scholarly journals Aeromedical evacuation: experiences from the UK military level 2 hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, during Op TRENTON

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Jane Eveson ◽  
W Nevin ◽  
N Cordingley ◽  
M Almond
Keyword(s):  
South Sudan ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Aeromedical Evacuation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Uk ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Level 2

IntroductionAeromedical Evacuation (AE) is a vital role of the Defence Medical Services (DMS). With a far-reaching defence global footprint, an AE capability is crucial to enable movement of patients in the fastest, safest and least stressful way that meets or exceeds the level of care an injured or ill person may expect to receive in the UK. Operation (Op) TRENTON is a UK military humanitarian operation in support of the United Nations (UN) Mission in South Sudan.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out of all patients who underwent AE from the UK level 2 hospital at Bentiu during Op TRENTON over a 17-month period from June 2017 to October 2018.Results14 patients underwent AE. The median age was 36 (22–64) years and all patients were male. 21% of AEs were for UK personnel and 79% were for UN personnel. 29% of AEs were due to non-battle injury with the remainder due to disease. Musculoskeletal was the largest diagnostic group (n=4) followed by respiratory (n=3), cardiovascular (n=2), undifferentiated febrile illness (n=2), neurology (n=1), renal medicine (n=1) and psychiatry (n=1).ConclusionsPatients requiring AE from the level 2 hospital at Bentiu mostly had musculoskeletal and medical pathology, a stark contrast to the trauma patient cohort from operations in the past. The majority of patients had definitive care under the medical team highlighting the requirement for DMS physicians and the AE team, to be trained in acute, general and aviation medicine. The majority of AE moves were for UN personnel and on UN airframes, highlighting the importance of a sound understanding of the nations we are working with.

Clinical activity at the UK military level 2 hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan during Op TRENTON from June to September 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. jramc-2018-001154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S Bailey ◽  
I Gurney ◽  
J Lentaigne ◽  
J S Biswas ◽  
N E Hill
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Battle Injuries ◽  
Level 2

IntroductionDiseases and non-battle injuries (DNBIs) are common on UK military deployments, but the collection and analysis of clinically useful data on these remain a challenge. Standard medical returns do not provide adequate clinical information, and clinician-led approaches have been laudable, but not integrated nor standardised nor used long-term. Op TRENTON is a novel UK military humanitarian operation in support of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan, which included the deployment of UK military level 1 and level 2 medical treatment facilities at Bentiu to provide healthcare for UK and United Nations (UN) personnel.MethodsA service evaluation of patient consultations and admissions at the UK military level 2 hospital was performed using two data sets collected by the emergency department (ED) and medicine (MED) teams.ResultsOver a three-month (13-week) period, 286 cases were seen, of which 51% were UK troops, 29% were UN civilians and 20% were UN troops. The ED team saw 175 cases (61%) and provided definitive care for 113 (40%), whereas the MED team saw and provided definitive care for 128 cases (45%). Overall, there were 75% with diseases and 25% with non-battle injuries. The most common diagnoses seen by the ED team were musculoskeletal injuries (17%), unidentified non-malarial undifferentiated febrile illness (UNMUFI) (17%), malaria (13%), chemical pneumonitis (13%) and wounds (8%). The most common diagnoses seen by the MED team were acute gastroenteritis (AGE) (56%), UNMUFI (12%) and malaria (9%). AGE was due to viruses (31%), diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (32%), other bacteria (6%) and protozoa (12%).ConclusionData collection on DNBIs during the initial phase of this deployment was clinically useful and integrated between different departments. However, a standardised, long-term solution that is embedded into deployed healthcare is required. The clinical activity recorded here should be used for planning, training, service development and targeted research.

Provision of Remedies for Violation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Comparative Study of the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-318
Author(s):  
Roman Girma Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Regional Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Receive

The effectiveness of human rights adjudicative procedures partly, if not most importantly, hinges upon the adequacy of the remedies they grant and the implementation of those remedies. This assertion also holds water with regard to the international and regional monitoring bodies established to receive individual complaints related to economic, social and cultural rights (hereinafter ‘ESC rights’ or ‘socio-economic rights’). Remedies can serve two major functions: they are meant, first, to rectify the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage sustained by the particular victim, and second, to resolve systematic problems existing in the state machinery in order to ensure the non-repetition of the act. Hence, the role of remedies is not confined to correcting the past but also shaping the future by providing reforming measures a state has to undertake. The adequacy of remedies awarded by international and regional human rights bodies is also assessed based on these two benchmarks. The present article examines these issues in relation to individual complaint procedures that deal with the violation of ESC rights, with particular reference to the case laws of the three jurisdictions selected for this work, i.e. the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems.

scholarly journals Does early onset asthma increase childhood obesity risk? A pooled analysis of 16 European cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1800504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuelma A. Contreras ◽  
Zhanghua Chen ◽  
Theano Roumeliotaki ◽  
Isabella Annesi-Maesano ◽  
Nour Baïz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

