scholarly journals Social and spatial inequalities in allostatic load among adults in China: a multilevel longitudinal study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031366
Author(s):  
Fan Mao ◽  
Thomas Astell-Burt ◽  
Xiaoqi Feng ◽  
Yunning Liu ◽  
Jianqun Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
University Level

ObjectivesTo investigate potential geographical and socioeconomic patterning of allostatic load (AL) in China.DesignMultilevel longitudinal study of the 2010 Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance linked to the National Death Surveillance up to 31 December 2015.SettingAll 31 provinces in China, not including Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan.Participants96 466 ≥ 18 years old (women=54.3%).ExposuresPerson-level educational attainment and mean years of education in counties.OutcomeAL was measured using clinical guidelines for nine biomarkers: body mass index; waist circumference; systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure; fasting blood glucose; total cholesterol; triglycerides; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ResultsMultilevel logistic regressions adjusted for sex, age, marital status, person-level education, county mean years of education and urban/rural reported ORs of 1.22 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.38) for 5-year all-cause mortality (n=3284) and 1.20 (1.04–1.37) for deaths from non-communicable diseases (n=2891) among people in AL quintile 5 (high) compared with quintile 1 (low). The median rate ratio estimated from unadjusted multilevel negative binomial regression showed AL clustered geographically (province=1.14; county=1.12; town=1.11; village=1.14). After adjusting for aforementioned confounders, AL remained higher with age (rate ratio 1.02, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.02), higher in women compared with men (1.17, 1.15 to 1.19), lower among singletons (0.83, 0.81 to 0.85) and widowers (0.96, 0.94 to 0.98). AL was lower among people with university-level compared with no education (0.92, 0.89 to 0.96), but higher in counties with higher mean education years (1.03, 1.01 to 1.05). A two-way interaction suggested AL was higher (1.04, 1.02 to 1.06) among those with university-level compared with no education within counties with higher mean years of education. Similar results were observed for alternative constructions of AL using 75th and 80th percentile cut-points.ConclusionsAL in China is patterned geographically. The degree of association between AL and person-level education seems to be dependent on area-level education, which may be a proxy for other contextual factors that warrant investigation.

scholarly journals Improvement of nutritional intake for the low-income urban dwellers with hypertension in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212096056
Author(s):  
Nurul Ain Azizan ◽  
Hazreen Abdul Majid ◽  
Azmi Nahar Mohamed ◽  
Tin Tin Su
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Home Blood Pressure ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Biochemical Profiles

Objective: To ascertain the effect of dietary practice modification and a peer-support home blood pressure monitoring program on the nutritional intake (macronutrients and micronutrients), blood pressure and biochemical profiles of hypertension patients in a low-income community setting. Methods: This is a pre- and post-measurement intervention study conducted in low-income community housing projects in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 90 participants aged 18 years and above with hypertension received intervention. The participants were divided into small groups and received instructions on the use of home blood pressure measurement. They also attended a series of talks on dietary intake modification and exercise demonstration for the first six months (active phase). In another 6 months (maintenance phase), they received only pamphlet and SMS reminders. Their anthropometry, blood pressure, dietary, and biochemical parameter changes were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months of intervention. Results: Macronutrients and micronutrients showed a significant improvement at the end of 12-month dietary intervention. The energy, carbohydrate, protein, total fat, sodium, and potassium are showing significant reduction from baseline to end of the 12-month intervention. There is no significant reduction in blood pressure. Fasting blood glucose, renal sodium, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a significant improvement, after controlling for age and reported physical activity. Conclusion: The intervention improved the nutritional intake and biochemical profiles of the low-income urban population with hypertension. This promising result should be replicated in a larger scale study.

scholarly journals Effect of Curcumin on Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zhao Jie ◽  
Mo Chao ◽  
Ai Jun ◽  
Shi Wei ◽  
Meng LiFeng
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Diabetic Kidney

Background. Curcumin, a polyphenolic constituent from Curcuma longa, possesses antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic properties and has been reported to protect against diabetic kidney disease (DKD); however, the effect is inconsistent. Objective. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin supplementation on renal function, lipid profile, blood pressure, and glycemic control in DKD. Methods. A systematic and comprehensive literature search of interrelated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to July 30, 2021. Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to describe the effect sizes using a fixed-effect model. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 and RevMan 5.3. Results. Five RCTs involving 290 participants with DKD were included. Curcumin supplementation significantly improved the serum creatinine (WMD: −0.16 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.3 to −0.02, P  = 0.029, I2 = 0%, moderate certainty), total cholesterol (WMD: −10.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: −17.84 to −2.14, P  = 0.01, I2 = 0%, moderate certainty), systolic blood pressure (WMD: 3.94 mmHg, 95% CI: 1.86 to 6.01, P  < 0.01, I2 = 33.5%, moderate certainty), and fasting blood glucose (WMD: −8.29 mg/dL, 95% CI: −15.19 to −1.39, P  = 0.019, I2 = 43.7%, moderate certainty) levels; however, it had no significant effects on blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure levels. Conclusions. Curcumin may provide great potential effects against DKD. More large-scale and high-quality RCTs are required to confirm these findings.

