scholarly journals Intended place of residence in old age of internal migrants aged 15–64 years: a citywide cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e026027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
Yanyan Mao ◽  
An-na Chen ◽  
Xiao-ping Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Western China ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Internal Migrants

ObjectivesTo explore the intentions of working-age internal migrants concerning their place of residence in old age and the relevant influencing factors.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted in the 17 districts of Shanghai, China in 2013. Through multi-stage stratified sampling with probability proportional to size, 7968 internal migrants (aged 15–64 years) were selected and interviewed individually face to face. The primary outcome concerned the intended place of residence in old age of internal migrants living in Shanghai. Information was collected on demographic characteristics, health insurance, economic condition and participation in social activities. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyse the factors influencing migrants’ intentions concerning their place of residence in old age.ResultsA total of 7927 working-age migrants with complete data were analysed. Of these, 57.0% intended to live in their hometown in old age, 17.7% planned to remain in Shanghai and 25.3% were undecided. Those respondents who were male, less educated, from rural areas or Western China, living in rental houses or who had left family members behind in their hometowns were more likely to choose their hometown as their intended residence in old age (p<0.05). Engagement in business, longer residence duration, possession of social insurance and participation in social activities in Shanghai were identified as possible motivators for migrants who intended to remain in Shanghai in old age (p<0.05).ConclusionsMost of the migrants expressed an intention to remigrate to their hometowns in old age. Education, economic capacity and social insurance influenced internal migrants in their decision. Relevant authorities should monitor the remigration pattern of ageing migrants, strengthen the senior care system and prepare health service resources that are more adequate, especially in the provinces or cities whence the migrants came.

scholarly journals Acute food insecurity and short-term coping strategies of urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic of 2020: report of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e043365
Author(s):  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Md. Golam Rasul ◽  
Md Shabab Hossain ◽  
Ar-Rafi Khan ◽  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Insecure Households

IntroductionWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the extent and to identify the determinants of food insecurity and coping strategies in urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the month-long, COVID-19 lockdown period.SettingSelected urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.Participants106 urban and 106 rural households.Outcome variables and methodHousehold food insecurity status and the types of coping strategies were the outcome variables for the analyses. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants.ResultsWe found that around 90% of the households were suffering from different grades of food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was higher in urban (42%) than rural (15%) households. The rural households with mild/moderate food insecurity adopted either financial (27%) or both financial and food compromised (32%) coping strategies, but 61% of urban mild/moderate food insecure households applied both forms of coping strategies. Similarly, nearly 90% of severely food insecure households implemented both types of coping strategies. Living in poorest households was significantly associated (p value <0.05) with mild/moderate (regression coefficient, β: 15.13, 95% CI 14.43 to 15.82), and severe food insecurity (β: 16.28, 95% CI 15.58 to 16.97). The statistically significant (p <0.05) determinants of both food compromised and financial coping strategies were living in urban areas (β: 1.8, 95% CI 0.44 to 3.09), living in poorest (β: 2.7, 95% CI 1 to 4.45), poorer (β: 2.6, 95% CI 0.75 to 4.4) and even in the richer (β: 1.6, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.9) households and age of the respondent (β: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.21).ConclusionBoth urban and rural households suffered from moderate to severe food insecurity during the month-long lockdown period in Bangladesh. But, poorest, poorer and even the richer households adopted different coping strategies that might result in long-term economic and nutritional consequences.

scholarly journals Factors influencing sustainability of open defecation free (ODF) status in rural India: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
P S Janaki Krishna ◽  
R K Mishra ◽  
Maschendar Goud
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Free Status

Tackling a simple and sensitive concern of ‘Open Defecation (OD)’ is such a compounded and righteous challenge that enormous efforts and resources are needed to bring in the desired changes in the villages. Towards this, attaining open defecation free (ODF) status by providing toilet facilities to every household is the foremost step in rural sanitation programme under Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin (SBM –G) being implemented by the Government of India. The present paper aims to examine the factors that have influence in attaining ODF status in rural areas. In this study, various parameters that contribute to attaining ODF status in the villages were identified and an extensive primary survey was conducted in 32,390 households across 686 rural villages in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh, India. The empirical analysis of the data using a multinomial logistic regression model revealed that the factors such as water availability, safe excreta disposal, technology used for toilet construction and awareness on Swachh Bharat have an influence in achieving the open defecation free status in the villages to a greater extent.

scholarly journals Maternal depressive symptoms and early childhood development: the role of mother–child interactions among mother–child dyads in rural areas of Central and Western China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11060
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Chenlu Yang ◽  
Yuning Yang ◽  
Xiaona Huang ◽  
Yinping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Western China ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simple Slope ◽  
Development Outcomes

