scholarly journals Days alive and at home after hip fracture: a cross-sectional validation of a patient-centred outcome measure using routinely collected data

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjqs-2021-013150
Author(s):  
Daniel I McIsaac ◽  
Robert Talarico ◽  
Angela Jerath ◽  
Duminda N Wijeysundera
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Routinely Collected Health Data ◽  
At Home

BackgroundDays alive and at home (DAH) is a patient centered outcome measureable in routinely collected health data. The validity and minimally important difference (MID) in hip fracture have not been evaluated.ObjectiveWe assessed construct and predictive validity and estimated a MID for the patient-centred outcome of DAH after hip fracture admission.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional observational study using linked health administrative data in Ontario, Canada. DAH was calculated as the number of days alive within 90 days of admission minus the number of days hospitalised or institutionalised. All hospital admissions (2012–2018) for hip fracture in adults aged >50 years were included. Construct validity analyses used Bayesian quantile regression to estimate the associations of postulated patient, admission and process-related variables with DAH. The predictive validity assessed was the correlation of DAH in 90 days with the value from 91 to 365 days; and the association and discrimination of DAH in 90 days predicting subsequent mortality. MID was estimated by averaging distribution-based and clinical anchor-based estimates.ResultsWe identified 63 778 patients with hip fracture. The median number of DAH was 43 (range 0–87). In the 90 days after admission, 8050 (12.6%) people died; a further 6366 (10.0%) died from days 91 to 365. Associations between patient-level and admission-level factors with the median DAH (lower with greater age, frailty and comorbidity, lower if admitted to intensive care or having had a complication) supported construct validity. DAH in 90 days after admission was strongly correlated with DAH in 365 days after admission (r=0.922). An 11-day MID was estimated.ConclusionDAH has face, construct and predictive validity as a patient-centred outcome in patients with hip fracture, with an estimated MID of 11 days. Future research is required to include direct patient perspectives in confirming MID.

scholarly journals Health care provided to recent asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking pediatric patients in 2016 and 2017 at a Swiss tertiary hospital - a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Brandenberger ◽  
Christian Pohl ◽  
Florian Vogt ◽  
Thorkild Tylleskär ◽  
Nicole Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Children With Medical Complexity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Visits

Abstract BackgroundAsylum-seeking children represent an increasing and vulnerable group of patients whose health needs are largely unmet. Data on the health care provision to asylum-seeking children in European contexts is scarce. In this study we compare the health care provided to recent asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking children at a Swiss tertiary hospital.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional retrospective study in a pediatric tertiary care hospital in Basel, Switzerland. All patients and visits from January 2016 to December 2017 were identified, using administrative and medical electronic health records. The asylum-seeking status was systematically assessed and the patients were allocated accordingly in the two study groups.Results A total of 202,316 visits by 55,789 patients were included, of which asylum-seeking patients accounted for 1674 (1%) visits by 439 (1%) individuals. The emergency department recorded the highest number of visits in both groups with a lower proportion in asylum-seeking compared to non-asylum-seeking children: 19% (317/1674) and 32% (64,315/200,642) respectively. The median number of visits per patient was 1 (IQR 1-2) in the asylum-seeking and 2 (IQR 1-4) in the non-asylum-seeking children. Hospital admissions were more common in asylum-seeking compared to non-asylum-seeking patients with 11% (184/1674) and 7% (14,692/200,642). Frequent visits (>15 visits per patient) accounted for 48% (807/1674) of total visits in asylum-seeking and 25% (49,886/200,642) of total visits in non-asylum-seeking patients. ConclusionsHospital visits by asylum-seeking children represented a small proportion of all visits. The emergency department had the highest number of visits in all patients but was less frequently used by asylum-seeking children. Frequent care suggests that asylum-seeking patients also present with more complex diseases. Further studies are needed, focusing on asylum-seeking children with medical complexity.

