scholarly journals Does the EU’s Paediatric Regulation work for new medicines for children in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000880
Author(s):  
Pirkko Lepola ◽  
Siri Wang ◽  
Ann Marie Tötterman ◽  
Ninna Gullberg ◽  
Kirstine Moll Harboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Regulation ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Medicines For Children

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the marketing status of the new paediatric medicinal products listed in the 10-year report as initially authorised between 2007 and 2016, reflecting the product availability in four Nordic countries.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.SettingAnalysis of the national medicine agency’s databases in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.Data sourceNew medicinal products with paediatric indications and new paediatric formulations listed in the Annex of European Medicines Agency’s EU Paediatric Regulation 10-year report.Data analysisThe products were classified according to national marketing status between January 2019 and March 2019, whether a product was authorised and whether the product was marketed.Main outcome measuresThe percentages of the new medicinal products with paediatric indications and new paediatric formulations having a valid marketing authorisation and being marketed, both in terms of the sums of all countries and separately for each country.ResultsAcross the four countries, 21%–32% (16/76–24/76) of the new medicinal products were not marketed. Of the new formulations relevant to children, 29%–50% (16/56–28/56) were not marketed, and a significant proportion of these products had never been marketed.ConclusionsThis study reflects the reality of the implementation of the Paediatric Regulation. The results show that several new paediatric medicines and new formulations are not marketed. This affects the product availability. Similar data from other countries are needed to evaluate the overall European status to find remedies to current situation and increase the availability of the medicines for children.

Distress and impaired functioning, coping mechanisms and barriers to access mental health services among Syrian refugees and Jordanian adults after eight years of Syrian crisis: a cross-sectional study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Ahmad Bawaneh ◽  
Zaid Al-Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Barriers To Access

BACKGROUND The Syrian conflict started in 2011 and resulted ever since in a large displacement of Syrians. Conflict-related violence coupled with displacement related stressors such as poverty, poor access to health services, loss of family support and discrimination had a significant impact on the mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of Syrian refugee OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the perceived symptoms of severe distress and impaired functioning, identify coping mechanisms and identify the barriers to access mental health services among Syrian refugees and Jordanian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study study took place in 14 randomly selected sites in Jordan where Syrian refugees are concentered and from Za’tari refugee camp. A toolkit for humanitarian settings was used for data collection. RESULTS Of the 1424 participants, 43.4% had distress; 38.9% among host population, 57.0% among refugees in urban communities, and 23.0% among refugees in camp (p <0.005). Overall, finding comfort in faith and spiritual beliefs was the most common coping mechanism reported by those who perceived to be experiencing distress. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of Syrian refugees had distress symptoms. It is recommended to incorporate mental health services into broad-based community settings, such as schools, primary prevention or case management programs.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence and associated factors of computer vision syndrome among engineering students of Hyderabad, Telangana

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Anupama Pulla ◽  
Asma . ◽  
Nanduri Samyuktha ◽  
Soumya Kasubagula ◽  
Aishwarya Kataih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computer Vision Syndrome ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Near Work

Background: Computer vision syndrome is a complex of eye and vision problems related to near work which are experienced due to prolonged computer use. Computers demand near work, for longer duration which increases discomfort of eye and prolonged exposure to the discomfort leads to a cascade of symptoms that can be referred as computer vision syndrome. The aims and objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among engineering students of Hyderabad, Telangana and to determine the factors related to computer vision syndrome among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from March to June 2017 among students of an engineering college in Hyderabad, Telangana. A convenient sample of 300 students was taken and a predesigned, pre tested questionnaire was used to obtain information.Results: Majority of study population were males (56.3%). Around 75.1% of study population were using all the electronic gadgets like computers, laptops and smartphones. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome was found to be 60.3%. Around 46.7% of study population viewed the screen from a distance of 22-40 centimeters.Conclusions: As students pursuing engineering stream are the future IT and Computer software engineers, preventive strategies adopted by them will significantly decrease the burden of computer vision syndrome and improve productivity. In this study a significant proportion of the engineering students were found to be having vision problems, which emphasizes the need to adopt preventive measures to avoid computer vision syndrome. 