Background The associations among maternal depressive symptoms (MDS), mother–child interactions and early child development are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the role of mother–child interactions on the associations between MDS and child development. Methods A cross-sectional study with a multistage sampling method was conducted in rural areas of Central and Western China. MDS, child development outcomes (communication, gross motor function, fine motor function, problem solving and personal social skills) and mother–child interactions were assessed by The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, the Chinese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, respectively. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results A total of 2,548 participants (mothers: 1,274; children: 1,274) were included in our analyses. MDS was negatively associated with child development outcomes and mother–child interactions partly mediated these associations. The proportion of the mediating effect of mother–child interactions was 7.7% for communication, 8.2% for gross motor, 10.3% for fine motor, 10.1% for problem-solving and 9.5% for personal social domains. In addition, the interaction effects of MDS and mother–child interactions on the communication domain were significant (β = 0.070, 95% CI 0.016, 0.124; p = 0.011). The associations between MDS and child communication abilities were weaker at the high level (simple slope = −0.019, t =  − 0.458, p = 0.647) of mother–child interactions than at the mean level (simple slope = −0.089, t =  − 3.190, p = 0.002) and the low level (simple slope = −0.158, t =  − 4.231, p < 0.001). Similar moderating effects were not observed in the other child development outcomes. Conclusion Our results suggest the important role of mother–child interactions on the associations between MDS and early childhood development. Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, these associations require further investigation in prospective studies.

scholarly journals Urban and Rural Disparities in Hospital Utilization among Indonesian Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Dwi LAKSONO ◽  
Ratna Dwi WULANDARI ◽  
Oedojo SOEDIRHAM
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospital Utilization ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban Rural

Background: Equal access to healthcare facilities, patient’s satisfaction, and respect for the desire of the patient were recognized as the basic principles of each of the health care system. Each person must be given the opportunity to access health services in accordance with the requirements of their health. We aimed to prove the existence of disparities hospital utilization based on the category of urban-rural areas. Methods: The research used the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (RKD) as analysis material, that was designed a cross-sectional survey. With the multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 722,329 respondents were obtained. Data were analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression tests. Results: The results showed adults living in urban were likely to use hospital outpatient facilities 1.246 times higher than adults living in rural areas (OR 1.246; 95% CI 1.026 – 1.030). The likelihood of utilizing at the same time outpatient and inpatient facilities at 1.134 times higher in adults living in urban than those in rural areas (OR 1.134; 95% CI 1.025 - 1.255). While for the category of hospital inpatient utilization, there was no significant difference. Conclusion: There was a disparity in hospital utilization between urban-rural areas. Urban show better utilization than rural areas in outpatient and at the same time the use of inpatient care

scholarly journals Residence and young women’s comprehensive HIV knowledge in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Beletew Abate ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha Kassie ◽  
Melese Abate Reta ◽  
Gillian H. Ice ◽  
Zelalem T. Haile
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global health problem. The epidemic is very serious in sub-Saharan Africa with approximately 70% of the global cases. The disease particularly affects youth, accounting for half of the new HIV infections yearly. Inadequate knowledge may contribute to the high rates among youth. Hence, the main aim of this study was to examine the association between residence and comprehensive HIV knowledge among women aged 15–24 years in Ethiopia. Methods This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey (n = 5926). Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression modeling were performed. Results Approximately 23.9% of the study participants had a comprehensive HIV knowledge and 74.7% were rural residents. In the multivariable-adjusted model, we found a significant interaction between place of residence and HIV testing on comprehensive HIV knowledge (P for interaction = 0.005). In the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant associations between place of residence and comprehensive HIV knowledge was found only in women who have never been tested for HIV. In this subgroup, rural women had lower odds of having a comprehensive HIV knowledge compared to their urban counterparts (OR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23–0.74; P = 0.003). Furthermore, in the subgroup of women who have never been tested for HIV, education and region were significantly associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge. Compared to women with no education, the odds of having a comprehensive HIV knowledge were higher in women who had primary (OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.63–5.02; P < 0.001) and secondary or above education (OR 5.49, 95% CI: 2.92–10.32; P < 0.001), respectively. The odds of having a comprehensive HIV knowledge were lower in women from the Somali region compared to women from Addis Ababa region (OR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.90; P = 0.027). Conclusions Rural residence was negatively associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge only in women who have never been tested for HIV. These findings suggest that the development and implementation HIV education and awareness programs should target rural areas, especially where there is limited access to HIV testing.