Morphological awareness: Construct and predictive validity in Arabic

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANA TIBI ◽  
JOHN R. KIRBY
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Morphological Awareness ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Pseudoword Reading ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTThe purposes of this study were to examine the dimensions underlying morphological awareness (MA) in Arabic (construct validity) and to determine how well MA predicted reading (predictive validity). Ten MA tasks varying in key dimensions (oral vs. written, single word vs. sentence contexts, and standard vs. local dialect) and two reading tasks (real word and pseudoword reading) were administered to 102 Arabic-speaking Grade 3 children in Abu-Dhabi. Factor analysis of the MA tasks yielded one predominant factor, supporting the construct validity of MA in Arabic. Closer inspection revealed that this factor had two subcomponents, oral and written. Hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for age and gender, indicated that both the one- and the two-factor solutions accounted for 48% of the variance in word reading, and 40% of the variance in pseudoword reading, supporting the predictive validity of MA. Implications for future research, assessment, and instruction are discussed.

scholarly journals The Construct and Predictive Validity Testing of Indonesian Entrepreneurial Competence Inventory-Situational Judgment Test Model (Long Version)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicta Prihatin Dwi Riyanti ◽  
Angela Oktavia Suryani ◽  
Christine Winstinindah Sandroto ◽  
Silverius Y. Soeharso
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Situational Judgment Test ◽  
Situational Judgment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research aimed to test the internal and external validity of the Indonesian Entrepreneurial Competence Inventory that was constructed based on situational judgment test (SJT) model. Spencer’s entrepreneurial competence theory and interviews with entrepreneurs were employed to build the items. The internal construct validity was tested by applying confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the external construct validity was tested by implementing correlations with other tests that were theoretically correlate with entrepreneurial competency, namely the previous entrepreneurial competence (Likert-scale model) and risk behaviour. The predictive validity was analysed by using correlation testing with an instrument assessing balance scorecard measurement of entrepreneurial achievement. A sample of 149 entrepreneurs from industrial cities in Indonesia was recruited via convenience sampling. The CFA analyses showed that nine dimensions of the Indonesian Entrepreneurial Competences Inventory were valid. In the correlation testing with risk taking behaviour and business success, all of the dimensions were significantly valid, except the see and act on opportunity dimension. However, in the correlation with the previous entrepreneurial competence scale, the significant correlation was found only with commitment to work. In further analysis, the correlation between dimensions of the current inventory and dimensions of the previous scale showed that the significant correlations were found between competence of seeing opportunity and commitment to work, assertiveness, and persuasion. The impact to the future research and practice application were discussed.

Operationalizing the Disablement Process for Research on Older Adults: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-613
Author(s):  
Natasha E. Lane ◽  
Cynthia M. Boyd ◽  
Thérèse A. Stukel ◽  
Walter P. Wodchis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disablement Process ◽  
Routinely Collected Health Data

ABSTRACTSelf-care disability is difficulty with or dependence on others to perform activities of daily living, such as eating and dressing. Disablement is worsening self-care disability measured over time. The disablement process model (DPM) is often used to conceptualize gerontology research on self-care disability and disablement; however, no summary of variables that align with person-level DPM constructs exists. This review summarizes the results of 88 studies to identify the nature and role of variables associated with disability and disablement in older adults according to the person-level constructs (e.g., demographic characteristics, chronic pathologies) in the DPM. It also examines the evidence for cross-sectional applications of the DPM and identifies common limitations in extant literature to address in future research. Researchers can apply these results to guide theory-driven disability and disablement research using routinely collected health data from older adults.

scholarly journals To What Extent Do Parents of Montessori-Educated Children “Do Montessori” at Home? Preliminary Findings and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Jill K. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Parent Education ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Montessori Education ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
At Home

Few, if any, empirical studies have explicitly examined the home environments of Montessori-educated children, and specifically whether or not Montessori parents reinforce or undermine their children’s Montessori education at home. With a sample of 30 parents of Montessori-educated toddlers and preschoolers attending a private Montessori school in the Midwest, this cross-sectional study examined Montessori parents’ knowledge of Montessori methods and their parenting beliefs and behaviors at home. Results suggested that Montessori parents from the targeted school were knowledgeable about and valued Montessori methods, even though few had a Montessori education themselves. Parents in this sample varied in their parenting behaviors and choices at home, with some parents who intentionally reinforced Montessori principles and others whose behaviors were inconsistent with a Montessori approach. Findings from this preliminary study provide a first glimpse into the beliefs and behaviors of Montessori parents from which future studies can build upon. Montessori educators and administrators will benefit from future research involving Montessori parents, particularly for those who offer Montessori-based parent education sessions to the families they serve.