scholarly journals Health Status of School Going Children: A Cross sectional study in urban area of Jhalawar District, Rajasthan

Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Manish Jain ◽  
Mayank Jain ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Kapil Garg ◽  
Asif A Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: The school going age is a formative period, both physically as well as mentally. Poor health status in school aged children is among the causes of poor class performance and high absenteeism. Objectives: to assess the health and nutritional status of the school going children in urban area and to determine the association of health problems with age and gender. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in government schools of urban field practice area of tertiary care institute, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Study was carried out among 2193 students in four government schools. A pretested, semi structured questionnaire was used for collection of data on socio-demographic characters and their health profile. A detailed clinical examination was done from head to toe for every child. Weight and height were measured. Data was entered into the Microsoft Excel 10. Chi square test of significance was used for statistical analysis. Results: Most common health problem was dental caries (15.0%) followed by refractive errors (13.1%) and pallor (12.6%). Proportions of pallor and refractive error were significantly increased with increase in age of study participants. 16.8% of the students were found to be having thinness. Moderate stunting was present in 7.3% students. Conclusion: Dental caries, refractive errors and pallor were the common morbidities. A significant proportion of school children were undernourished.

scholarly journals Dermatoses among patients aged 60 years and above attending a tertiary referral center: A cross-sectional study from North Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammed Kutty Simin ◽  
Sarita Sasidharanpillai ◽  
Uma Rajan ◽  
Najeeba Riyaz
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Referral Center ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth

Objectives: With the rise in life expectancy at birth, geriatric population contributes to a significant proportion of those seeking medical aid. Skin problems in the elderly are very common and vary according to region and ethnicity. It is essential for dermatologists to have a better understanding of the pathophysiology of geriatric skin disorders to formulate quality management guidelines. This study was undertaken to document the frequency and the clinical pattern of various physiological and pathological changes in the elderly skin. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 200 consecutive patients aged 60 years and above and who attended the Dermatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral center in North Kerala. A pre-set pro forma was used to document the patient characteristics, the comorbidities, the medications used, and the clinical findings. Results: All the study participants (100%) had one or more dermatoses. The age of the study population ranged from 60 to 89 years (mean 67.7 ± 6.2 years). This was a female preponderant study with a female to male ratio of 1.4:1. Hypertension (36%), hyperlipidemia (27%) and diabetes mellitus (26%) were the common comorbidities observed. Graying of hair was the most common physiological change, followed by wrinkling. Pruritus was the most common presenting complaint (136, 68%). Statistically significant association was noted between xerosis and generalized pruritus. Fungal infections (30.5%) outnumbered other infections and infestations. Changes of severe photoaging were less frequent. One patient had skin malignancy (basal cell carcinoma). Significant association was noted between photoaging and male sex, smoking, and sun exposure. Limitations: Study conducted in a tertiary referral center not reflecting the status in the community was the major limitation. Conclusion: Photoaging and skin cancers are less frequent in darker skin type. Healthy lifestyle, nutritious diet, frequent application of emollient, better skin care, and judicious use of sunscreen can delay the process of cutaneous aging. More prospective studies in different population groups may go a long way in improving the current knowledge about the less known aspects of geriatric dermatoses.

scholarly journals Patients with Essential Thrombocythaemia have an Increased Prevalence of Antiphospholipid Antibodies which may be associated with Thrombosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (05) ◽  
pp. 802-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Donohoe ◽  
P. Carr ◽  
M. Dave ◽  
I. Mackie ◽  
S.J. Machin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Thrombocythaemia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Thrombotic Complications

