Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15–17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India

ObjectiveTo generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents.Design and settingA community-based, national, cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017–2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research—National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas.ParticipantsA multistage sampling design was adopted covering ages between 15 and 69 years—adolescents (15–17 years) and adults (18–69 years). The sample included 12 000 households drawn from 600 primary sampling units. All available adolescents (15–17 years) from the selected households were included in the survey.Main outcome measuresKey NCD risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years)—current tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behaviours, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity.ResultsOverall, 1402 households and 1531 adolescents completed the survey. Prevalence of current daily use of tobacco was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0% to 4.7%), 25.2% (95% CI: 22.2% to 28.5%) adolescents showed insufficient levels of physical activity, 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9% to 7.9%) were overweight and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0% to 2.9%) were obese. Two-thirds reported being imparted health education on NCD risk factors in their schools/colleges.ConclusionThe survey provides baseline data on NCD-related key risk factors among 15–17 years in India. These national-level data fill information gaps for this age group and help assess India’s progress towards NCD targets set for 2025 comprehensively. Though the prevalence of select risk factors is much lower than in many developed countries, this study offers national evidence for revisiting and framing appropriate policies, strategies for prevention and control of NCDs in younger age groups.

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The changing face of risk factors for non-communicable disease in Myanmar: findings from the 2009 and 2014 WHO STEP Surveys

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdy176 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 750-756

Author(s):

Shekhar Grover ◽

Dhirendra N Sinha ◽

Sanjay Gupta ◽

Prakash C Gupta ◽

Ravi Mehrotra

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Who Steps ◽

Health Objectives ◽

Non Communicable Disease

Abstract Background Myanmar is burdened with the dual problem of communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCD), and is constantly endeavoring to attain its health objectives with limited resources. This study compares the results for the 2009 and 2014 WHO STEPs surveys (the ‘stepwise’ approach to adult risk factor surveillance) in Myanmar to determine the change in NCD risk factors over time. Methodology The proportion of individuals with major NCD risk factors such as current tobacco and alcohol consumption, <5 fruit/vegetable servings, physical activity, raised blood pressure (BP) and overweight and obesity from the year 2009 (n = 6414) and year 2014 (n = 8757) WHO STEP surveys were compared for the age group 25–64 and relative changes (RC) calculated. Results Tobacco and alcohol consumption has increased significantly (25 and 49% RC, respectively) over the years. Individuals with low fruit/vegetable consumption (<5 servings) have declined (4.3% RC) and physical activity has increased significantly (46.5% RC). The prevalence of overweight, obese and hypertensive individuals has reduced significantly during this period with a RC reduction of 18, 28 and 20%, respectively. Conclusion Reductions in some NCD risk factors are encouraging but control of tobacco use and alcohol consumption requires more stringent policies in order to prevent NCDs in the future.

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Prevalence, clustering and sociodemographic distributions of non-communicable disease risk factors in Nepalese adolescents: secondary analysis of a nationwide school survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e028263 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Raja Ram Dhungana ◽

Bihungum Bista ◽

Achyut Raj Pandey ◽

Maximilian de Courten

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Insufficient Physical Activity ◽

Non Communicable Disease

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence, clustering and sociodemographic distribution of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in adolescents in Nepal.DesignData originated from Global School Based Student Health Survey, Nepal conducted in 2015–2016.SettingThe study sites were the secondary schools in Nepal; 74 schools were selected based on the probability proportional to school enrolment size throughout Nepal.Participants5795 school-going children aged 13–17 years were included in the study.Primary outcomesNCD risk factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, insufficient physical activity and overweight/obesity were the primary outcomes. Sociodemographic distributions of the combined and individual NCD risk factors were determined by Poisson regression analysis.ResultsFindings revealed the prevalence of smoking (6.04%; CI 4.62 to 7.88), alcohol consumption (5.29%; CI 4.03 to 6.92), insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (95.33%; CI 93.89 to 96.45), insufficiently physical activity (84.77%; CI 81.04 to 87.88) and overweight/obesity (6.66%; CI 4.65 to 9.45). One or more risk factors were present in 99.6%, ≥2 were in 83% and ≥3 were in 11.2%. Risk factors were more likely to cluster in male, 17 years of age and grade 7. Prevalence of smoking (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR)=2.38; CI 1.6 to 3.51) and alcohol consumption (aPR=1.81; CI 1.29 to 2.53) was significantly high in male, and in 16 and 17 years of age. Prevalence of insufficient physical activity and overweight/obesity was significantly lower in higher grades.ConclusionInsufficient fruit and vegetable intake and insufficient physical activity were highly prevalent in the populations studied. Risk factors were disproportionately distributed and clustered in particular gender, age and grade. The study population requires an age and gender specific preventive public health intervention.