scholarly journals General and abdominal obesity in adults living in a rural area in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 7s ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Martins-Silva ◽  
Christian Loret de Mola ◽  
Juliana Dos Santos Vaz ◽  
Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and the concomitant presence of both outcomes and their determinants among adults living in a rural area. METHODS: This cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out in a medium-sized city in the southern region of Brazil. We evaluated three outcomes: general obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m²), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 102 cm and ≥ 88 cm in men and women, respectively), and concomitant obesities, classified as: no risk, only one risk factor, and aggregate factors. We performed crude and adjusted Poisson regression analyses for each obesity outcome and multinomial logistic regression for metabolic risk. We considered demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as independent variables. RESULTS: A total of 1,433 individuals were included in the study. Of them, 29.5% presented general obesity and 37.8% presented abdominal obesity. We observed the presence of a risk factor in 15.8% of the sample, while 25.8% presented aggregate factors. The risk of general and abdominal obesity and concomitant outcomes increased significantly with age in both sexes. Richer men were at increased risk for general obesity (PR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0–2.9), abdominal obesity (PR = 1.8; 95%CI 1.1–2.9), and aggregate factors (OR = 1.9; 95%CI 1.4–5.8). An education level of twelve years or more was a protective factor for women in relation to abdominal obesity (PR = 0.4; 95%CI 0.2–0.8) and aggregate factors (OR = 0.2; 95%CI 0.05–0.7). Rural activity reduced the risk of general obesity (PR = 0.6; 95%CI 0.5–0.8) and aggregate factors (OR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.3–0.8) in women, and the risk of abdominal obesity (PR = 0.6; 95%CI 0.5–0.8) and presence of a risk factor (OR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.3–0.7) in men. Skin color and time lived in rural areas were not statistically associated with the outcomes studied. CONCLUSIONS: We observed high prevalences of general and abdominal obesity in this population, which is consistent with the values found in urban populations. However, rural activities were a protective factor for obesity outcomes

scholarly journals Geographical variation and urban-rural disparity of overweight and obesity in Chinese school-aged children between 2010 and 2014: two successive national cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e025559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
Yinghua Ma ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Zhiyong Zou ◽  
Peijin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Western China ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

PurposeThe urban-rural disparity for childhood overweight and obesity shows different patterns in most countries. This study aimed to examine the recent trend of urban-rural disparity for childhood overweight and obesity at national and subnational levels in Chinese children from 2010 to 2014.DesignTwo successive national cross-sectional studies. Overweight and obesity were classified using Chinese national age-specific and sex-specific body mass index reference. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was compared between urban and rural areas at national and subnational levels.SettingThirty-one provinces in China.ParticipantsData were obtained from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 2010 and 2014 with 215 214 (107 741 in 2010 and 107 473 in 2014) children aged 7–12 years.ResultsThe overweight and obesity prevalence increased from 17.1% in 2010 to 22.5% in 2014. The overweight and obesity prevalence in both urban and rural areas was higher in the eastern provinces but lower in the western provinces. The urban-rural disparity in overweight and obesity decreased steadily from 2010 to 2014 (1.79 to 1.42 for prevalence OR). There was greater urban-rural disparity in western China than eastern China. A reversal occurred in 2014 in several eastern provinces where the overweight and obesity prevalence in rural children surpassed that of their urban peers.ConclusionsA narrowing urban-rural disparity and the reversal signal between urban and rural areas in overweight and obesity would contribute to a growing proportion of obese children in rural areas. Therefore, urgent region-specific policies and interventions with a forward-looking approach should be considered for Chinese children, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals Urban vs Rural Factors Associated with Anemia in Haitian School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1470-1470
Author(s):  
Ana Palacios ◽  
Jeanne Freeland-Graves ◽  
Lora Iannotti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intestinal Worm ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Children from urban areas in Haiti have a higher prevalence of anemia vs. rural (71% vs. 51%, respectively). The objective of this study was to identify the mediating factors between urban-rural residence and anemia. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data from two clustered randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy of a nutrition intervention. A total of 981 children from Cap Haitien, and 300 children from rural areas of the same region were included. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to identify associations with anemia. Models were adjusted for age, school cluster and income. Significant variables were then included in a mediation analysis to explore the relationship between place of residence and child anemia. Results The odds of anemia were 2.35 times greater in children from urban vs. rural areas. Older age was inversely associated with anemia in rural and urban children, [OR = 0.88 95% CI (0.81–0.96)] and [OR 0.93; 95% CI (0.88–1.00)], respectively. In rural areas, stunting increased the odds of anemia, [OR = 3.41; 95% CI (1.45–7.80)], while households with more adults lowered the odds, [OR = 0.74; 95% CI (0.62–0.98)]. In the urban context, the odds of anemia were greater when intestinal worm morbidities were reported, [OR 1.74; 95% CI (1.13–2.68)]. Among number of adults living in the household, stunting and intestinal helminth morbidities, the latter partially mediated the relationship between anemia and place of residence (P = 0.03). Conclusions Younger children are at a higher odds of suffering anemia in both rural and urban contexts. In rural areas, stunting increased the odds of anemia, while larger households with more adults lowered it. Children with intestinal worm morbidities had a greater odds of anemia in urban locations, and mediated the relationship between anemia and place of residence. Findings from this study suggest the need to develop site-specific interventions in Haiti, highlighting the importance of additional, non-nutritional factors of anemia in this population. Funding Sources The original trials received United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Foreign Agricultural Service Micronutrient Fortified Food Aid Products program FFE-521–2012/034–00.