Serum uric acid is associated with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Uygur population

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan F. Li ◽  
Hong M. Wang ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Xiao G. Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment

The prevalence of hyperuricemia is low in Uygurs, who have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, overweight–obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance (IR). This study sought to investigate the relationships between serum uric acid (UA) and these risk factors in this population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Uygurs (859 males, 1268 females) aged 20 to 70 years. Demographic data, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and fasting and postprandial blood were obtained, and biological measurements were determined. The mean of BMI, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and the prevalence of hypertension, IR, hyperglycemia, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia increased with UA but the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreased (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios for IR, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia against the lowest UA group increased but decreased for hypo-HDL-c (p < 0.05). The UA in the hypo-HDL-c group was lower than that of the controls; the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c in hyperuricemia subjects was lower than in those with normal UA (p < 0.05). But the opposite results were observed between overweight–obesity, hyperglycemia, IR, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyper-LDL-c and correspondence controls, respectively (p < 0.05). In Uygur, elevated UA is associated with overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and IR. The HDL-c level significantly increases with UA, whereas the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreases. Further studies are needed to clarify why UA is positively correlated to HDL-c.

scholarly journals SAT-LB114 Metabolic Profile Changes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus After Hurricane Maria: A Retrospective Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nydia Burgos ◽  
Anardi A Agosto-Mujica ◽  
Cynthia M Pérez-Cardona ◽  
Loida A González-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background: Hurricane María struck Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017. We compared the metabolic profile of patients with diabetes before and after the hurricane. Methods: A retrospective review of 265 patients with diabetes evaluated at our Endocrinology Clinics 6 months before (March 20, 2017- September 19, 2017) and after the hurricane (October 2, 2017 – September 30, 2018) was performed to compare changes in A1C, fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, and body mass index. Results: A total of 374 patients with diabetes were evaluated before the hurricane, of which 71% returned to the clinics after the hurricane. Although there was a significant decrease in body weight, there were no significant changes in the metabolic profile of patients or groups defined by gender, age or diabetes type. Conclusions: No significant changes were seen in the metabolic profiles of patients with diabetes before and after the hurricane, which might be partially explained by their weight loss. These results differ from similar studies that show a negative health impact on diabetes management after a natural disaster. However, 29% of these patients did not return for evaluation, which may underestimate the full impact of the hurricane. Factors such as death, financial difficulties, lack of transportation, emigration, and access to health care may contribute to this rate of no-return. Further studies that assess these factors are needed. Acknowledgment: This project is supported by Award Number Grants 5S21MD000242 and 5S21MD000138 from the NCMHD-NIH.

scholarly journals Potential of Chlorella as a Dietary Supplement to Promote Human Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2524
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Bito ◽  
Eri Okumura ◽  
Masaki Fujishima ◽  
Fumio Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Chlorella is a green unicellular alga that is commercially produced and distributed worldwide as a dietary supplement. Chlorella products contain numerous nutrients and vitamins, including D and B12, that are absent in plant-derived food sources. Chlorella contains larger amounts of folate and iron than other plant-derived foods. Chlorella supplementation to mammals, including humans, has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Meta-analysis on the effects of Chlorella supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors have suggested that it improves total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels but not triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These beneficial effects of Chlorella might be due to synergism between multiple nutrient and antioxidant compounds. However, information regarding the bioactive compounds in Chlorella is limited.

