scholarly journals Longitudinal analyses of gender differences in first authorship publications related to COVID-19

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e045176
Author(s):  
Carolin Lerchenmüller ◽  
Leo Schmallenbach ◽  
Anupam B Jena ◽  
Marc J Lerchenmueller
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Early Career ◽  
First Year ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveConcerns have been raised that the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted research productivity to the disadvantage of women in academia, particularly in early career stages. In this study, we aimed to assess the pandemic’s effect on women’s COVID-19-related publishing over the first year of the pandemic.Methods and resultsWe compared the gender distribution of first authorships for 42 898 publications on COVID-19 from 1 February 2020 to 31 January 2021 to 483 232 publications appearing in the same journals during the same period the year prior. We found that the gender gap—the percentage of articles on which men versus women were first authors—widened by 14 percentage points during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite many pertinent research fields showing near equal proportions of men and women first authors publishing in the same fields before the pandemic. Longitudinal analyses revealed that the significant initial expansions of the gender gap began to trend backwards to expected values over time in many fields. As women may have been differentially affected depending on their geography, we also assessed the gender distribution of first authorships grouped by countries and geographical areas. While we observed a significant reduction of the shares of women first authors in almost all countries, longitudinal analyses confirmed a resolving trend over time.ConclusionThe reduction in women’s COVID-19-related research output appears particularly concerning as many disciplines informing the response to the pandemic had near equal gender shares of first authorship in the year prior to the pandemic. The acute productivity drain with the onset of the pandemic magnifies deep-rooted obstacles on the way to gender equity in scientific contribution.

The Seeds of Leadership: Experiences of Malaysian Women in Senior Leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
Chee Lean Imm ◽  
Nabsiah Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Senior Leadership ◽  
Leader Identity ◽  
Hermeneutical Phenomenology ◽  
Leadership Experiences ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Almost All

The scarcity of women in top leadership is a global gender equity issue. Men dominate senior leadership positions in almost all industries. As such, countries are not leveraging on the business case for diversity in top leadership. This gap is problematic in Asia and Malaysia, as well. The 2020 WEF Global Gender Gap Report shows that only 20.4 % of women held senior roles in Malaysia as compared to men at 79.6 %. Though numerous global studies have investigated the barriers and challenges of women leaders, few studies have investigated the lived experiences of women business leaders who have successfully navigated to the top. These elites are not only scarce but challenging to reach. Keywords: leader identity construction, leadership development, hermeneutical phenomenology, women in senior leadership.

scholarly journals Neuroradiological emergency consultations during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes A. R. Pfaff ◽  
Marcial E. Harlan ◽  
Günter Pfaff ◽  
Alexander Hubert ◽  
Martin Bendszus
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Measures taking aim at minimizing the risk of coronavirus transmission and fear of infection may affect decisions to seek care for other medical emergency conditions. The purpose of this analysis was to analyze intermediate-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neuroradiological emergency consultations (NECs). Methods We conducted an ambispective study on NEC requests to a university hospital from a teleradiological network covering 13 hospitals in Germany. Weekly NEC rates for prepandemic calendar weeks (CW) 01/2019–09/2020 were compared with rates during first COVID-19 wave (CW 10–20/2020), first loosening of restrictions (CW 21–29/2020), intensified COVID-19 testing (CW 30–39/2020) and second COVID-19 wave (CW 40–53/2020), and contrasted with COVID-19 incidence in Germany. Results A total of n = 10 810 NECs were analyzed. Prepandemic NEC rates were stable over time (median: 103, IQR: 97–115). Upon the first COVID-19 wave in Germany, NEC rates declined sharply (median: 86, IQR: 69–92; p < 0.001) but recovered within weeks. Changes in NEC rates after first loosening of restrictions (median: 109, IQR: 98–127; p = 0. 188), a phase of intensified testing (median: 111, IQR: 101–114; p = 0.434) and as of a second COVID-19 wave (median: 102, IQR: 94–112; p = 0. 462) were not significant. Likewise, patient age and gender distribution remained constant. Conclusion Upon the first pandemic COVID-19 wave in Germany, NEC rates declined but recovered within weeks. It is unknown whether this recovery reflects improved medical care and test capabilities or an adjustment of the patients’ behaviour.