The parallel epidemics of childhood asthma and obesity over the past few decades have spurred research into obesity as a risk factor for asthma. However, little is known regarding the role of asthma in obesity incidence. We examined whether early-onset asthma and related phenotypes are associated with the risk of developing obesity in childhood.This study includes 21 130 children born from 1990 to 2008 in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK. We followed non-obese children at 3–4 years of age for incident obesity up to 8 years of age. Physician-diagnosed asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis were assessed up to 3–4 years of age.Children with physician-diagnosed asthma had a higher risk for incident obesity than those without asthma (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.66, 95% CI 1.18–2.33). Children with active asthma (wheeze in the last 12 months and physician-diagnosed asthma) exhibited a higher risk for obesity (aHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.31–3.00) than those without wheeze and asthma. Persistent wheezing was associated with increased risk for incident obesity compared to never wheezers (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08–2.09).Early-onset asthma and wheezing may contribute to an increased risk of developing obesity in later childhood.

scholarly journals British diplomacy of money and trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-158
Author(s):  
Ognjen Pribicevic
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
British Foreign Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Uk Foreign Policy ◽  
The Eu

Leaving the EU is one of the major political decisions made in the UK over the past half-century. Brexit brought about a virtual political earthquake not only in EU-UK relations but also in terms of UK future place and role on the international scene. Immediately after the decision of UK citizens to leave the EU at a referendum held on 23 June 2016, the question arose as to whether the UK will lose some of its international influence, whether Scotland will remain part of the Union, whether the UK will retain its privileged relations and special status with the USA, and what its future relations with the EU will be. The purpose of this article is to point to the basic priorities of the contemporary British foreign policy as well as to place and role of the UK on the contemporary international scene particularly in view of its decision to leave the EU. We shall first try to define the status of present-day Britain in international relations. Second, we shall address the traditional dilemma of the UK foreign policy - what should be given priority - relations with the USA, Europe or the Commonwealth? After that, we shall discuss in more detail the phases the UK foreign policy went through following the end of the cold war. In the third phase, we shall analyze the British contemporary foreign and economic policy towards Gulf countries and China. In the fourth part of the article, we shall discuss relations with the USA. It should be pointed out that the article does not seek to analyze all aspects of British foreign policy, even if we wanted to, due to a shortage of time. Of course, the topic of Brexit will be present in all chapters and especially in the last one and conclusion remarks. By its decision to leave the EU, the UK appears to have given priority to its relations with the USA, China, Gulf countries as well as Commonwealth countries instead of the EU which has been economically and politically dominant over the past few decades. This decision taken by UK citizens will no doubt have a great impact not only on their personal lives and standard of living but on the UK role in international relations. Despite its military, political, economic and cultural capacities, it is highly unlikely that the UK will manage to overcome the consequences of an exit from the single market, currently generating 18 trillion dollars on an annual basis as well as the loss of a privileged partner role with the USA within the Union. We are, therefore, more likely to believe that in the foreseeable future, the role of the UK on the international scene will continue to decline and be increasingly focused on its economic and financial interests. Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III 47010: Drustvene transformacije u procesu evropskih integracija - multidisciplinarni pristup]

scholarly journals “Here are the Women”

1970 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Farah Kobaissy
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Female Worker ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Sexual Discrimination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Contribution

This article sheds light on the labor movement in Egypt, examines the vital role of the Egyptian female worker within it and tries to analyze how her active contribution in the past few years has led to the emergence of women leaders who played a prominent role in strikes and protests in a number of factories and assembly lines. It also examines how much women are capable, in the midst of the said movement, of breaking the barrier of sexual discrimination.

Reaching the New Tourist Through Creativity

2022 ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Christian Stipanović ◽  
Elena Rudan ◽  
Vedran Zubović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opening Up

In today's modern world, creative expression is opening up new dimensions of business and new opportunities for economic development. One field of economic activities in which this is evident is tourism. Creativity in tourist destinations can be viewed in different ways, for example, through creative action (undertaken by destination management, residents, entrepreneurs, and tourists) and through creative spaces and creative events. Creativity plays a vital role in all elements involved in the creation of a destination's offering, regardless of which form of tourism is the focus of development efforts. Given the growing role of self-actualisation of individuals in society and the displaying of social status, creativity has in the past 20 years begun to positively impact on economy activities taking place in tourist destinations. Creativity is especially important in developing cultural tourism in all its sub-types, where it is seen as a means of animating and adding value to cultural heritage locations.

scholarly journals Situating Continuing Professional Development in Life Long Learning in Qatar

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishanth Weerakkody ◽  
Mohamad Osmani ◽  
Paul Waller ◽  
Nitham Hindi ◽  
Rajab Al-Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level

<p>Continued professional development (CPD) has been at the centre of capacity building in most successful organisations in western countries over the past few decades. Specialised professions in fields such as Accounting, Finance and ICT, to name but a few, are continuously evolving, which is necessitating certain standards to be followed through registration and certification by a designated authority (e.g. ACCA). Whilst most developed countries such as the UK and the US have well established frameworks for CPD for these professions, several developing nations, including Qatar (the chosen context for this article) are only just beginning to adopt these frameworks into their local contexts. However, the unique socio-cultural settings in such countries require these frameworks to be appropriately modified before they are adopted within the respective national context. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of CPD in Qatar through comparing the UK as a benchmark and drawing corresponding and contrasting observations to formulate a roadmap towards developing a high level framework.</p>

