Batch Adsorption, Thermodynamic, and Isotherm Studies of Lead Adsorption on Natural Adsorbent Synthesized from Thespesia рopulnea Bark

The adsorption of caffeine was evaluated using natural adsorbent chitosan and three derivates of the material. Raw, H2O2 pre-treated, and a chemically altered chitosan were compared to activated carbon. Activated carbon was found to have a high affinity for caffeine (98% removal) while raw chitosan performed poorly with an average adsorption of 15.9%. Batch tests in acidic and basic conditions as well as increasing dosage did not have an effect on the performance. Chemical modifications to chitosan included calcinated mesoporous materials and non-calcinated materials, both of which increased chitosan adsorption of caffeine to 29 and 40%, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide pre-treated chitosan performed best of chitosan-based adsorbents, and reached a 46% removal of caffeine in batch adsorption tests. The majority of the adsorbents had low correlation to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models. However, data were sufficient to compare adsorption capacity for caffeine among activated carbon, chitosan, and chitosan derivatives.

Download Full-text

Removal of Pb from Water by Adsorption on Apple Pomace: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Studies

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/164575 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Piar Chand ◽

Yogesh B. Pakade

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Parameters ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Contact Time ◽

Apple Pomace ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Kinetics Study ◽

Lead Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Study ◽

Kinetics And Thermodynamics ◽

Pseudo Second Order

The adsorption-influencing factors such as pH, dose, and time were optimized by batch adsorption study. A 0.8 g dose, 4.0 pH, and 80 min of contact time were optimized for maximum adsorption of Pb on AP. The adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) were well fitted to the data obtained with values ofqmax(16.39 mg/g;r2=0.985) andK(16.14 mg/g;r2=0.998), respectively. The kinetics study showed that lead adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999 for all of the concentration range. FTIR spectra also showed that the major functional groups like polyphenols (–OH) and carbonyl (–CO) were responsible for Pb binding on AP. The thermodynamic parameters asΔG,ΔH(33.54 J/mol), andΔS(1.08 J/mol/K) were also studied and indicate that the reaction is feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous in nature.

Download Full-text

Cost Effective Wastewater Treatment by Natural Adsorbent

Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.29055/jccs/639 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 777-785

Author(s):

Mahmudur Rahman Idris ◽

Md. Arifuzzaman ◽

Arnob Basak ◽

Tonmoy Saha and Jarin Yasmin

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Natural Adsorbent

Download Full-text

Application of iron-coated sand on the treatment of toxic metals

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2004.0124 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (5-6) ◽

pp. 335-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jae-Kyu Yang ◽

Yoon-Young Chang ◽

Sung-Il Lee ◽

Hyung-Jin Choi ◽

Seung-Mok Lee

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Selective Adsorption ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Column Experiments ◽

Adsorption Behaviour ◽

Optimum Amount ◽

Initial Ph ◽

New Treatment ◽

Coated Sand

Iron-coated sand (ICS) prepared by using FeCl3 and Joomoonjin sand widely used in Korea was used in this study. In batch adsorption kinetics, As(V) adsorption onto ICS was completed within 20 minutes, while adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) onto ICS was slower than that of As(V) and strongly depended on initial pH. At pH 3.5, ICS showed a selective adsorption of Pb(II) compared to Cd( II) and Cu(II) . However, above pH 4.5, near complete removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) was observed through adsorption or precipitation depending on pH. As(V) adsorption onto ICS occurred through an anionic-type and followed a Langmuir-type adsorption behaviour. In column experiments, pH was identified as an important parameter in the breakthrough of As(V). As(V) breakthrough at pH 4.5 was much slower than at pH 9 due to a strong chemical bonding between As(V) and ICS as similar with batch adsorption behaviour. With variation of ICS amounts, the optimum amount of ICS at pH 4.5 was identified as 5.0 grams in this research. At this condition, ICS could be used to treat 200 mg of As(V) with 1 kg of ICS until 50 ppb of As(V) appeared in the effluent. In this research, as a new treatment system, ICS can be potentially used to treat As(V) and cationic heavy metals.

