Racialized Sexual Discrimination (RSD) and Psychological Wellbeing among Young Sexual Minority Black Men (YSMBM) Who Seek Intimate Partners Online

Introduction Online dating is widespread among young adults, and particularly young sexual minority men. Racialized sexual discrimination (RSD), also known as “sexual racism,” is frequently reported to occur within these digital spaces and may negatively impact the psychological wellbeing of young sexual minority Black men (YSMBM). However, the association between RSD and psychological wellbeing is not well understood. Methods Using data (collected between July 2017–January 2018) from a cross-sectional web-survey of YSMBM (N = 603), six multivariable regression models were estimated to examine the association between five RSD subscales and depressive symptoms and feelings of self-worth. RSD subscales were derived from the first preliminarily validated scale of sexual racism. Results Analyses revealed that White superiority (β = .10, p < .01), same-race rejection (β = .16, p < .001), and White physical objectification (β = .14, p < .01) were all significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms, and White physical objectification (β = -.11, p < .01) was significantly associated with lower feelings of self-worth. Conclusions This study is among the first to examine the relationship between multiple, distinct manifestations of RSD and depressive symptoms and self-worth using quantitative analyses and provides evidence that RSD is negatively associated with psychological wellbeing. Policy Implications Site administrators should institute robust anti-racism policies on their platforms and hold users accountable for discriminatory behavior. Activists may also consider forming coalitions and/or developing campaigns to bring about greater awareness of RSD, in an effort to influence site administrators to enact policy change.

Sabah Feminist Novelists: Views of Their Own

This paper scrutinizes five award-winning novels by five Sabah female writers and the issues of sexual discrimination, lack of opportunities, patriarchal hegemony and the negative perceptions of the body that plague Sabah Malay women. A discursive analysis of these issues is anchored upon a gynocritic feminist approach first introduced by Elaine Showalter in her famous essay entitled "Toward a Feminist Poetics" (Newton, 1997). The purpose of this study is to uncover the concept of the feminine "self" in the Sabah context through a thirty-year interrogation represented by these five female authors' novels and narrative styles, which include an exploration of their themes, language styles and poetics through the five novels entitled Malisiah by Obasiah Hj Usman (1986), Dari dalam Cermin by Azmah Nordin (1992), Gadis Adikara by Ruhaini Matdarin (2007), Pagi di Hujung Senja by Kathirina Susanna Tati (2013) and Helaian Linangkit by Dayangku Mastura Pg. Ismail (2016).

Perlawanan Strategis Perempuan terhadap Eksploitasi Laki-laki dalam Novel Claudine en Menage (1902) Karya Gabriele Sidonie Colette

Kehidupan perempuan yang dianggap bergantung kepada laki-laki membuat perempuan diperlakukan semena-mena dan tidak adil. Claudine en Menage (1902) adalah novel karya seorang pengarang Prancis, Colette. Novel ini menceritakan tentang seorang perempuan yang hidup sebagai istri yang mengalami eksploitasi berlapis karena ras, budaya, dan seksualitasnya yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang terdekatnya, yaitu ayah dan suaminya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi ideologi dari novel terkait dengan perlawanan perempuan terhadap eksploitasi laki-laki dan mengajak pembaca untuk membuka paradigma baru yang lebih luas mengenai perlawanan perempuan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori perlawanan perempuan dari Hélène Cixous, yang berpendapat bahwa perempuan dengan keahlian dan kemampuannya menulis mampu keluar dari belenggu penindasan yang mereka alami. Teori interseksionalitas dari Kimberlé Crénshaw, yang menerangkan tentang diskriminasi ganda perempuan yang bersifat interseksional yang memuat aspek ras, budaya, agama, serta seksualitas juga dijadikan lensa pendukung di dalam tulisan ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi cerita dengan fokus pengumpulan data dan analisis data pada kemampuan perempuan keluar dari belenggu patriarki dan mampu menjadi perempuan independen dengan kemampuan yang mereka miliki.Women's lives are seen as dependent on men, and as such they are prone to abuse and unfair treatment. Claudine en Menage (1902) is a novel written by the French author Colette, which narrates a woman's experiences with racial, cultural, and sexual exploitation at the hands of her father and husband. This study seeks to explore the novel's ideology, as related to its depiction of women's resistance to male exploitation and its invitation to readers to explore broader paradigms about said resistance. This study employs Hélène Cixous' theory of struggle, which holds that women are able to penetrate the barriers of oppression through their writing skills and abilities, and Kimberlé Crénshaw's theory of intersectionality, which holds that sexual discrimination intersects with racial, cultural, religious, and sexuality discrimination. This study uses content analysis methode, with a particular focus on collecting and analyzing data that depict women's ability to shatter barriers of patriarchy and become independent through their own abilities.

