scholarly journals Does nephrotic syndrome without chronic kidney disease increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease and secondary parkinsonism? A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e020821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Hao Huang ◽  
Hsiang-Cheng Chen ◽  
Yu-Ching Chou ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chia-Hung Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesPrevious research has shown that patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) have a higher risk of cognitive impairment, dementia or neurodegenerative disorder. The present study aimed to examine a relationship, if any exists between NS and Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder and secondary parkinsonism (sPS).MethodsA nationwide retrospective observational study conducted using data from the 2000–2010 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. This study included 3663 patients with NS and 14 652 randomly selected, age-matched and sex-matched patients without NS. A Cox multivariable proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk of PD and sPS (PDsPS) in the NS cohort.ResultsThis study identified a positive association between NS and the risk of PDsPS in both men and women and in all age groups (adjusted HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.66). Compared with patients without NS and comorbidities, those with NS with two or more comorbidities exhibited an 8.23-fold higher risk of PDsPS (95% CI 6.22 to 10.9) and patients with NS and one comorbidity exhibited a 2.93-fold higher risk of PDsPS (95% CI 2.37 to 3.63).ConclusionsPatients with NS have an increased risk of PDsPS. This increased risk may be related to brain vascular damage or blood–brain barrier impairment. Further research is necessary to explore the underlying relationship between NS and PDsPS.

The Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Hirsch ◽  
Nathalie Jette ◽  
Alexandra Frolkis ◽  
Thomas Steeves ◽  
Tamara Pringsheim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Epidemiological studies on the incidence of PD are important to better understand the risk factors for PD and determine the condition's natural history. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the incidence of PD and its variation by age and gender. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for epidemiologic studies of PD from 2001 to 2014, as a previously published systematic review included studies published until 2001. Data were analyzed separately for age group and gender, and meta-regression was used to determine whether a significant difference was present between groups. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis of international studies showed rising incidence with age in both men and women. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the 80+ group, which may be explained by methodological differences between studies. While males had a higher incidence of PD in all age groups, this difference was only statistically significant for those in the age range 60-69 and 70-79 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PD incidence generally increases with age, although it may stabilize in those who are 80+.

scholarly journals Positive association of Parkinson’s disease with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Chiang Yeh ◽  
Hsiang-Cheng Chen ◽  
Yu-Ching Chou ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chia-Hung Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by excessive production of inflammatory cytokines. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation underlies the neurodegenerative process of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Whether AS has an influence on the development of PD is unclear. We aimed to examine a relationship, if any exists between AS and PD. Methods A population-based matched cohort study was performed using data from the 2000–2010 Taiwan National Health Insurance database. 6440 patients with AS and 25,760 randomly selected, age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study. The risk of PD in the AS cohort was evaluated by using a Cox model. Results This study revealed a positive association between AS and the risk of PD regardless of sex and age (aHR 1.75, p < .001). Particularly, AS cohort to non-AS cohort relative risk of PD significantly increased for the patients aged below 49 and above 65 years (aHR 4.70, p < .001; aHR 1.69, p < .001, respectively) and the patients with and without comorbidities (aHR 1.61, p < .001; aHR 2.71, p < .001, respectively). Furthermore, NSAID use was associated with lower risk of PD (aHR 0.69, p < .05). However, the risk of PD was higher (aHR 2.40, p < .01) in patients with AS receiving immunosuppressants than in those not receiving (aHR 1.70, p < .001). Conclusions Patients with AS had an increased risk of PD which might be related to underlying chronic inflammation. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals Associations between concussion and risk of diagnosis of psychological and neurological disorders: a retrospective population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e000390
Author(s):  
Marc P Morissette ◽  
Heather J Prior ◽  
Robert B Tate ◽  
John Wade ◽  
Jeff R S Leiter
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between concussion and the risk of follow-up diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood and anxiety disorders (MADs), dementia and Parkinson’s disease.DesignA retrospective population-based cohort study.SettingAdministrative health data for the Province of Manitoba between 1990–1991 and 2014–2015.ParticipantsA total of 47 483 individuals were diagnosed with a concussion using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (ICD-9-CM: 850; ICD-10-CA: S06.0). All concussed subjects were matched with healthy controls at a 3:1 ratio based on age, sex and geographical location. Associations between concussion and conditions of interest diagnosed later in life were assessed using a stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model, with adjustments for socioeconomic status and pre-existing medical conditions.Results28 021 men (mean age ±SD, 25±18 years) and 19 462 women (30±21 years) were included in the concussion group, while 81 871 men (25±18 years) and 57 159 women (30±21 years) were included in the matched control group. Concussion was associated with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.39 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.46, p<0.001) for ADHD, 1.72 (95% CI 1.69 to 1.76; p<0.001) for MADs, 1.72 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.84; p<0.001) for dementia and 1.57 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.75; p<0.001) for Parkinson’s disease.ConclusionConcussion was associated with an increased risk of diagnosis for all four conditions of interest later in life.