scholarly journals Mind the (gender) gap: Engaging students as partners to promote gender equity in higher education

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Acai ◽  
Lucy Mercer-Mapstone ◽  
Rachel Guitman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Gender Inequity ◽  
The Past

Gender inequity remains a critical issue in higher education. We explored the proposition that engaging students as partners (SaP), an increasingly adopted approach to student engagement, may present one approach to improving gender equity by fostering agency and leadership for women. First, we analysed the gender distribution of authors of SaP scholarship spanning 202 articles published in six academic journals over the past five years. Women were more likely to author (70%) and lead (76%) SaP publications. Second, we used collaborative autoethnography to explore our experiences as three women SaP practitioners. Affirmative partnerships built our agency to assert our voices and empowered us to advocate for gender equity. These data indicate that SaP may present one approach to promoting gender equity by creating ‘brave spaces’ and ‘sites of resistance’ against gendered norms in academia.

scholarly journals The caloric and sugar content of beverages purchased at different store-types changed after the sugary drinks taxation in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia S. Pedraza ◽  
Barry M. Popkin ◽  
Carolina Batis ◽  
Linda Adair ◽  
Whitney R. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
First Year ◽  
Inverse Probability Weights ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Purchasing Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Following the 2014 sugary drinks tax implementation in Mexico, promising reduction in the volume of purchases of taxed beverages were observed overall and at different store-types. However, the tax’s effects on purchasing patterns of calories and sugar remain unclear. Methods Using longitudinal data from Mexican households (n = 7038), we examined changes in volume, calories and total sugar of packaged beverages purchased from 2012 to 2016 overall and by store-type. We used fixed effects models to estimate means for volume, calories, and sugar of households. To address the potential selectivity from households shopping at different stores, we calculated inverse probability weights to model the purchases changes over time by store-type. Results For taxed beverages, the volume of purchases declined by − 49 ml and -30 ml in the first year and second year post tax (2014 and 2015, respectively), while purchases leveled off in the third year of the tax (2016). Calories and sugar from taxed beverage purchases decreased over time, with the majority of the declines occurring in the first two years post-tax implementation. The volume of untaxed beverage purchases increased, whereas changes in calories and total sugar of untaxed beverages were minimal. Store level purchases of taxed beverages significantly decreased in the first two years post taxation (2014 and to 2015) only in supermarkets and traditional stores. The steepest declines in purchases of taxed beverages in 2014 were observed at supermarkets (− 40 ml or − 45%). The volume of purchases of untaxed beverages increased over time in almost all store-types, while calories and sugar minimally decreased over time. Conclusion Although the Mexican tax on SSBs has lowered the purchases of sugary drinks 3 years after the tax implementation, the tax should be strengthened and store-specific interventions should be implemented to further reduce SSBs purchases in the Mexican population.

scholarly journals Gender gap at a large European urological congress: still at the beginning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Hüsch ◽  
Axel Haferkamp ◽  
Christian Thomas ◽  
Joachim Steffens ◽  
Paolo Fornara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
German Society ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Purpose Women are underrepresented at scientific conferences, decreasing the visibility of female role models, which are vital for aspiring young female scientists. This investigation aimed to evaluate female representation at the German Society of Urology's (GSoU) annual meeting. Methods The programs of the GSoU meeting of 2011, 2018, 2019 and the virtual conference in 2020 were retrospectively quantified by gender and categorized by chair or speaker, type, and topic of the session. Descriptive analysis was applied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify gender inequity and variables influencing gender distribution. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 2.504 chairs and speakers were invited to the GSoU meeting in 2018 and 2019. Female speakers or chairs were represented in 17.8%, indicating a gender gap of 64.7%. There were significant differences between session type, topic, and gender distribution for chairs and speakers. The topic surgical techniques were independent variables for both, underrepresented female chairs and speakers, respectively (p < 0.001). Vocational policy and plenary session were not represented by any female chair in 2011, 2018, and 2019. In comparison, the gender gap in 2011 was 74.2%, indicating a gap reduction of 1.2% per year. In a selected virtual program in 2020, the gender gap increased to 70.4%. Conclusion There is still a significant discrepancy between gender representation at the GSoU annual meetings, and gender equity is currently not expected before 50 years. Future efforts should address the implementation of established guidelines for achieving gender equity at urological conferences.