O44 Gender bias and sexual discrimination in orthopaedics: time for change

Introduction Gender bias and sexual discrimination (GBSD) have been widely recognized across a range of fields and are now part of the wider social consciousness. Such conduct can occur in the medical workplace, with detrimental effects on recipients. The aim of this review was to identify the prevalence and impact of GBSD in orthopaedic surgery, as well as mitigating strategies. Method A systematic review was conducted by searching Medline, EMCARE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library Database. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Original research papers pertaining to the prevalence and impact of GBSD, or mitigating strategies, within orthopaedics were reviewed. Result Of 570 papers, 27 were eligible for inclusion. These were published between 1998 and 2020. 13 papers discussed the prevalence of GBSD, 13 related to the impact of these behaviours, and six discussed mitigating strategies. GBSD was found to be common in the orthopaedic workplace, with all sources showing women to be the subjects. Effects include poor workforce representation, lower salaries, and less career success for women in orthopaedics. Mitigating strategies in the literature are focused on providing female role models, mentors, and educational interventions. Conclusion GBSD is common in orthopaedic surgery, with a substantial impact on sufferers. A small number of mitigating strategies have been tested but these are limited in their scope. As such, the orthopaedic community is obliged to participate in more thoughtful and proactive strategies that mitigate against GBSD, by improving female recruitment and retention within the specialty. Take-home Message Gender bias and sexual discrimination remain common within orthopaedics. The international orthopaedic community is obliged to do more to tackle this problem.

Psychosocial Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People Living in Portugal and Brazil—A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Not many studies have been reported from Portugal or Brazil to date, reading the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people, especially from a qualitative perspective. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 65 self-identified LGB individuals from Portugal and Brazil participated in this study. Thirty-two participants were from Portugal and 33 from Brazil. The average age was 34.48 years (standard deviation = 11.66), ranging from 19 to 67. We used an online interview approach in an asynchronous format. All study respondents completed a structured inquiry consisting of a short section of sociodemographic questions and a single open-ended question: “As a lesbian, gay, bisexual (or other) self-identified person, please elaborate on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted your life.” Results: The thematic analysis of participants’ responses revealed 9 recurring themes, encompassing 18 subcategories to occur: mental health (depression, anxiety, fear, anger, and loneliness), isolation (social distancing and leisure impediments), relationships (family and friends), work-related problems, education-related problems, financial problems, changes (behavioral changes and opportunity to grow), coping (seeking support, accessing information and physical activities), and LGBTQI topics (health barriers, going back into the closet, pride celebration events, and online dating). Conclusions: Our results provide voice to LGB Portuguese and Brazilian people during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrating specific challenges exacerbated by stigma and sexual discrimination amplified by preexistent social inequalities.

988 The Prevalence and Incidence of Gender Bias and Sexual Discrimination in Orthopaedics, and Mitigating Strategies: A Systematic Review

Background The aim of this systematic review was to outline the prevalence and impact of Gender bias and sexual discrimination (GBSD) in orthopaedics, and to investigate interventions countering such behaviours. Method Original research papers pertaining to the prevalence and impact of gender bias or sexual discrimination, or mitigating strategies in orthopaedics, were suitable for inclusion. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to in this review. Results Of 570 papers, 27 were eligible for inclusion. A total of 13 papers discussed the prevalence of GBSD, whilst 13 related to the impact of these behaviours, and 6 discussed mitigating strategies. GBSD were found to be prevalent in the orthopaedic workplace, with all sources showing females to be the victims. The impact of GBSD includes poor workforce representation, lower salaries, barriers to career progression, and reduced academic output for females in orthopaedics. Mitigating strategies in the literature are focussed on encouraging females to apply for orthopaedic training programmes, by providing female role models, mentors, and educational interventions. Conclusions GBSD are highly prevalent in orthopaedic surgery, impacting females at all stages of their careers. Mitigating strategies have been tested but are limited in their scope. As such, the orthopaedic community as a whole is obliged to do more to tackle GBSD.

The Sacred and the Profane: Menstrual Flow and Religious Values

Most religious texts and practices warrant the exclusion of women from religious rituals and public spheres during the menstrual flow. This is seemingly at odds with the very idea of ‘Religion’ which binds the human beings with God without any gender and sexual discrimination. The present article attempts to problematize the ascription of negative values on menstruating women prevalent in both Hinduism and Christianity, two major world religions of the East and the West. After briefly stating the patriarchal values that restrict women from participating in religious rituals and shaming them during menstruation as seen from both these religions, the article highlights the alternate feminist perspectives in beliefs that positively value the menstruating bodies. Thus, the notion of profanity is revalued as sacred in these alternate religious perspectives. Drawing from the writings of Mary Douglas, we then examine the connection between the notion of purity/impurity and menstruation and argue that what makes something pure or impure depends upon the archetype the society chooses to represent itself. In itself, nothing is either pure or impure in the sense of having a value or disvalue. This argument is exemplified through a feministic-hermeneutic approach to the religious practices in two major world religions. The article concludes by uncovering the patriarchal values held by religions as the cause of menstrual taboos in religious practices and argues that the notions of purity/impurity and sacred/profane are the results of the valuations made—from a patriarchal or feministic perspective.