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FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN TEKANAN DARAH TINGGI PADA USIA PRODUKTIF DI KELURAHAN PILANGBANGO

Jurnal Kesmas (Kesehatan Masyarakat) Khatulistiwa ◽

10.29406/jkmk.v7i4.2197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Agnes Candra Febrianita ◽

Avicena Sakufa Marsanti ◽

Retno Widiarini

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Family History ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Non Communicable Disease

ABSTRAK Tekanan darah tinggi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi penyebab kematian global dan diperkirakan telah meyebabkan 9,4 juta kematian. Prevalensi penyakit tekanan darah tinggi di Indonesia sering meningkat. Pada tahun 2018 prevalensi penyakit tekanan darah tinggi di Indonesia sebesar 34,1%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan faktor-faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian tekanan darah tinggi pada usia produktif dan mengukur besarnya pengaruh faktor risiko. Metode penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode Case Control dengan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 102 orang dengan 51 kasus dan 51 kontrol. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin (OR 3,484; 95% CI 1,522-7,972) riwayat keluarga (OR 9,840 ; 95% CI 3,934-24,616), indeks massa tubuh (OR 3,380; 95% CI 1,447-7,897), dan aktivitas fisik OR 3,720 ; 95% CI 1,632-8,479) dengan kejadian tekanan darah tinggi pada usia produktif di Kelurahan Pilangbango. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut faktor yang menjadi penyebab tekanan darah tinggi pada usia produktif di Kelurahan Pilangbango yaitu jenis kelamin, IMT, aktivitas fisik dan riwayat keluarga. Berdasarkan faktor risiko tersebut, diharapkan masyarakat usia produktif yang berada di kelurahan Pilangbango menerapakan gaya hidup sehat dan rutin memeriksakan tekanan darah ke fasilitas terdekat.ABSTRACTHigh blood pressure is a non-communicable disease that causes global death and is estimated to have caused 9.4 million deaths. The prevalence of high blood pressure in Indonesia often increases. In 2018 the prevalence of high blood pressure in Indonesia is 34.1%. The purpose of this study is to prove the risk factors that influence the incidence of high blood pressure in the productive age and measure the magnitude of the influence of risk factors. The type of this research is using Case Conrol method with the number of samples in this study were 102 people with 51 cases and 51 controls. Research data was obtained through questionnaires and observations. Data analysis used Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between gender (OR 3,484; 95% CI 1,522-7,972) family history (OR 9,840; 95% CI 3,934-24,616), body mass index (OR) OR 3,380; 95% CI 1,447-7,897), and physical activity OR 3,720; 95% CI 1,632-8,479) with the incidence of high blood pressure in the productive age in Pilangbango Village. From the results of the study, the factors that cause high blood pressure at productive age in Pilangbango Village are gender, BMI, physical activity and family history. From this risk factors, it is expect that people in Pilangbango Village adopt a healthy lifestyle and routinely check their blood pressure to the nearest facility.Kata Kunci: Tekanan Darah tinggi, Usia Produktif, Kelurahan Pilangbango

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Dietary Pattern and Nutrient Intakes in Association with Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors among Filipino Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22947/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Imelda Angeles Agdeppa ◽

Ye Sun ◽

Keith V Tanda

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

P Value ◽

Non Communicable Disease

Abstract Background: This study evaluated the relationship between dietary quality and food patterns of Filipino adults and the rising prevalence of selected cardiometabolic non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Methods: Using data collected in the 2013 National Nutrition Survey, a total of 19,914 adults aged 20 years and above were included in the analyses. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) was used to characterize the dietary quality, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify dietary patterns specific to the study population. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between the dietary pattern scores and selected cardiometabolic NCD indices including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and overweight and obesity with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: The mean AHEI-2010 score was 19.7 for women and 18.9 for men out of a total possible score of 100. Three major dietary patterns were identified through PCA: 1) meat and sweetened beverages (MSB); 2) rice and fish (RF) and 3) fruit, vegetables and snack (FVS). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the AHEI pattern was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity [extreme-tertile odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.21]. Subjects in the highest tertile of the MSB pattern had greater odds for overweight/obesity, diabetes, high total cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, and high triglycerides (OR ranging 1.20 to 1.70, all p-value <0.001). The RF pattern was associated with higher probability of overweight/obesity (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08-1.32) high LDL-cholesterol (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.37), and less likelihood of diabetes (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.98). The FVS pattern was associated with lower probability of overweight/obesity, diabetes, high triglycerides, and hypertension (OR ranging 0.85 to 0.90, all p-value <0.05). Conclusions: Diet quality of Filipino adults is extremely poor. MSB and RF patterns were associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic NCD indices, while FVS pattern was a better option to lower the risks. Identifying healthy and detrimental dietary patterns in the local diet could be informative for future local-based dietary recommendation and area-specific intervention programs. Keywords: Dietary pattern; AHEI; NCD; Adult

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Urbanization and greenness in HBSC survey: association with overweight and obesity in adolescents

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

V Bellisario ◽

R Bono ◽

G Squillacioti ◽

M Caputo ◽

I Gintoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Population Density ◽

Weight Status ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Children Health ◽

