Public acceptability of the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy: repeat cross-sectional analysis of the International Food Policy Study (2017–2019)

ObjectivesTo determine whether public acceptability, in terms of both support for and perceived effectiveness of, the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) changed between 4 months prior to, and 8 and 20 months after, implementation.DesignRepeat cross-sectional online survey.SettingThe UK.ParticipantsUK respondents to the International Food Policy Study aged 18–64 years who provided information on all variables of interest in November–December 2017 (4 months prior to SDIL implementation), 2018 (8 months after) or 2019 (20 months after; n=10 284).Outcome measuresSelf-reported support for, and perceived effectiveness of, the SDIL.ResultsThe adjusted logistic regression model predicted that 70% (95% CI: 68% to 72%) of participants supported the SDIL in 2017, 68% (95% CI: 67% to 70%) in 2018 and 68% (95% CI: 66% to 70%) in 2019. There was no evidence of a difference in support in 2018 vs 2017 (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.05); or in 2019 vs 2017 (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.78 to 1.03). The adjusted logistic regression model predicted that 72% (95% CI: 70% to 74%) of participants perceived the SDIL to be effective in 2017, 67% (95% CI: 65% to 69%) in 2018 and 67% (95% CI: 64% to 69%) in 2019. There was evidence that perceived effectiveness decreased a small amount in 2018 vs 2017 (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.88). The difference in 2019 vs 2017 was similar.ConclusionsWe found high support for the SDIL among UK adults and this did not change between 4 months before implementation and 8 or 20 months after. While perceived effectiveness remained high, there was evidence that this decreased slightly after implementation in 2018, but no further in 2019. Greater understanding of influences on public acceptability of effective structural public health interventions is required.

Download Full-text

Support for, and perceived effectiveness of, the UK soft drinks industry levy among UK adults: cross-sectional analysis of the International Food Policy Study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026698 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e026698 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

David Pell ◽

Tarra Penney ◽

David Hammond ◽

Lana Vanderlee ◽

Martin White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Norms ◽

Food Policy ◽

Perceived Effectiveness ◽

Policy Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Beverage Industry ◽

Food And Beverage Industry ◽

Food And Beverage ◽

The Uk ◽

Health Experts

ObjectivesTo answer four questions: What are attitudes, knowledge and social norms around sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)? What are current levels of trust in messages on SSBs? What is current support for, and perceived effectiveness of, the UK soft drinks industry levy (SDIL)? What is the association between attitudes, knowledge, social norms, trust, SSB consumption and sociodemographic factors; and support for, and perceived effectiveness of, the SDIL?DesignCross-sectional online survey.SettingUK.ParticipantsUK respondents to the 2017 International Food Policy Study aged 18–64 years who provided information on all variables of interest (n=3104).Outcome measuresSelf-reported perceived effectiveness of, and support for, the SDIL.ResultsMost participants supported the SDIL (70%), believed it would be effective (71%), had a positive attitude to SSBs (62%), had knowledge of the link between SSBs and obesity (90%), and trusted messages from health experts (61%), but not those from the food and beverage industry (73%). Nearly half (46%) had negative social norms about drinking SSBs. In adjusted models, older age, non-consumption of SSBs, social norms to not drinks SSBs, knowledge of the link between SSBs and obesity and trust in health expert messages were associated with greater support for the SDIL, whereas having dependent children and trusting messages from the food and beverage industry were associated with less support. In adjusted models, older age was associated with lower perceived effectiveness of the SDIL, whereas social norms to not drink SSBs, negative attitudes to SSBs and trusting messages from health experts and the food and beverage industry were associated with greater perceived effectiveness.ConclusionsThere was strong support for the SDIL and belief that it would be effective. Those with more ‘public health’ orientated norms and trust were generally more likely to support the SDIL or believe that it would be effective.

Download Full-text

The relationship between disability and suicide: prospective evidence from the Ten to Men cohort

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdy197 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 707-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Allison Milner ◽

Anne-Marie Bollier ◽

Eric Emerson ◽

Anne Kavanagh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background People with disabilities often face a range of social and economic adversities. Evidence suggests that these disadvantages result in poorer mental health. Some research also indicates that people with disabilities are more likely experience thoughts about suicide than people without disability, although most of this research is based on small cross-sectional samples. Methods We explored the relationship between self-reported disability (measured at baseline) and likelihood of reporting thoughts of suicide (measured at follow up) using a large longitudinal cohort of Australian males. A logistic regression model was conducted with thoughts of suicide within the past 12 months (yes or no) as the outcome and disability as the exposure. The models adjusted for relevant confounders, including mental health using the SF-12 MCS, and excluded males who reported thoughts of suicide at baseline. Results After adjustment, there was a 1.48 (95% CI: 0.98–2.23, P = 0.063) increase in the odds of thoughts of suicide among men who also reported a disability. The size of association was similar to that of being unemployed. Conclusions Males reporting disability may also suffer from thoughts of suicide. We speculate that discrimination may be one explanation for the observed association. More research on this topic is needed.

