUES ◽  
A. A. MAFU ◽  
D. ROY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Maple Sap ◽  
Scanning Electron

The susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Pseudomonas marginalis toward four commonly used biocides at different temperatures (15 and 30°C) and biofilm growth times (24 and 48 h) was assessed. Using the MBEC biofilm device, biofilm production in maple sap was shown to be highly reproducible for each set of conditions tested. Biofilm formation was influenced by growth temperature and time. A temperature of 15°C and incubation time of 24 h yielded fewer CFU per peg and showed fewer adhered cells and typical biofilm structures, based on scanning electron microscopy observations as compared with other conditions. Minimal biofilm eradication concentration values for P. marginalis were significantly greater (P < 0.001) than were MBCs for planktonic cells and for every biocide tested, with the exception of minimal biofilm eradication concentration values for peracetic acid at 15°C and 24 h. Sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid sanitizers were able to eliminate P. marginalis biofilms at lower concentrations as compared with hydrogen peroxide– and quaternary ammonium– based sanitizers (P < 0.001). According to the results obtained, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid sanitizers would be more appropriate for maple sap collection system sanitation.

scholarly journals Transposon Insertion in the purL Gene Induces Biofilm Depletion in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Virginio Cepas ◽  
Victoria Ballén ◽  
Yaiza Gabasa ◽  
Miriam Ramírez ◽  
Yuly López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Transposon Insertion ◽  
De Novo Purine Biosynthesis

Current Escherichia coli antibiofilm treatments comprise a combination of antibiotics commonly used against planktonic cells, leading to treatment failure. A better understanding of the genes involved in biofilm formation could facilitate the development of efficient and specific new antibiofilm treatments. A total of 2578 E. coli mutants were generated by transposon insertion, of which 536 were analysed in this study. After sequencing, Tn263 mutant, classified as low biofilm-former (LF) compared to the wild-type (wt) strain (ATCC 25922), showed an interruption in the purL gene, involved in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. To elucidate the role of purL in biofilm formation, a knockout was generated showing reduced production of curli fibres, leading to an impaired biofilm formation. These conditions were restored by complementation of the strain or addition of exogenous inosine. Proteomic and transcriptional analyses were performed to characterise the differences caused by purL alterations. Thirteen proteins were altered compared to wt. The corresponding genes were analysed by qRT-PCR not only in the Tn263 and wt, but also in clinical strains with different biofilm activity. Overall, this study suggests that purL is essential for biofilm formation in E. coli and can be considered as a potential antibiofilm target.

scholarly journals Effect of Batch and Fed-Batch Growth Modes on Biofilm Formation by Listeria monocytogenes at Different Temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana A. Rodrigues ◽  
Marta A. Almeida ◽  
Pilar A. Teixeira ◽  
Rosário T. Oliveira ◽  
Joana C. Azeredo
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Growth Modes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Batch Growth

scholarly journals Involvement of Sortase Anchoring of Cell Wall Proteins in Biofilm Formation by Streptococcusmutans

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 3773-3777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline M. Lévesque ◽  
Elena Voronejskaia ◽  
Yi-Chen Cathy Huang ◽  
Richard W. Mair ◽  
Richard P. Ellen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans is one of the best-known biofilm-forming organisms associated with humans. We investigated the role of the sortase gene (srtA) in monospecies biofilm formation and observed that inactivation of srtA caused a decrease in biofilm formation. Genes encoding three putative sortase-dependent proteins were also found to be up-regulated in biofilms versus planktonic cells and mutations in these genes resulted in reduced biofilm biomass.

scholarly journals What’s a Biofilm?—How the Choice of the Biofilm Model Impacts the Protein Inventory of Clostridioides difficile

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madita Brauer ◽  
Christian Lassek ◽  
Christian Hinze ◽  
Juliane Hoyer ◽  
Dörte Becher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Surface Polysaccharides ◽  
Mammalian Intestine

The anaerobic pathogen Clostridioides difficile is perfectly equipped to survive and persist inside the mammalian intestine. When facing unfavorable conditions C. difficile is able to form highly resistant endospores. Likewise, biofilms are currently discussed as form of persistence. Here a comprehensive proteomics approach was applied to investigate the molecular processes of C. difficile strain 630Δerm underlying biofilm formation. The comparison of the proteome from two different forms of biofilm-like growth, namely aggregate biofilms and colonies on agar plates, revealed major differences in the formation of cell surface proteins, as well as enzymes of its energy and stress metabolism. For instance, while the obtained data suggest that aggregate biofilm cells express both flagella, type IV pili and enzymes required for biosynthesis of cell-surface polysaccharides, the S-layer protein SlpA and most cell wall proteins (CWPs) encoded adjacent to SlpA were detected in significantly lower amounts in aggregate biofilm cells than in colony biofilms. Moreover, the obtained data suggested that aggregate biofilm cells are rather actively growing cells while colony biofilm cells most likely severely suffer from a lack of reductive equivalents what requires induction of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and C. difficile’s V-type ATPase to maintain cell homeostasis. In agreement with this, aggregate biofilm cells, in contrast to colony biofilm cells, neither induced toxin nor spore production. Finally, the data revealed that the sigma factor SigL/RpoN and its dependent regulators are noticeably induced in aggregate biofilms suggesting an important role of SigL/RpoN in aggregate biofilm formation.