Globalization and interconfessional communications

2001 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Serhii Viktorovych Svystunov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rapid Appearance

In the 21st century, the world became a sign of globalization: global conflicts, global disasters, global economy, global Internet, etc. The Polish researcher Casimir Zhigulsky defines globalization as a kind of process, that is, the target set of characteristic changes that develop over time and occur in the modern world. These changes in general are reduced to mutual rapprochement, reduction of distances, the rapid appearance of a large number of different connections, contacts, exchanges, and to increase the dependence of society in almost all spheres of his life from what is happening in other, often very remote regions of the world.

The Research Output of Female Academics at a South African University: Progress with Gender Equity?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Wolhuter ◽  
G. Peckham ◽  
J.L. van der Walt ◽  
F.J. Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Research Output

scholarly journals 1136. Trends in Speaker Representation at the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) IDWeek Conference, 2013-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S597-S597
Author(s):  
Jasmine R Marcelin ◽  
Rohan Khazanchi ◽  
Elizabeth Lyden ◽  
Kelly Cawcutt ◽  
Ravina Kullar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Program Committee ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Poster Sessions ◽  
Professional Degree ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Over the last decade, there have been sustained efforts to diversify the healthcare workforce. In 2016, the IDWeek Program Committee was charged to ensure gender equity in speaker sessions. Whether this intervention also resulted in more opportunities for underrepresented speakers has not been determined. Methods This project was supported by IDSA, who provided demographic information on IDWeek speakers (excluding poster sessions) from 2013-2019. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and chi-square analysis evaluated changes over time. Each speaker slot was considered an independent event. Data was combined for 2013-2016 (≤2016) and 2017-2019 (&gt;2016). IDSA membership demographics were available from 2014 for gender, race/ethnicity, from 2016 for age, and from 2018 for professional degree. Results A total of 3640 speaker slots were filled by 2504 individuals from 2013-2019. A larger proportion of speaker slots were filled by women &gt;2016 (51%) vs ≤ 2016 (43%), with a linear increase from 38.6% in 2013 to 52.1% in 2019 (p&lt; 0.001). Averaged across 2013-2019, IDSA membership was 67.5% White, 20.6% Asian, 7.7% Latinx, 3.9% Black, and 0.4% Other. IDWeek Speakers during that timeframe were 77.7% White, 13.9% Asian, 4.7% Latinx, 2.7% Black, and 1.0% Other; a larger proportion of slots were filled by Asian speakers &gt;2016 (16.3%) vs ≤ 2016 (12.8%) (p=0.005). The proportion of pharmacist speakers increased over time; 5.1% of speakers in 2019 reflected IDSA pharmacist membership (5.4%). The proportion of individuals invited to speak more than once differed by age (19% in &lt; 40yo, 28% 40-49yo, 32% 50-59yo, and 22% &gt;60yo; p&lt; 0.001), and professional degree (28% physicians, 18% pharmacists, 9% other doctorates, and 7% non-doctorate speakers; p&lt; 0.001). Figure 1: Trends in Gender Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Figure 2: Trends in Race/Ethnicity Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Conclusion Intentional consideration of gender equity by the Program Committee significantly improved equitable gender representation of invited speakers at IDWeek. This effort has not resulted in increased diversity of invited speakers from groups underrepresented in IDSA membership. To ensure that invited speakers represent the membership of IDSA/IDWeek partner organizations and more importantly, the communities we serve, we call for continued application of the principles of Inclusion, Diversity, Access, and Equity at IDWeek. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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