SummaryA significant proportion of patients with Essential Thrombocythaemia (ET) have thrombotic complications which have an important impact upon the quality, and duration of their life. We performed a retrospective cross sectional study of the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) in 68 ET patients. Compared to 200 “elderly” controls (> 50 years) there was a significant increase in anticardiolipin IgM (p < 0.0001) and anti β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) IgM (p < 0.0001) antibodies in ET. Thrombosis occurred in 10/20 with APA and 12/48 without, p = 0.04, relative risk 2.0 (95% confidence intervals 1.03–3.86); these patients did not differ in terms of other clinical features. The prevalence of thrombosis in patients with dual APA (6/7) was significant when compared to those with single APA (p = 0.02) and the remaining patients (p < 0.0002). Also anti-β2GP1 IgM antibodies either alone, or in combination with another APA, were associated with thrombosis (p = 0.02). These results suggest that the prevalence of APA in ET and their influence upon thrombotic risk merit investigation in a larger study.

scholarly journals An Experience with an Outbreak of Kala-azar in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Rahim ◽  
Md. Moniruzzaman ◽  
Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Shah Golam Nabi ◽  
Supriya Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
History Of

Background: A large number of kala-azar cases from a particular village in Debigonj upazila of Panchaghar, a remote district of Bangladesh, led us to carry out the study of the situation. Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was done among clinically screened people at the health camp in two days in Dararhat in Debigonj upazila of Panchaghar. Results: Around 700 people were screened at the health camp and 51 (7.2%) were suspected to have either Kala-azar or related disorders where 42 (82%) were rk-39 test positive. The disease was more prevalent among adult (59.6%) and children (23.8%) under the age of 10 years. However, there was no clear linear relationship between the prevalence of the disease and age group. Kala-azar occurred in both male and female, and its prevalence did not correlate significantly with income. A history of fever (73.8%) and splenomegaly (45.2%) was noted in most of the kala-azar cases. A significant number of PKDL (26.2%) cases were also found in that area. Conclusions: Since there are a significant proportion of PKDL cases, eradication will be very tough unless the health authority take adequate measure to identify and treat them properly. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (1) : 25-28

Biodiversity of Medically Important Calyptratae Flies (Diptera: Schizophora) in Hospitals in the Northern Coastline of the Persian Gulf, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-771
Author(s):  
Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi ◽  
Moussa Soleimani-Ahmadi ◽  
Abdolrahim Cheshmposhan ◽  
Kamran Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Filth Flies ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Fannia Canicularis

Abstract Domestic filth flies play a significant role in the transmission of nosocomial infections and cause nosocomial myiasis in hospitals worldwide. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in five hospitals of the Hormozgan province, of southern Iran. Adult flies were collected by bottle fly traps. Specimens were pinned and morphologically identified using the relevant keys. Species biodiversity indices including Menhinick (M), Shannon–Wiener (H’), Pielou’s Evenness (E), and Simpson’s diversity (D) were calculated. Totally 2,298 individuals of 18 species of flies belonging to nine genera and four families were collected. Chrysomya megacephala was the most frequent species (37.3%), followed by Chrysoma albiceps (24.8%), Fannia canicularis (5.1%), Musca domestica (4.8%), Sarcophaga aegyptica (3.7%), and 15 other species (24.4%). Our results show a high diversity and abundance of domestic filth flies in the studied hospitals. Relatively similar data derived from various hospitals in this study can show the uniformity in sanitary conditions of hospitals. On the other hand, estimation of diversity indices alarmed for potential of dominant species in fly communities in hospital environments.

scholarly journals Attitudes on euthanasia among medical students and doctors in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. M. T. B. Herath ◽  
K. W. S. M. Wijayawardhana ◽  
U. I. Wickramarachchi ◽  
Chaturaka Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Undergraduates