Astaxanthin Supplementation Lowers Dietary Intake in Healthy Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Chuenjai Sratongfaeng ◽  
Nithipun Suksumek ◽  
Nithikoon Aksorn ◽  
Pithi Chanvorachote ◽  
Kulwara Meksawan
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Dietary Intakes

Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant compound, is well recognized for its beneficial effects to protect from oxidative stress and free radicals. However, the effects of long period of use of astaxanthin on biological parameters, health indicators, and energy intake are still largely unknown. A total of 33 healthy participants aged 21–54 years with body mass index in the range of 18.50−24.90 kg/m2 were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial and were assigned into astaxanthin and placebo groups. The participants in the astaxanthin group received 4 mg of astaxanthin once daily for 12 consecutive weeks. Dietary intakes, as well as blood levels of astaxanthin and biological parameters, were investigated at baseline and week 12. The significant elevation of blood astaxanthin level in the astaxanthin group was notified at week 12. Regarding basic characteristics of blood biochemical parameters, results indicated that the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly different between astaxanthin and placebo groups at week 12. Interestingly, the significant decrease in total energy and carbohydrate intakes of the participants in the astaxanthin group (P < 0.05) was found after 12-week supplementation, compared to the baseline. The findings support the safety of long-term supplementation and reveal potential dietary intake lowering effect of astaxanthin in healthy individuals.

Risk prediction for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in rotational shift workers in the arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Shurkevich ◽  
A Vetoshkin ◽  
L Gapon ◽  
A Simonyan ◽  
V Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Shift Workers

Abstract Introduction High prevalence of cardiovascular events at northern latitudes determines the necessity of studying mechanisms of formation and early diagnosis of atherosclerotic process. Purpose To determine the most unfavorable prognostic factors that provide the percentage of correct prediction and high accuracy in detection of atherosclerotic plaque (ASP) in common carotid arteries (CCA) in rotational shift workers in the Arctic. Methods Within 2010–2012 a study of 424 males aged 30–59 years at the medical unit “Gazprom dobycha Yamburg” (Yamburg settlement, 68°N) was performed. Patients were randomized into 2 groups according to blood pressure (BP). Gr.I included 294 people with BP more than 140/90 mmHg, arterial hypertension (AH) of 1,2 stage and Gr.II included 130 people with BP less than 140/90 mmHg. Groups did not differ in age (46.9±5.8 years, p=0.435); total work experience in the Arctic: 16.5±6.8 years (p=0.512) and rotational shiftwork duration: 12.5±4.6 years (p=0.597). Office BP was 149.4±13.3/97.1±7.3 mmHg in Gr.I and 123.4±7.5/80.5±5.5 mmHg in Gr.II. Ultrasound examination of carotid arteries with determination of presence or absence of ASP in CCA and estimation of stenosis using NASCET method were performed; ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted; blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out using R (v. 3.6.1) programming language for statistical data processing of R Studio application package (v. 1.2.1335). Results Signs of CCA atherosclerosis were revealed in 56% of patients with AH and in 25% of those without AH. According to multivariate analysis, three variables with the most significant set of predictors, associated with ASP in CCA with the percentage of correct prediction of 75.9% were selected by step-by-step method: diastolic BP24 (&lt;0.0001), glucose (0.0167) and cholesterol (0.0439). Based on the obtained model, it was concluded that 1 mmHg increase in diastolic BP24 increases the risk for developing ASP by 5.9%, Exp. (Beta) = 1.059, 1 mmol/l increase in glucose and cholesterol escalates the risk by 44.1% and 25.2%, respectively: Exp. (Beta) = 1.441 and Exp. (Beta) = 1.252. Conclusion The data obtained will improve accuracy for the early diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis of CCA, allow to prescribe lipid-lowering therapy timely and reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in rotational shift workers in the Arctic. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Normal Non-HDL Cholesterol, Low Total Cholesterol, and HDL Cholesterol Levels in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Steady State: A Case-Control Study of Tema Metropolis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. D. Ephraim ◽  
Patrick Adu ◽  
Edem Ake ◽  
Hope Agbodzakey ◽  
Prince Adoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background.Abnormal lipid homeostasis in sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by defects in plasma and erythrocyte lipids and may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study assessed the lipid profile and non-HDL cholesterol level of SCD patients.Methods.A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 SCD patients, in the steady state, aged 8–28 years, attending the SCD clinic, and 50 healthy volunteers between the ages of 8–38 years. Serum lipids were determined by enzymatic methods and non-HDL cholesterol calculated by this formula: non-HDL-C = TC-HDL-C.Results.Total cholesterol (TC) (p=0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.0001) were significantly decreased in cases compared to controls. The levels of non-HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were similar among the participants. The levels of decrease in TC and HDL were associated with whether a patient was SCD-SS or SCD-SC. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were each significantly associated with increased VLDL [SBP,p=0.01, OR: 0.74 (CI: 0.6–0.93); DBP,p=0.023, OR: 1.45 (CI: 1.05–2.0)].Conclusion.Dyslipidemia is common among participants in this study. It was more pronounced in the SCD-SS than in SCD-SC. This dyslipidemia was associated with high VLDL as well as increased SBP and DBP.

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