scholarly journals Risk of pleural empyema in patients with schizophrenia: a nationwide propensity-matched cohort study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e021187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te-Chun Shen ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Yu-Jhen Huang ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Ting-Chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comparison Cohort

ObjectiveThoracic infection and pneumonia are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia; however, it is unclear whether patients with schizophrenia are at an increased risk of developing pleural empyema.DesignA retrospective cohort study with propensity-matched cohorts with and without schizophrenia.SettingUsing the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan.ParticipantsWe identified 55 888 patients with schizophrenia newly diagnosed in 2000–2011 and same number of individuals without schizophrenia as the comparison cohort, frequency matched by propensity scores estimated using age, sex, occupation, income, urbanisation, year of diagnosis and comorbidities.Primary outcome measuresWe assessed incident pleural empyema by the end of 2011 and used the Cox proportional hazards model to calculate the schizophrenia cohort to comparison cohort HR of pleural empyema.ResultsThe overall incidence of pleural empyema was 2.44-fold greater in the schizophrenia cohort than in the comparison cohort (4.39vs1.80 per 10 000 person-years), with an adjusted HR of 2.87(95% CI 2.14 to 3.84). Stratified analyses by age, sex, occupation, income, urbanisation and comorbidity revealed significant hazards for pleural empyema associated with schizophrenia in all subgroups.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia are at an increased risk of developing pleural empyema and require greater attention and appropriate support.

scholarly journals Golf as a Physical Activity to Potentially Reduce the Risk of Falls in Older Adults with Parkinson’s Disease

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Rebecca R. Bliss ◽  
Frank C. Church
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Golf Club ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Advanced age is associated with an increased risk for falls in aging adults. Older adults are also more likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD), with advanced age as the most significant risk factor. PD is a neurodegenerative disorder with four Cardinal motor symptoms: rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and tremor. Thus, people (person)-with-Parkinson’s disease (PwP) have an even greater risk of falling than non-disorder age-matched peers. Exercise is an activity requiring physical effort, typically carried out to sustain or improve overall health and fitness, and it lowers the risk of falls in the general population. The sport of golf provides a low-impact all-around workout promoting a range of motion, activation of muscles in the upper and lower body, flexibility, and balance. Swinging a golf club offers a unique combination of high amplitude axial rotation, strengthening postural musculature, coordination, and stabilization, demonstrating the potential to impact PD symptoms positively. Golf may be a novel exercise treatment regimen for PD to use in conjunction with traditional medical therapy. We completed a literature review to determine the relationship between the game of golf, PD, and the risk of falls. We concluded that regularly playing golf can lower the risk for falls in community ambulating older adults with PD and demonstrates the potential to improve quality of life for PwP.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus infection associated with increased risk of new-onset psoriasis: a nationwide population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 786-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Li Chen ◽  
Wei-Ming Kao ◽  
Jing-Yang Huang ◽  
Yao-Min Hung ◽  
James Cheng-Chung Wei
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background This study investigated whether patients with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are at increased risk of developing psoriasis. Methods We enrolled 66 274 patients with HPV infection between 1997 and 2013 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and compared them with control individuals who had never been diagnosed with HPV infection (at a 1:4 ratio matched by age, sex and index year) in relation to the risk of developing psoriasis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the control group as reference. Results The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.177 (95% CI, 1.010–1.373) after adjusting for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, dermatology-related outpatient visits and medications. The HPV group had an increased risk of psoriasis compared with the control group in all of the different age groups. The P-value for interaction between age and exposure of HPV is 0.009 in our sub-group analysis. Conclusions A higher risk of psoriasis was found after HPV infection, and age acted as an effect modifier between the HPV infection and risk of psoriasis.