Download Full-text

Quality of Care in Long-Term Hemodialysis Patients in Mexico

Austin Journal of Nephrology and Hypertension ◽

10.26420/austinjnephrolhypertens.2021.1091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Torres-Díaz JA ◽

◽

Gonzalez-Gonzalez JG ◽

Zúniga-Hernández JA ◽

Olivo-Gutiérrez MC ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Quality Of Care ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Linear Regression Model ◽

World Literature ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: The End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in Mexico. The quality of care these patients receive remains uncertain. Methods: This is a descriptive, single-center and cross-sectional cohort study. The KDOQI performance measures, hemoglobin level >11 g/dL, blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, serum albumin >4 g/dL and use of arteriovenous fistula of patients with ESRD on hemodialysis were analyzed in a period of a year. The association between mortality and the KDOQI objectives was evaluated with a logistic regression model. A linear regression model was also performed with the number of readmissions. Results: A total of 124 participants were included. Participants were categorized by the number of measures completed. Fourteen (11.3%) of the participants did not meet any of the goals, 51 (41.1%) met one, 43 (34.7%) met two, 11 (8.9%) met three, and 5 (4%) met the four clinical goals analyzed. A mortality of 11.2% was registered. In the logistic regression model, the number of goals met had an OR for mortality of 1.1 (95% CI 0.5-2.8). In the linear regression model, for the number of readmissions, a beta correlation with the number of KDOQI goals met was 0.246 (95% CI -0.872-1.365). Conclusion: The attainment of clinical goals and the mortality rate in our center is similar to that reported in the world literature. Our study did not find a significant association between compliance with clinical guidelines and mortality or the number of hospital admissions in CKD patients on hemodialysis.

Download Full-text

Procurement planning as a strategic tool for public procurement effectiveness: Experience from selected public procuring entities in Dodoma city, Tanzania

Journal of Public Procurement ◽

10.1108/jopp-05-2020-0047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ismail Abdi Changalima ◽

Gift Onesmo Mushi ◽

Shadrack Samwel Mwaiseje

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Public Procurement ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Survival And Development ◽

Procurement Planning

Purpose The significance of the public procurement function is on the survival and development of procuring entities and that of a nation at large. This study aims to focus on examining the influence of procurement planning on the effectiveness of public procurement, experience from selected public procuring entities in Dodoma city, Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design was adopted from which data were collected from 146 respondents who were purposively chosen from several public procuring entities located at Dodoma city in the United Republic of Tanzania by using a survey structured questionnaire and analysed through a binary logistic regression model. Findings Findings revealed that procurement planning as a strategic function significantly influences the effectiveness of public procurement. The binary logistic regression model included the implementation of prepared procurement plans (p = 0.039), the involvement of users as stakeholders and important institutional actors in public procurement (p = 0.033), compliance to procurement laws and regulations when planning (p = 0.016) and adequacy of budget (p = 0.042) as predictors of procurement planning were tested to be significantly related to the effectiveness of public procurement. It was concluded that public procuring entities can achieve public procurement effectiveness through procurement planning. Social implications The implications and policy recommendations of the findings of this study would be useful to procurement practitioners mostly in public procuring entities. Originality/value This study contributes to adding knowledge to the existing body of knowledge on procurement planning as an imperative activity in public procurement in Tanzania.

Download Full-text

Variation Among Hospitals in the Continuity of Care for Older Hospitalized Patients: a Cross-sectional Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-334353/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James S. Goodwin ◽

Shuang Li ◽

Jie Zhou ◽

Yong-Fang Kuo ◽

Ann Nattinger

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Regression Model ◽

Continuity Of Care ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Large Degree ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Little is known about how continuity of care for hospitalized patients varies among hospitals. We describe the number of different general internal medicine physicians seeing hospitalized patients during a medical admission and how that varies by hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of a national 20% sample of Medicare inpatients from 01/01/16 to 12/31/18. In patients with routine medical admissions (length of stay of 3-6 days, no Intensive Care Unit stay, and seen by only one generalist per day), we assessed odds of receiving all generalist care from one generalist. We calculated rates for each hospital, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics in a multi-level logistic regression model. Results: Among routine medical admissions with 3- to 6-day stays, only 43.1% received all their generalist care from the same physician. In those with a 3-day stay, 50.1% had one generalist providing care vs. 30.8% in those with a 6-day stay. In a two-level (admission and hospital) logistic regression model controlling for patient characteristics and length of stay, the odds of seeing just one generalist did not vary greatly by patient characteristics such as age, race/ethnicity, comorbidity or reason for admission. There were large variations in continuity of care among different hospitals and geographic areas. In the highest decile of hospitals, the adjusted mean percentage of patients receiving all generalist care from one physician was >84.1%, vs. <24.1% in the lowest decile. This large degree of variation persisted when hospitals were stratified by size, ownership, location or teaching status. Conclusions: Continuity of care provided by generalist physicians to medical inpatients varies widely among hospitals. The impact of this variation on quality of care is unknown.