scholarly journals Quality of life based on level of physical activity among elderly residents of urban and rural areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezar Grontowski Ribeiro ◽  
Fátima Ferretti ◽  
Clodoaldo Antônio de Sá
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: To analyze quality of life (QOL) according to level of physical activity among elderly persons living in rural (RA) and urban (UA) areas. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study, analyzing 358 elderly residents of RA and 139 of UA, in the municipal region of Palmas, Paraná, Brazil was performed. Quality of life, level of physical activity and economic condition were evaluated. For the analysis of the continuous variables, the student’s t-test or the Mann-Whitney test were used, based on the normality or otherwise of the data. Pearson's chi-squared or Fischer’s exact test were used to analyze the categorical variables. Results: The general perception of QOL reported in RA was better than in UA (p<0.05). The analysis of the level of physical activity according to place of residence showed that the elderly are more physically active in RA (p<0.05), whereas insufficiently active or sedentary subjects prevail in UA. The variables age and gender were not associated with QOL (p>0.05), irrespective of place of residence, and active elderly persons had better QOL scores than insufficiently active or sedentary individuals, again irrespective of place of residence (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that QOL is positively influenced by both maintaining satisfactory levels of physical activity and by residing in RA. It is important to establish public policies aimed at ensuring a more active and independent old age, thus generating greater health and quality of life.

scholarly journals Assessing the household economic burden of non-communicable diseases in India: evidence from repeated cross-sectional surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veenapani Rajeev Verma ◽  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
Umakant Dash
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Financial Risk Protection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
Risk Protection

Abstract Background Financing for NCDs is encumbered by out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) assuming catastrophic proportions. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the extent of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) on NCDs, which are burgeoning in India. Thus, our paper aims to examine the extent of CHE and impoverishment in India, in conjunction with socio-economic determinants impacting the CHE. Methods We used cross-sectional data from nationwide healthcare surveys conducted in 2014 and 2017–18. OOPE on both outpatient and inpatient treatment was coalesced to estimate CHE on NCDs. Incidence of CHE was defined as proportion of households with OOPE exceeding 10% of household expenditure. Intensity of catastrophe was ascertained by the measure of Overshoot and Mean Positive Overshoot Indices. Further, impoverishing effects of OOPE were assessed by computing Poverty Headcount Ratio and Poverty Gap Index using India’s official poverty line. Concomitantly, we estimated the inequality in incidence and intensity of catastrophic payments using Concentration Indices. Additionally, we delineated the factors associated with catastrophic expenditure using Multinomial Logistic Regression. Results Results indicated enormous incidence of CHE with around two-third households with NCDs facing CHE. Incidence of CHE was concentrated amongst poor that further extended from 2014(CI = − 0.027) to 2017–18(CI = − 0.065). Intensity of CHE was colossal as households spent 42.8 and 34.9% beyond threshold in 2014 and 2017-18 respectively with poor enduring greater overshoot vis-à-vis rich (CI = − 0.18 in 2014 and CI = − 0.23 in 2017–18). Significant immiserating impact of NCDs was unraveled as one-twelfth in 2014 and one-eighth households in 2017–18 with NCD burden were pushed to poverty with poverty deepening effect to the magnitude of 27.7 and 30.1% among those already below poverty on account of NCDs in 2014 and 2017–18 respectively. Further, large inter-state heterogeneities in extent of CHE and impoverishment were found and multivariate analysis indicated absence of insurance cover, visiting private providers, residing in rural areas and belonging to poorest expenditure quintile were associated with increased likelihood of incurring CHE. Conclusion Substantial proportion of households face CHE and subsequent impoverishment due to NCD related expenses. Concerted efforts are required to augment the financial risk protection to the households, especially in regions with higher burden of NCDs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document