Public Health Strategies

Abstract Background Childhood obesity is an important public health issue worldwide and includes different risk factors, such as environmental pollutants exposure or physical activity. Neighborhood composition and green spaces availability could contrast obesogenic lifestyles and promote healthy habits, whereas, urbanization and traffic volume exposure are inversely associated with physical activity and worsen effects on childhood health. Methods This project analyzed students involved in the HBSC survey from the Piedmont Region. Data were collected in 2018, following the protocol. All the subjects were georeferenced within buffers around schools. Green-spaces availability was measured by Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI-satellite images) while urbanization was calculated by population density, traffic intensity (satellite measurements) and air pollution concentration (sampling stations). Results Overall, the sample included 3022 subjects, with amount 50% male/female and 30% for each age group (11-13-15 years old). Concerning weight status, above 14% of the all sample is obese or overweight, with, respectively, 20% among boys and 11% among girls. Preliminary analyses showed an association between weight status and population density (rural vs urbanized areas). Currently, we are analyzing the association with greenness and the other measures of urbanization. Conclusions Our preliminary findings suggest that high urbanization levels impact health implementing weight in children. We are testing the hypothesis that greenness positively influences weight status and reduce negative effects of urbanization and air pollution. The managing of these risk factors must be deepened and corroborated by active preventive Public Health strategies for improving children health. Key messages Urbanization and greenness may influence weight status in children. Public Health strategies must be improved for children health.

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DETERMINANTS OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA

The Singapore Economic Review ◽

10.1142/s0217590814500179 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (02) ◽

pp. 1450017 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

YONG KANG CHEAH ◽

ANDREW K. G. TAN

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Health Lifestyle ◽

Non Communicable Disease ◽

Heckman’S Sample Selection Model

This paper examines how socio-demographic and health-lifestyle factors determine participation and duration of leisure-time physical activity in Malaysia. Based on the Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1 data, Heckman's sample selection model is employed to estimate the probability to participate and duration on physical activity. Results indicate that gender, age, years of education and family illness history are significant in explaining participation probability in leisure-time physical activity. Gender, income level, smoking-status and years of education are significant in explaining the weekly duration conditional on participation, whereas smoking-status and years of education are significant in determining the unconditional level of leisure-time physical activity.

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Identifying individuals with multiple non-communicable disease risk factors in Kenya: a latent class analysis

Public Health ◽

10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 198 ◽

pp. 180-186

Author(s):

R.S. Mkuu ◽

T.D. Gilreath ◽

A.E. Barry ◽

F.M. Nafukho ◽

J. Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Non Communicable Disease

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Strengthening of the Motivation for Lifestyle Modification in Patients Receiving the Guar Gum Drug

Family Medicine ◽

10.30841/2307-5112.5.2016.248847 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 143-148

Author(s):

Pavlo Kolesnik ◽

Timea Korol ◽

Ivanna Shushman ◽

Aita Prohorova

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Dynamic Monitoring ◽

Diet Habits

The article deals with the question of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the cohort of mental profession. It determines the level of their motivation for lifestyle changes, as well as possibility to enhance their motivation while using of the guar gum Guarem drug (Orion Corporation, Finland). 161 persons where skinned for diet habits, physical activity, the presence of risk factors as well as dislipidemiya. Motivation for lifestyle changes was evaluated. It was found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in population with predominantly mental and light physical labor, is extremely high at 68% women and 73% men and incidence increased with age. While dynamic monitoring of the patients, who underwent motivational counseling while taking the drug guar gum Guarem, noted strengthening of motivation to comply with the recommendations, compared with patients who received only verbal motivation.

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Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors and diabetes among adults living in slum areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0184967 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. e0184967 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lal B. Rawal ◽

Tuhin Biswas ◽

Nusrat Nausheen Khandker ◽

Shekhar Ranjan Saha ◽

Mohammed Mahiul Bidat Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Non Communicable Disease ◽

Slum Areas

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Multiple Imputation to Correct for Nonresponse Bias: Application in Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n1p133 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 133 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hamid Heidarian Miri ◽

Jafar Hassanzadeh ◽

Abdolreza Rajaeefard ◽

Majid Mirmohammadkhani ◽

Kambiz Ahmadi Angali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Imputation ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Nonresponse Bias ◽

Natural Logarithm ◽

Predictive Mean Matching ◽

Non Communicable Disease

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to use multiple imputation (MI) in order to correct for the potential nonresponse bias in measurements related to variable fasting blood glucose (FBS) in non-communicable disease risk factors survey conducted in Iran in 2007. METHODS: Five multiple imputation methods as bootstrap expectation maximization, multivariate normal regression, univariate linear regression, MI by chained equation, and predictive mean matching were applied to impute variable fasting blood sugar. To make FBS consistent with normality assumption natural logarithm (Ln) and Box-Cox (BC) transformations were used prior to imputation. Measurements from which we intended to remove nonresponse bias included mean of FBS and percentage of those with high FBS. RESULTS: For mean of FBS results didn’t considerably change after applying MI methods. Regarding the prevalence of high blood sugar all methods on original scale tended to increase the estimates except for predictive mean matching that along with all methods on BC or Ln transformed data didn’t change the results. CONCLUSIONS: FBS-related measurements didn’t change after applying different MI methods. It seems that nonresponse bias was not an important challenge regarding these measurements. However use of MI methods resulted in more efficient estimations. Further studies are encouraged on accuracy of MI methods in these settings.

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