The End of Art and the Non-End of Religion: Hegel on Aesthetics and Religion

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
David Lê
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Per Se ◽  
End Of Art ◽  
Role Of Religion

Abstract While Hegel’s infamous “end of art” thesis states that art is “for us, a thing of the past” he insists that philosophy and, to a degree that is often underestimated by contemporary readers, religion endure within the structure of modern life. In this paper I aim to demonstrate how by focusing on Hegel’s claim that religion meets no end, we can come to a better understanding of how and why he thinks art does end. This will lead us away from common, but false, picture of Hegel as being indifferent (or even hostile) to art’s sensuous mode of intelligibility. Inasmuch as religion remains both necessarily sensuous and a component of social life that realizes freedom and divinity within modernity, the “problem” with art cannot be its sensuousness per se. What art ultimately finds itself unable to do, and what religion can do, is find a way to reconcile the destabilizing force of individual, subjective freedom with a jointly-held representation of who and what we are and what we value most, what Hegel calls “divinity” (das Göttliche). By countenancing the vital role of religion in Hegel’s thought, we can therefore better understand one of his most famous, and least understood philosophical claims.

scholarly journals Simulation past, present and future—a decade of progress in simulation-based education in the UK

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2020-000601
Author(s):  
Helen Higham
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
National Society ◽  
Interprofessional Team ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Aids ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Simulation Practice

This review will present developments in simulation-based education (SBE) over the past decade with a focus on activity in the UK’s National Health Service and the role of the national society (the Association for Simulation Practice in Healthcare). The article covers the evolution of strategic changes for the use of SBE in the UK and the operational challenges faced by clinicians and other faculty in SBE. The expansion of the evidence base to support SBE in healthcare both in technical skills and, more broadly, in interprofessional team training is explored. Finally, the wider role of simulation in patient safety and healthcare systems, including testing pathways and the development of cognitive aids and involvement of patients in SBE is considered.

Editorial

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
Chris Roseveare ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Setting ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Acute Medicine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
To Receive

After a gruelling winter and depressingly damp spring, the UK was certainly due a halfdecent summer. For once, I am told that even Scotland enjoyed some sunny intervals and the opportunity to dust off barbeques and patio furniture unused for the past few years. Hopefully you have all had a chance to recharge the batteries and prepare for whatever autumn and winter will offer up in the coming months. A surgical consultant once described to me the difference between surgeons and physicians: ‘Surgeons save lives’, he said: ‘Physicians just delay deaths’. A sweeping generalisation, of course, and thankfully the vast majority of patients admitted to the AMU continue to lead long and fulfilling lives following their hospital stay. However despite the relative infrequency of death as an outcome from medical admission, it appears that hospital mortality rate will remain a key quality indicator for the foreseeable future. Indeed, the notion of ‘excess’ hospital deaths has filled many column inches across medical and Lay Press over the summer months. For those of you who remain mystified by this complex area I would encourage you to read Ian Crossingham’s excellent summary of this issues involved in calculating mortality rates and ratios on p129 of this edition. The importance of accurate coding in calculating the Hospital Standardised Mortality Ratio (HSMR) is well recognised, but the rules around what information can be utilised to define acuity of illness in coding are complex. The table on p133 illustrates how differences in systems of acute and speciality care between different hospitals can have a major impact on how the patient’s illness is defined. Acute physicians need to understand these issues properly in order that these figures can be interpreted – if patients leave the AMU without a clear ‘working diagnosis’, acuity may be based on admission symptoms, potentially resulting in a higher HSMR. Those who are attending the October meeting of the Society for Acute Medicine will no doubt relish the opportunity to hear directly from Professor Brian Jarmann, the instigator of the HSMR and a key contributor to the recent debates on this issue. Another highlight in this edition is the problem-based review on ‘Acopia’ by Kate Granger and her geriatric colleagues from Wakefield. The authors leave no doubt in readers’ minds about their view of this term, which they describe as ‘offensive and lazy’, asserting that it is generally the doctor (and not the patient) who ‘should be able to cope better’. The article also provides an excellent summary of comprehensive geriatric assessment and how this can be applied in an acute medical setting. The need to define lists of acute and background problems in order to establish priorities for care in frail and elderly patients is highlighted, along with the danger of over-interpretation of an abnormal urine dipstick analysis. The authors helpfully provide us with some ligitimate definitions of ‘Acopia’ – apparently it can be used to describe an inability to copy and a small town in Peru without causing steam to emit from your local geriatrician. Hopefully the ‘inability to cope with a stressful situation leading to tears and breakdown’ doesn’t resonate in other ways over coming months… There is a wide variety of other articles in this edition which I hope many of you will find interesting; if you have any feedback on these or would like to correspond on any of these topics I would be delighted to receive letters which we will try to publish in future editions of the journal.

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