Expanding Knowledge Concerning the Safe at Home Instrument for Assessing Readiness to Change Among Individuals in Batterer Treatment

Partner Abuse ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Sielski ◽  
Audrey L. Begun ◽  
John Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Batterer Treatment ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
At Home

The Revised Safe at Home instrument (Begun et al., 2008) is based on application of the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TMBC) and offers clinicians and clients an assessment tool to measure client readiness for changing intimate partner violence (IPV) behaviors. Scale scores from this tool can be used to assess client readiness to change and evaluate treatment program outcomes. The purposes of this study are to relate patterns in scale scores with those obtained in previous studies, across the treatment cycle, and for women as well as men. This cross-sectional study engaged 246 participants from 6 IPV batterer treatment programs. Analyses consisted of computing scale totals and means for 5 scales (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/action, maintenance, and overall readiness), comparing scores for men and women, and drawing comparisons with reports at treatment intake only (Begun et al., 2008; Begun et al., 2003). Findings indicated similar scores on precontemplation and contemplation but significantly higher scores on preparation/action, maintenance, and overall readiness compared to the previous study. No differences related to phase of treatment and no gender differences were significant. The potential impact of self- versus clinical interview administration of the instrument is discussed, along with additional implications for clinical practice and directions for future research using this instrument.

Circumstances of hospital admissions in palliative care: A cross-sectional survey of patients admitted to hospital with palliative care needs

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Robinson ◽  
Merryn Gott ◽  
Rosemary Frey ◽  
Christine Ingleton
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care At Home ◽  
Palliative Care Needs ◽  
At Home

Background: On average, people will experience 2.28 hospital admissions in the last year of life with the likelihood of a hospital admission increasing in the last 2 weeks of life. Reducing hospital admissions has become a focus for high-income countries as they work to manage the financial implications of an ageing population. However, the circumstances by which patients with palliative care needs are admitted to hospital remain poorly understood. Aim: To explore the circumstances of hospital admissions for patients with palliative care needs. Design: Cross-sectional survey design using face-to-face questionnaires. Setting/participants: In total, 116 patients aged >18 years admitted to a tertiary hospital with palliative care needs. Results: Those with a non-cancer diagnosis and those aged over 75 years were less likely to have hospice involved prior to the admission ( x2 (1, n = 116) = 10.19, p = 0.00). Few patients recognised community services as having a role in enabling them to remain at home. Those with cancer placed a significantly higher priority on receiving information about their illness ( t(114) = 2.03, p = 0.04) and receiving tests and investigations ( t(114) = 2.37, p = 0.02) in hospital. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the complexity of hospital admissions in palliative care. Further research is needed to explore patient perceptions of care at home and the role of community services to enable them to remain at home. Understanding the motivation to come to hospital in the context of an incurable illness and limited treatment options may help to inform the development of services that can enable better care at home.

The Delirium Observation Screening Scale: A Screening Instrument for Delirium

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke J. Schuurmans ◽  
Lillie M. Shortridge-Baggett ◽  
Sijmen A. Duursma
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dos Scale