Abstract Background Euthanasia is a topic of intense ethical debate and it is illegal in most countries at present, including Sri Lanka. The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study of medical students and practicing doctors was to explore the acceptance of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide (PAS), and factors influencing this opinion. Methods A customised online questionnaire which explored opinions on euthanasia was administered to first and final year medical undergraduates in University of Colombo and practicing doctors with more than 5 years of work experience at The National Hospital of Sri Lanka. Attitudes on euthanasia and PAS were also assessed with the attitudes towards euthanasia (ATE) Scale, which is a 10-item questionnaire. Results A total of 425 individuals responded (males: 178, 42%, age: median – 27 years), which included 143 (33.6%) first-year medical undergraduates, 141 (33.2%) final-year medical undergraduates and 141 (33.2%) practicing doctors. More participants (200, 47.1%) favoured legalizing euthanasia than those directly opposing it (110, 25.9%), but a significant proportion (27%) remained undecided. The mean scores of ATE questionnaire from the whole sample were generally unfavourable towards euthanasia/PAS. Accepting euthanasia as an option for oneself (p =  < 0.001) was the strongest predictor of favouring euthanasia/PAS or supporting its legalization. Conclusion In this cross-sectional survey, more respondents supported legalisation of euthanasia in Sri Lanka than those openly opposing it. Yet, a significant minority that responded as “undecided” for legalisation, were more likely to have unfavourable ATE.

scholarly journals Khat chewing practice and associated factors among medical students in university of Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegaye Adane Birhan ◽  
Walelegn Worku ◽  
Jember Azanaw ◽  
Lamrot Yohannes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Globally, khat chewing practice becoming an alarming and common among the youth generation especially in higher educational institutions. It may also leads to frequent misbehavior, poor academic performance and memory impairment among students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of khat chewing and associated factors among medical students in University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed on 422 medical students. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Stratified followed by random sampling was employed to select the samples. Multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify the predictors. P ≤ 0.05 was used to select statistically significant factors.Result: The current prevalence of khat chewing among medical students was 21.5%. The odds of khat chewing was higher among males [AOR=3.353; 95%CI (1.460-7.701)], Muslims [AOR=6.390; 95%CI (1.903-21.460)], fifth and six year students [AOR= 3.391; 95%CI (1.354-8.488)], smokers [AOR=5.081; 95%CI (1.898-13.601)], alcohol users [AOR=4.872; 95%CI (2.094-11.332)], students who had khat chewer close friends [AOR=30.645; 95%CI (12.261-76.589)].Conclusion: Since a significant proportion of students chew khat, continuous awareness creation on the impact of khat chewing and counseling services are recommended.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to assess the diagnostic and management practices of general practitioners regarding tuberculosis in an urban slum of Mumbai, Maharashtra

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2548
Author(s):  
G. B. Sawase ◽  
S. M. Achrya ◽  
R. R. Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Practitioners ◽  
Field Practice

Background: India has large and growing private medical sector and it is observed that Private Practitioners are generally the first point of contact for significant proportion of patients with tuberculosis. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the diagnostic and management practices for tuberculosis among the private practitioners in an urban slum area. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Urban Health Centre attached to the teaching hospital and medical college. A total of 76 Private Practitioners practising in the field practice area were contacted, explained the purpose and benefits of the study, 67 private practitioners gave consent for involvement in the study. A semi structured and pretested questionnaire was used to interview the private practitioners. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 17.0. Results: Among 67 Private Practitioners in the area only 19 (28.4%) doctors mentioned that they diagnose TB patients in their clinic and start the diagnosed TB patients on treatment. Persistent cough (97%), fever (86.5%), weight loss (58.2%) were the most common symptoms of TB identified by these doctors. The mean duration for suspecting TB mentioned was 3.79 weeks. Chest x-ray was the most common (85.1%) investigation advised. HRZE was the drug regimen of choice whereas few doctors gave various anti-TB drugs including 2nd line drugs like kanamycin, PAS, cycloserine to their patients. Conclusions: In present study showed majority of the private practitioners are neither updated nor very particular about the diagnosis and correct regimen of anti TB therapy. A few doctors also used 2nd line anti-TB drugs drugs like kanamycin, PAS, cycloserine to their patients which shows the likely irrational use of the few available anti-tuberculosis drugs, which may favour the emergence and spread of drug resistance.  

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