Role of cell surface hydrophobicity in Candida albicans biofilm

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Bujdáková ◽  
Miroslava Didiášová ◽  
Hana Drahovská ◽  
Lucia Černáková
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Planktonic Culture

AbstractOverall cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) is predicted to play an important role during biofilm formation in Candida albicans but is the result of many expressed proteins. This study compares the CSH status and CSH1 gene expression in C. albicans planktonic cells, sessile biofilm, and dispersal cells. Greater percentages of hydrophobic cells were found in non-adhered (1.5 h) and dispersal forms (24 or 48 h) (41.34±4.17% and 39.52±7.45%, respectively), compared with overnight planktonic cultures (21.69±3.60%). Results from quantitative real-time PCR confirmed greater up-regulation of the CSH1 gene in sessile biofilm compared with both planktonic culture and dispersal cells. Up-regulation was also greater in dispersal cells compared with planktonic culture. The markedly increased CSH found both in C. albicans biofilm, and in cells released during biofilm formation could provide an advantage to dispersing cells building new biofilm.

scholarly journals Growth in a Biofilm Induces a Hyperinfectious Phenotype in Vibrio cholerae

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 3560-3569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Tamayo ◽  
Bharathi Patimalla ◽  
Andrew Camilli
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine

ABSTRACT Biofilm formation plays a multifaceted role in the life cycles of a wide variety of microorganisms. In the case of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, biofilm formation in its native aquatic habitats is thought to aid in persistence during interepidemic seasons and to enhance infectivity upon oral ingestion. The structure of V. cholerae biofilms has been hypothesized to protect the bacteria during passage through the stomach. Here, we directly test the role of biofilm architecture in the infectivity of V. cholerae by comparing the abilities of intact biofilms, dispersed biofilms, and planktonic cells to colonize the mouse small intestine. Not only were V. cholerae biofilms better able to colonize than planktonic cells, but the structure of the biofilm was also found to be dispensable: intact and dispersed biofilms colonized equally, and both vastly out-colonized planktonic cells. The infectious dose for biofilm-derived V. cholerae was orders of magnitude lower than that of planktonic cells. This biofilm-induced hyperinfectivity may be due in part to a higher growth rate of biofilm-derived cells during infection. These results suggest that the infectious dose of naturally occurring biofilms of V. cholerae may be much lower than previously estimated using cells grown planktonically in vitro. Furthermore, this work implies the existence of factors specifically induced during growth in a biofilm that augment infection by V. cholerae.

scholarly journals Biofilm-Induced Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Abebe Mekuria Shenkutie ◽  
Mian Zhi Yao ◽  
Gilman Kit-hang Siu ◽  
Barry Kin Chung Wong ◽  
Polly Hang-mei Leung
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Tolerance ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

In order to understand the role of biofilm in the emergence of antibiotic resistance, a total of 104 clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains were investigated for their biofilm-forming capacities and genes associated with biofilm formation. Selected biofilm-formers were tested for antibiotic susceptibilities when grown in biofilm phase. Reversibility of antibiotic susceptibility in planktonic cells regrown from biofilm were investigated. We found 59.6% of the strains were biofilm-formers, among which, 66.1% were non-multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. Presence of virulence genes bap, csuE, and abaI was significantly associated with biofilm-forming capacities. When strains were grown in biofilm state, the minimum biofilm eradication concentrations were 44, 407, and 364 times higher than the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for colistin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem, respectively. Persisters were detected after treating the biofilm at 32–256 times the MBC of planktonic cells. Reversibility test for antibiotic susceptibility showed that biofilm formation induced reversible antibiotic tolerance in the non-MDR strains but a higher level of irreversible resistance in the extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strain. In summary, we showed that the non-MDR strains were strong biofilm-formers. Presence of persisters in biofilm contributed to the reduced antibiotic susceptibilities. Biofilm-grown Acinetobacter baumannii has induced antibiotic tolerance in non-MDR strains and increased resistance levels in XDR strains. To address the regulatory mechanisms of biofilm-specific resistance, thorough investigations at genome and transcription levels are warranted.

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