The Delirium Observation Screening (DOS) scale, a 25-item scale, was developed to facilitate early recognition of delirium, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria, based on nurses’ observations during regular care. The scale was tested for content validity by a group of seven experts in the field of delirium. Internal consistency, predictive validity, and concurrent and construct validity were tested in two prospective studies with high risk groups of patients: geriatric medicine patients and elderly hip fracture patients. Among the patients admitted to a geriatric department (N = 82), 4 became delirious; among the elderly hip fracture patients (N = 92), 18 became delirious. The DOS scale was determined to be content valid and showed high internal consistency, α = 0.93 and α = 0.96. Predictive validity against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV diagnosis of delirium made by a geriatrician was good in both studies. Correlations of the DOS scale with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were Rs -0.79 (p ≤ 0.001) in the hip fracture patients and Rs -0.66 (p ≤ 0.001) in the geriatric medicine patients. Concurrent validity, as tested by comparison of the research nurse’s ratings of the DOS scale and the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), for the group of hip fracture patients was 0.63 (p ≤ 0.001). Construct validity of the DOS was tested against the Informant Questionnaire of Cognitive Decline in Elderly (IQCODE), a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis and the Barthel Index. Correlation with the IQCODE was 0.74 (p ≤ 0.001) in the study with the hip fracture patients and 0.33 (p ≤ 0.05) in the study with the geriatric medicine patients. Correlation with the Barthel Index was -0.26 (p ≤ 0.05) in the geriatric medicine patients and -0.55 (p ≤ 0.001) in the hip fracture patients. The overall conclusion of these studies is that the DOS scale shows satisfactory validity and reliability, to guide early recognition of delirium by nurses’ observation.

scholarly journals Counselling Students’ Perception of Online Learning during COVID-19 in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. pp282-295
Author(s):  
A. Nazilah
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Counselling Students ◽  
Learning Constraints ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic is of global proportions affecting Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), with online learning becoming a prominent approach to students’ learning during the pandemic. However, minimal attention has been paid to researching online learning in Malaysia during COVID-19. This cross-sectional study examines students’ perceptions of online learning during the pandemic. A sample of 457 counselling students has been chosen using purposive sampling. Online questionnaires in Google Forms with an appended consent form were distributed to the respondents via WhatsApp with 184 respondents and a response rate of 40.3 per cent. The online questionnaire comprised demographic, students’ perception towards online learning (a closed-ended question), reasons for liking and disliking online learning (two closed-ended questions), their preferable online teaching material and delivery (a closed-ended question), and suggestions to overcome online learning constraints (an open-ended question). Data collection was carried out in approximately two weeks and analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the majority of respondents (84.8%) decided that the online learning approach was essential during the pandemic. Most students liked online learning because learning can continue even during the pandemic (75.7%), it was safer to study at home than to go to campus (63.0%), and it facilitated meeting the requirements to graduate on time (44.5%). Most disliked online learning because doing group assignments online was difficult (60.3%), attending online classes was challenging (59.8%), and taking an online test was challenging (55.3%). The respondents (50.0%) also acknowledged that the most effective teaching material and delivery tool for online learning was a PowerPoint with audio (asynchronous method). The respondents recommended internet stability and speed improvements, and a convenient space for studying online at home. This study contributes to the theory and evidence necessary for future research, programmes, and interventions to promote a fully digitally connected and informed society.

scholarly journals Validity of infant face skin assessment by parents at home

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Kaori Yonezawa ◽  
Megumi Haruna ◽  
Reiji Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Assessment ◽  
Skin Ph ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
At Home

Parents had better to assess their infant’s skin daily to prevent the development of any skin problems. However, there are no standard methods for assessing infant skin at home. This study aimed to validate the assessment of infant face skin conditions by parents as compared to using skin barrier function clinical tests. In addition, we evaluated the degree of agreement between parents and physicians/midwives when assessing an infant’s skin. A cross-sectional study involving 184 infants aged 3 months was conducted. To evaluate the parents’ infant skin assessment, we used the Neonatal Skin Condition Score (NSCS). On the same day, we evaluated the skin barrier function on the infant’s forehead and cheek, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration, skin pH, and sebum secretion. Skin barrier function values were correlated with infant skin condition assessed by parents, especially in cases of TEWL of the cheek, for which a moderate positive correlation was found between parental assessment score (ρ = 0.448). In addition, infant with skin problems based on parental assessment had a significantly higher TEWL, lower SCH, and higher skin pH. However, there was weak agreement between parental and physician/midwife assessment. Thus, there was a relationship between parental assessment and skin barrier function; thus, parents can use at-home assessment to assist with infant skin care. In the future, research focused on developing methods of examining infant skin conditions should consider incorporate parental daily skin assessment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document