Differences in the Amylase Inhibitor Gene SbAI Expression in Potato during Long-Term Tuber Cold Storage and in Response to Short-Term Cold Stress

(1) Background: Tocochromanols are a group of fat-soluble compounds including vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and plastochromanol-8, and just one avocado can contain up to 20% of the required vitamin E daily intake. (2) Methods: HPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses were performed in avocados of various varieties and origin for the identification and quantification of tocopherols, tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8. After selection of the variety with the highest vitamin E content, we evaluated to what extent short- (4 h) and long-term (10 d) cold storage influences the accumulation of tocochromanols. (3) Results: Analyses revealed that “Bacon” avocados (Persea americana Mill. cv. Bacon) were the richest in vitamin E compared to other avocado varieties (including the highly commercialized Hass variety), and they not only accumulated tocopherols (with 110 µg of α-tocopherol per g dry matter), but also tocotrienols (mostly in the form of γ-tocotrienol, with 3 µg per g dry matter) and plastochromanol-8 (4.5 µg per g dry matter). While short-term cold shock did not negatively influence α-tocopherol contents, it increased those of γ-tocopherol, γ-tocotrienol, and plastochromanol-8 and decreased those of δ-tocotrienol. Furthermore, storage of Bacon avocados for 10 d led to a 20% decrease in the contents of α-tocopherol, whereas the contents of other tocopherols, tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8 were not affected. (4) Conclusions: It is concluded that Bacon avocados (i) are very rich in α-tocopherol, (ii) not only contain tocopherols, but also tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8, and (iii) their nutritional vitamin E value is negatively influenced by long-term cold storage.

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Dynamic modelling of cold-hardiness in tea buds by imitating past temperature memory

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcaa197 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kensuke Kimura ◽

Daisuke Yasutake ◽

Takahiro Oki ◽

Koichiro Yoshida ◽

Masaharu Kitano

Keyword(s):

Cold Stress ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Dynamic Model ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Global Climate ◽

Effective Means ◽

Dynamic Modelling ◽

Short Term ◽

Mean Square Errors

Abstract Background and Aims Most perennial plants memorize cold stress for a certain period and retrieve the memories for cold acclimation and deacclimation, which leads to seasonal changes in cold-hardiness. Therefore, a model for evaluating cold stress memories is required for predicting cold-hardiness and for future frost risk assessments under warming climates. In this study we develop a new dynamic model of cold-hardiness by introducing a function imitating past temperature memory in the processes of cold acclimation and deacclimation. Methods We formulated the past temperature memory for plants using thermal time weighted by a forgetting function, and thereby proposed a dynamic model of cold-hardiness. We used the buds of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) from two cultivars, ‘Yabukita’ and ‘Yutakamidori’, to calibrate and validate this model based on 10 years of observed cold-hardiness data. Key Results The model captured more than 90 % of the observed variation in cold-hardiness and predicted accurate values for both cultivars, with root mean square errors of ~1.0 °C. The optimized forgetting function indicated that the tea buds memorized both short-term (recent days) and long-term (previous months) temperatures. The memories can drive short-term processes such as increasing/decreasing the content of carbohydrates, proteins and antioxidants in the buds, as well as long-term processes such as determining the bud phenological stage, both of which vary with cold-hardiness. Conclusions The use of a forgetting function is an effective means of understanding temperature memories in plants and will aid in developing reliable predictions of cold-hardiness for various plant species under global climate warming.

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The effect of adrenal demedullation on the blood sugar level of rats subjected to long-term cold stress

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y69-001 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alison M. Jarratt ◽

N. W. Nowell

Keyword(s):

Cold Stress ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Blood Sugar Level ◽

Control Level ◽

Short Term ◽

Control Value ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Adrenalectomized Rats ◽

Intact Rats

Blood sugar levels and adrenal weights (where possible) were recorded, after a 24-h fast, in normal intact, adrenal-demedullated, and adrenalectomized rats kept at 4 °C for up to 130 days. These were compared with data from control rats kept at 21 °C. Hypoglycemia (relative to the control value) prevailed in both normal intact and, more profoundly, in adrenal-demedullated rats during the first 24 h of chilling but no deaths occurred. Adrenalectomized rats, whose blood sugar level at 21 °C was subnormal, at 4 °C soon showed extreme hypoglycemia and died. More prolonged chilling in normal intact rats resulted in hyperglycemia which lasted until after the 25th day. In contrast, in chilled adrenal-demedullated animals the blood sugar remained at the control level throughout this period. At the 50th day the blood sugar of normal intact animals fell to the control value and remained so thereafter. A similar fall in adrenal-demedullated rats resulted in hypoglycemia, but a rise to control values was recorded from the 75th day. Adrenocortical hypertrophy was generally more extensive in the demedullated animals than in the normal intact animals but was absent in both groups by the 130th day. We conclude that the adrenal medulla, besides helping to provide extra blood glucose during exposure to short-term chilling, is also responsible for the sustained hyperglycemia of rats chilled for prolonged periods and thus assists in their acclimation to long-term cold stress.