Download Full-text

Utilisation of Biomass and Hybrid Biochar from Elephant Grass and Low Density Polyethylene for the Competitive Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) from Aqueous Media

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2405520413999201117143926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua O. Ighalo ◽

Lois T. Arowoyele ◽

Samuel Ogunniyi ◽

Comfort A. Adeyanju ◽

Folasade M. Oladipo-Emmanuel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

Competitive Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Elephant Grass

Background: The presence of pollutants in polluted water is not singularized hence pollutant species are constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage of competitive adsorption studies is that it informs on the adsorbent performance in real water treatment applications. Objective: This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar from LDPE. Method: The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of adsorption parameters, equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data from the batch adsorption experiments. Results: For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the domain of the entire investigation for dosage and contact time suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal at 2 g/l dosage and contact time of 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive adsorption process. Conclusion: The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication for environmental protection and solid waste management.

Download Full-text

Biological granulated activated carbon fluidized bed reactor for atrazine remediation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0845 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 49 (11-12) ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Herzberg ◽

C.G. Dosoretz ◽

S. Tarre ◽

M. Beliavski ◽

M. Green

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Pseudomonas Sp ◽

Partial Penetration ◽

Biofilm Carrier ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Atrazine Degradation ◽

Granulated Activated Carbon

To show that an adsorbing biofilm carrier (GAC) can be advantageous for atrazine bioremediation over a non-adsorbing carrier, fluidized bed (FB) reactors were operated under atrazine limiting concentrations using Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP as the atrazine degrading bacteria. The following interrelated subjects were investigated: 1) atrazine adsorption to GAC under conditions of atrazine partial penetration in the biofilm, 2) differences in atrazine degradation rates and 3) stability of atrazine biodegradation under non-sterile anoxic conditions in the GAC reactor versus a reactor with a non-adsorbing biofilm carrier. Results from batch adsorption tests together with modeling best described the biofilm as patchy in nature with covered and non-biofilm covered areas. Under conditions of atrazine partial penetration in the biofilm, atrazine adsorption occurs in the non-covered areas and is consequently desorbed at the base of the biofilm substantially increasing the active biofilm surface area. The double flux of atrazine to the biofilm in the GAC reactor results in lower effluent atrazine concentrations as compared to a FB reactor with a non-adsorbing carrier. Moreover, under non-sterile denitrification conditions, atrazine degradation stability was found to be much higher (several months) using GAC as a biofilm carrier while non-adsorbing carrier reactors showed sharp deterioration within 30 days due to contamination of non-atrazine degrading bacteria.

Download Full-text

Synthesis, characterization and heavy metal removal efficiency of nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NFN’s)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83363-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Waheed Ali Khoso ◽

Noor Haleem ◽

Muhammad Anwar Baig ◽

Yousuf Jamal

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Nickel Ferrite ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Aqueous Environment ◽

Human Beings ◽

Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles

AbstractThe heavy metals, such as Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cd(II), in aqueous solutions are toxic even at trace levels and have caused adverse health impacts on human beings. Hence the removal of these heavy metals from the aqueous environment is important to protect biodiversity, hydrosphere ecosystems, and human beings. In this study, magnetic Nickel-Ferrite Nanoparticles (NFNs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques in order to confirm the crystalline structure, composition and morphology of the NFN’s, these were then used as adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cd(II) from wastewater. The adsorption parameters under study were pH, dose and contact time. The values for optimum removal through batch-adsorption were investigated at different parameters (pH 3–7, dose: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg and contact time: 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). Removal efficiencies of Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cd(II) were obtained 89%, 79% and 87% respectively under optimal conditions. It was found that the kinetics followed the pseudo second order model for the removal of heavy metals using Nickel ferrite nanoparticles.