Download Full-text

Perception of the Futile Care and its Relationship With Moral Distress in Nurses of Intensive Care Units

Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.32598/jhnm.31.2.2119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

Somayeh Moaddaby ◽

◽

Masoomeh Adib ◽

Sadra Ashrafi ◽

Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Regression Model ◽

Intensive Care Units ◽

Work Experience ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Moral Distress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Futile Care ◽

The Mean

Introduction: The development of science and technology has provided more opportunities for patients to live and even receiving futile medical care or treatment with no hope of recovery. This process leads to awkward experiences and moral distress in nurses who frequently deliver with such care. Objective: This study aimed to determine the perception of futile care and its relationship with moral distress in nurses working in intensive care units Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 155 nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) employed in educational-therapeutic centers and hospitals of Guilan Province, Iran. They were selected by convenience sampling method. The study data were collected using the researcher-made questionnaire and Corley moral distress questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, nonparametric Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher exact and Backward logistic regression model. Results: The mean±SD age of the samples was 34.71±6.68 years; their mean±SD work experience was 10.24±5.63 years, and the mean±SD work experience in the ICU was 6.76±4.64 years. The results indicated that their mean±SD perception of futile care was 63±7, and their mean±SD moral distress was 92±54. The score of moral distress showed a low but significant and positive correlation with the legal and organizational aspects of futile care (r=0. 279, P=0.001) and the total score of perception futile care (r=0.2, P=0.012). In the multivariate analysis based on the logistic regression model of futile care, only the relationship between the legal and organizational score in care had a significant relationship with moral distress. So that by increasing one unit in the legal and organizational aspect of care, the chances of scoring above the mean of moral distress increases 1.2 times (P=0.0001, 95% CI; 1.077-1.324). Conclusion: Perhaps by familiarizing nurses with the legal and organizational nature of patient’s care, the moral distress of caring can be reduced.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17582/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽

Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽

Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽

Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽

Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66). Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

Download Full-text

Effects of Using Digital Devices on Food Consumption among University Students in Nepal

International Research Journal of MMC ◽

10.3126/irjmmc.v2i4.41552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 36-54

Author(s):

Dirgha Raj Joshi ◽

Umesh Neupane ◽

Jitendra Kumar Singh ◽

Bishnu Khanal ◽

Shashidhar Belbase

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Online Survey ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Digital Devices ◽

Food Consumed

Food consuming behavior is a concern for good physiological, physical, psychological, and social health. An unbalanced eating habit may be related to several factors. The objective of the study was to investigate how the use of digital devices influences graduate students’ eating behavior. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 Masters of Philosophy (MPhil) scholars of Nepal Open University through an online survey. A Chi-square test and a binary logistic regression model were fitted to find the effect of digital devices on food consumption. There was a significant association between the duration of using a mobile phone, computer, and TV with the quantity of food consumed, preferred time of using a laptop with the quantity of food consumed, and the sitting position during the use of digital devices with the quantity of food consumed. The logistic regression model showed that individual’s sitting positions while using digital devices were significant predictors of food consumption at a 95% confidence level.

Download Full-text

Factors predicting knowledge on COVID-19 misconceptions and perception of government efforts in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20203547 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

Emmanuel K. Bondah ◽

Daniel O. Agyemang

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

The Government

Background: With the increasing rate of COVID-19 cases and mortality across the globe, countries and most people have adopted precautionary and preventive measures to avoid been infected with the disease. However, several trending myths and misconceptions also floods the world during this era.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 587 participants (53% males, 78% aged 18-30 years, and 74% having at least tertiary level education) in Ghana, using a convenience snowballing sampling approach. A self-designed questionnaire based on “World Health Organization (WHO) myth-busters” was used for data collection. A logistic regression model was developed to explore variables predicting misconceptions.Results: With about 75% of respondents believing they knew “a lot” about coronavirus, 41% (confidence interval: 37-45) reported a high level of knowledge on the new coronavirus misconceptions. Social media (87%), and television/radio (57%) were the major sources of knowledge. Masters/Ph.D. degree education, National democratic congress (NDC) political members, other political party members, excellent self-health ratings, social media, respondents that anticipate a remedy in 1-5 years, and the perception that the government is “not doing enough” in fighting the pandemic, were reported factors predicting knowledge in a multiple logistic regression model (p<0.05). Region of residence, political affiliation, self-health ratings, predicted time of remedy, and level of knowledge on covid-19 misconceptions were also associated with the perception of government efforts (p<0.05).Conclusion: Most Ghanaians have much belief in trending misinformation related to the pandemic. Public health education and campaigns should address these misconceptions and encourage the public to seek information from credible sources.

Download Full-text