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Effect of short-term coronary perfusion after cold storage for long-term heart preservation: a comparative study of University of Wisconsin solution and diluted blood as the perfusate

Transplantation Proceedings ◽

10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01229-9 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 3772-3773 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y Hasegawa ◽

M Suzuki ◽

A Ohtaki ◽

T Takahashi ◽

Y Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Coronary Perfusion ◽

Short Term ◽

University Of Wisconsin Solution ◽

University Of Wisconsin ◽

Heart Preservation ◽

Wisconsin Solution

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KAPASITAS JARINGAN SOSIAL DAN KEBIJAKAN REVITALISASI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN DI PULAU TERDEPAN (Pelajaran dari Revitalisasi Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Lugu, di Kabupaten Simeulue)

Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan ◽

10.15578/jsekp.v11i2.1633 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Armen Zulham

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Social Exchange ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Development Program ◽

Short Term ◽

Air Blast ◽

Building Market ◽

Business Function ◽

Main Activity

Pembangunan ekonomi pulau terdepan melalui Program Pembangunan Sentra Kelautan dan Perikanan Terpadu (PSKPT) sedang giat dilakukan. Di Kabupaten Simeulue, program PSKPT merupakan program andalan. Dengan program PSKPT ini, infrastruktur perikanan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Lugu di renovasi, harapannya bisnis Lapangan Usaha Perikanan di Kabupaten Simeulue dapat berkontribusi pada PDRB Kabupaten Simeulue lebih dari 11,5 %. Oleh sebab itu, revitalisasi PPI Lugu merupakan salah satu target dari PSKPT Simeulue. Sejak September 2015 infrastruktur di PPI Lugu di renovasi dan dilengkapi dengan Pabrik Es, Air Blast Frezer, pertokoan dan perkantoran agar akselerasi perekonomian Simeulue terjadi. Namun, akselerasi itu, belum terwujud, karena pemahaman tentang jaringan sosial, pertukaran sosial dalam bisnis perikanan di Simeulue kurang dicermati. Pengamatan tentang hal ini telah dilakukan sejak Januari 2015, dan kajian mendalam tentang PPI Lugu dilakukan pada bulan April 2016. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk melengkapi data aspek sosial ekonomi dan bisnis perikanan di Kabupaten Simeulue. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan pelajaran, dalam memfungsikan beberapa pelabuhan perikanan di pulau terdepan. Tulisan ini merekomendasikan, operasional PPI Lugu, dilakukan dalam dua tahap: jangka pendek dengan memberi konsesi pada perusahaan / pengusaha yang memiliki modal dan jaringan pasar yang luas untuk mengelola Cold Storage dan ABF atau Pabrik Es. Dalam jangka panjang, setelah konsesi berjalan, pada tahun ketiga operasional PPI Lugu diimplementasikan dengan struktur kelembagaan pelabuhan perikanan yang berlaku. Title: Social Networking Capacity and The Policy of Revitalization of Fishing Port in The Frontier Island (A Lesson From Revitalization of Lugu Fishing Port, in Simeulue Regency)The economic development of frontier islands through the Integrated Marine and Fisheries Development Program (SKPT) is intensively being carried out. This program is the main activity of Simeulue Regency by renovation of the cold storage, ice factory, air blast freezer, ship dock as well as building market and offices in the Lugu Fishing Port. The development of infrastructures is expected to encourage the growth of fisheries business, function (revitalization) of the Lugu Fishing Port, and increase the contribution of fisheries business field in the gross regional domestic product of Simeulue. The aim of this report is to understand social network and to find the strategy of the Lugu Fishing Port revitalization, field observation for the Lugu Fishing Port revitalization was conducted by a quick survey in January 2015 and deep interview about socio economic aspect and fisheries business was conducted on 30 fishers and 3 fish traders (toke bangku) in April 2016. Data was analyzed descriptive based on economic theory of Handerson and Quant and the sociology-economy theory of Damsar and Indrayani. Results of this study showed that role and capacity of business, social network, and social exchange in fisheries business in Simeulue not used as a references in arranging the policy of the Lugu Fishing Port revitalization. As a result, the fishing port has not functioned until August 2016. This study recommends the operational of the Lugu Fishing Port to be conducted in two steps: short-term in giving concession to companies/businessman having the fund and wide market network to manage cold storage or ice factory, and long term starting from the third year by operating the fishing port based on the fishing port organizational structure applied.

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Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x15000928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Mary C. Potter

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 710-727

Author(s):

Beula M. Magimairaj ◽

Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽

Alexander V. Sergeev ◽

Natalie J. Benafield

Keyword(s):

Auditory Processing ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Group Differences ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Significant Group ◽

Term Memory ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

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