Download Full-text

Release of toxic methylene blue from water by mesoporous silicalite-1: characterization, kinetics and isotherm studies

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01435-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Sabarish Radoor ◽

Jasila Karayil ◽

Aswathy Jayakumar ◽

Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai ◽

Suchart Siengchin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Contact Time ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Aqueous Environment ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Adsorption Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Adsorption Desorption

AbstractIn the present work, we have developed a mesoporous silicalite-1 using CMC as a template for the removal of MB from aqueous solution. The synthesized silicalite-1 were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm (BET). XRD and FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of crystallinity and development of MFI structure in the mesoporous silicalite-1. The adsorption of MB dye on mesoporous silicalite-1 was conducted by batch adsorption method. The effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the dye uptake ability of silicalite-1 was investigated. The operating parameters for the maximum adsorption are silicalite-1 dosage (0.1 wt%), contact time (240 min), initial dye concentration (10 ppm) and temperature (30 ℃). The MB dye removal onto mesoporous silicalite-1 followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm. The silicalite-1 exhibits 86% removal efficiency even after six adsorption–desorption cycle. Therefore, the developed mesoporous silicalite-1 is an effective eco-friendly adsorbent for MB dye removal from aqueous environment.

Download Full-text

Kinetics and isotherm modeling of Pb(II) and Cd(II) sequestration from polluted water onto tropical ultisol obtained from Enugu Nigeria

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01402-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Theresa C. Umeh ◽

John K. Nduka ◽

Kovo G. Akpomie

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Low Cost ◽

Water Environment ◽

Standard Technique ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Pseudo Second Order

AbstractDeterioration in soil–water environment severely contributed by heavy metal bioavailability and mobility on soil surface and sub-surface due to irrational increase in wastewater discharge and agrochemical activities. Therefore, the feasibility of adsorption characteristics of the soil is paramount in curbing the problem of micropollutant contamination in the farming vicinity. Soil from a farming site in a populated area in Enugu, Nigeria was collected and tested to measure the lead and cadmium contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The adsorption potency of the ultisol soil was estimated for identifiable physicochemical properties by standard technique. The mean activity concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was 15.68 mg/kg and 3.01 mg/kg. The pH, temperature, metal concentration and contact time adsorptive effect on the Pb2+ and Cd2+ uptake was evaluated by batch adsorption technique. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were fitted into equilibrium adsorption data and the calculated results depict a better and satisfactory correlation for Langmuir with higher linear regression coefficients (Pb2+, 0.935 and Cd2+, 0.971). On the basis of sorption capacity mechanism of the soil, pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics of both metal ions retention process. The results of the present study indicated that the soil being a low cost-effective adsorbent can be utilized to minimize the environmental risk impact of these metal ions.

Download Full-text

Ideal pH for the adsorption of metal ions Cr6+, Ni2+, Pb2+ in aqueous solution with different adsorbent materials

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2021-0225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

Luísa P. Cruz-Lopes ◽

Morgana Macena ◽

Bruno Esteves ◽

Raquel P. F. Guiné

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Walnut Shell ◽

Lead Adsorption ◽

Viable Solution ◽

Chestnut Shell ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Irreversible Effects ◽

Optimal Values ◽

Ph Range

Abstract Industrialization increases the number of heavy metals released into the environment. Lead (Pb2+), nickel (Ni2+) and chromium (Cr6+) are among these toxic metals and cause irreversible effects on ecosystems and human health due to their bio-accumulative potential. The decontamination through adsorption processes using lignocellulosic wastes from agricultural and/or forestry processes is a viable solution. Hence, this work aimed at studying the effect of pH on the biosorption of the metal ions using four different by-product materials: walnut shell, chestnut shell, pinewood and burnt pinewood. These experiments were conducted with solutions of the three heavy metals in which the adsorbents were immersed to measure the rate of adsorption. A range of pH values from 3.0 to 7.5 was used in the experiments, and the concentrations were determined by atomic absorption. The results showed different behaviour of the biosorbent materials when applied to the different metals. The lead adsorption had an ideal pH in the range of 5.5–7.5 when the walnut shell was used as an adsorbent, corresponding to values of adsorption greater than 90%, but for the other materials, maximum adsorption occurred for a pH of 7.5. For the adsorption of chromium, the pH was very heterogeneous with all adsorbents, with optimal values of pH varying from 3.0 (for chestnut shell) to 6.5 (for walnut shell and wood). For nickel, the best pH range was around pH 5, with different values according to the lignocellulosic material used. These results indicate that the tested biosorbents have the potential to decontaminate wastewater in variable extensions and that by controlling the pH of the solution; a more efficient removal of the heavy metals can be achieved.

Download Full-text