scholarly journals Osteoporosis and the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Nationwide, Propensity Score–Matched, Longitudinal Follow-up Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Hao Feng ◽  
Ya-Ping Huang ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Yeh ◽  
Shin-Liang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Context Osteoporosis and Parkinson’s disease (PD) often co-occur, and even patients with early-stage PD may have reduced bone-mineral density levels. This may imply that osteoporosis is associated with a higher risk of PD. Objectives This work aimed to determine whether patients with osteoporosis are at a higher risk of subsequently developing PD. Design and Setting A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Participants A total of 23 495 individuals age 50 to 80 years who had osteoporosis between 2002 and 2006 were enrolled in the osteoporosis group. The comparison group comprised 23 495 propensity score–matched patients without osteoporosis. Their propensity scores were computed using a logistic regression model that included age, sex, comorbid conditions, and socioeconomic status. Results The hazard ratio (HR) of PD for the osteoporosis group was 1.31 times larger than that of the comparison group (95% CI, 1.13-1.50, P &lt; .001). The PD-free survival rate of the osteoporosis group was also significantly lower than that of the comparison group (P &lt; .001). The analyses stratified by sex showed that women with osteoporosis appeared to have a higher magnitude of PD HR (HR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.27-1.77, P &lt; .001) than their male counterparts (HR 1.23; 95% CI, 0.93-1.64, P = .15). Conclusions The present study’s results suggest that osteoporosis is related to an increased risk of PD, especially among women.

scholarly journals Milk and Fermented Milk Intake and Parkinson’s Disease: Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2763
Author(s):  
Erika Olsson ◽  
Liisa Byberg ◽  
Jonas Höijer ◽  
Lena Kilander ◽  
Susanna C. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Milk and fermented milk consumption has been linked to health and mortality but the association with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is uncertain. We conducted a study to investigate whether milk and fermented milk intakes are associated with incident PD. This cohort study included 81,915 Swedish adults (with a mean age of 62 years) who completed a questionnaire, including questions about milk and fermented milk (soured milk and yogurt) intake, in 1997. PD cases were identified through linkage with the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were obtained from Cox proportional hazards regression models. During a mean follow-up of 14.9 years, 1251 PD cases were identified in the cohort. Compared with no or low milk consumption (<40 mL/day), the hazard ratios of PD across quintiles of milk intake were 1.29 (95% CI 1.07, 1.56) for 40–159 mL/day, 1.19 (95% CI 0.99, 1.42) for 160–200 mL/day, 1.29 (95% CI 1.08, 1.53) for 201–400 mL/day, and 1.14 (95% CI 0.93, 1.40) for >400 mL/day. Fermented milk intake was not associated with PD. We found a weak association between milk intake and increased risk of PD but no dose–response relationship. Fermented milk intake was not associated with increased risk of PD.

Dietary Phytoestrogens: Neuroprotective Role in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsas Goyal ◽  
Aanchal Verma ◽  
Neetu Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Increased Risk

: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive damage of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and the striatal projections. Recent studies suggest that estrogen and estrogen-like chemicals have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases, particularly PD. Animal studies demonstrate that estrogen influences dopamine’s synthesis, release, and metabolism. In vivo studies have also shown the significant beneficial effects of estrogen in shielding the brain from neurodegenerative processes like PD. Moreover, the expression and function of dopamine receptors can be modified by estrogen. Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal compounds derived from plants present in a large spectrum of foods, most specifically soy, and in numerous dietary supplements. Phytoestrogens share structural and functional similarities with 17β-estradiol and can be used as an alternative treatment for PD because of estrogen’s undesirable effects, such as the increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer, ischemic disorders, and irregular bleeding. Despite the beneficial effects of phytoestrogens, their impact on human health may depend on age, health status, and even the presence or absence of specific gut microflora. In addition to their antioxidant properties, soy products or phytoestrogens also exhibit neuroprotective activity in patients with PD via interaction with estrogen receptors (ER) α and β, with a higher affinity for ERβ. Phytoestrogens offer a valuable model for fully exploring the biological effects of endocrine disruptors in general. However, observational studies and randomized controlled trials in humans have resulted in inconclusive findings within this domain. This review considered the evidence in animal models and human epidemiological data as to whether developmental exposure to various phytoestrogen classes adversely or beneficially impacts the neurobehavioral programming in PD.

Risk of Parkinson’s disease among patients with herpes zoster: a nationwide longitudinal study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
Chih-Ming Cheng ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Chia-Fen Tsai ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai ◽  
Yi-Hui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
System Utilization ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies suggested a potential role of viral infection in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the association between herpes zoster and PD was not investigated well till now.MethodsUsing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 13 083 patients aged ≥45 years with herpes zoster and 52 332 (1:4) age-/sex-matched controls were enrolled between 1998 and 2008 and followed to the end of 2011. Those who developed PD during the follow-up period were identified.ResultsThe Cox regression analysis with adjustment of demographic characteristics, health system utilization, and comorbidities demonstrated that patients with herpes zoster had an increased risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-2.28) of developing PD in later life compared to the control group. Sensitivity tests after excluding the first year (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.16-1.93) and first 2-year (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.10-1.88) observation periods showed consistent results.ConclusionsPatients with herpes zoster were more likely to develop PD in later life compared to the controls. Additional studies are necessary for validating our results and to clarify the underlying pathophysiology between herpes zoster and PD.

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