scholarly journals Quasispecies characteristic in “a” determinant region is a potential predictor for the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure of mother-to-child-transmission of sub-genotype C2 hepatitis B virus: a prospective nested case–control study

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Xiao ◽  
Kuixia Sun ◽  
Zhongping Duan ◽  
Zhixiu Liu ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunoprophylaxis Failure ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveThis study was performed to explore the correlation between the characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) quasispecies in HBV-infected pregnant women and the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure for their infants.DesignIn this prospective nested case–control study, the characteristics of HBV quasispecies in mothers whose infants were immunoprophylaxis success (control group) and those whose infants were immunoprophylaxis failure (case group) were analysed by the clone-based sequencing of full-length HBV genome and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of “a” determinant region, and were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe quasispecies characteristics including mutant frequency, Shannon entropy and mean genetic distance at amino acid level of “a” determinant region were significantly lower in case group than that in control group, using the full-length HBV genome clone-based sequencing assay. These results were confirmed by NGS assay. Notably, we discovered that the differences were also significant at nucleotide level by NGS assay. Furthermore, the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure could be predicted by analysing the three HBV quasispecies characteristics either at nucleotide level or at amino acid level of “a” determinant region, and the corresponding predictive values were tentatively set up.ConclusionsHBV quasispecies with a more complex mutant spectrum in “a” determinant region might be more vulnerable to extinct through mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT). More importantly, analysing HBV quasispecies characteristics in pregnant women with high HBV DNA load might be helpful to predict the high-risk population of immunoprophylaxis failure, and consequently provide accurate intervention against MTCT of HBV.

scholarly journals Antenatal HIV-1 RNA load and timing of mother to child transmission; a nested case-control study in a resource poor setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerina Duri ◽  
Felicity Z Gumbo ◽  
Knut I Kristiansen ◽  
Nyaradzi E Kurewa ◽  
Munyaradzi P Mapingure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Resource Poor Setting ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The role of leukotriene modifying agent treatment in neuropsychiatric events of elderly asthma patients: a nested case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Oh Kang ◽  
Kyung Hyun Min ◽  
Hyun Jeong Kim ◽  
Tae Hyeok Kim ◽  
Woorim Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Boxed Warning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background In March 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration decided that the dangers related to neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) of montelukast, one of the leukotriene modifying agents (LTMAs), should be communicated through ‘boxed warning’. In case of NPEs, the prevalence has been the highest in elderly people. Because the characteristics of the elderly such as old age itself can act as risk factors. Therefore, an investigation on safety of LTMAs related to NPEs in elderly using LTMAs is needed. Method A nested case-control study using an elderly sample cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was used. The asthma cohort included asthma patients newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. Within the asthma cohort, the case group was defined as patients who were diagnosed with NPEs. Among patients who had never been diagnosed with NPEs, the control group was selected by matching 1:1 by propensity score. Patients who were prescribed LTMAs for 1 year prior to index date were defined as the exposure group. The logistic regression model was used to measure the effect of LTMAs on NPEs. Results We identified 141,165 patients with newly diagnosed asthma, and selected 31,992 patients per each case and control group. Exposure to LTMAs significantly increased the risk of overall NPEs about in comparison with the absence of exposure (crude odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% CI 1.50–1.68). After adjusting for confounding factors, the overall NPEs risk increased (adjusted OR, 1.67, 95% CI 1.58–1.78). Conclusion This study suggests that elderly asthma patients prescribed LTMAs had a higher risk of NPEs than patients who were not treated with LTMAs. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of LTMAs.

A novel strategy for transmural stent removal in necrotizing pancreatitis undergoing endoscopic transmural necrosectomy: a nested, case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Ling Ding ◽  
Liang Xia ◽  
Wenhua He ◽  
Huifang Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Necrotizing Pancreatitis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Stent Removal ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract BackgroundAlthough metal stents have been widely used in the endoscopic step-up approach for necrotizing pancreatitis (NP), the exact timing of transmural stent removal has not been well studied. Here, we report a novel strategy for stent removal and compare it with the conventional strategy.MethodsThis retrospective, nested, case-control study analyzed all adult NP patients who underwent endoscopic transmural necrosectomy (ETN). Clinical outcomes were compared between case group (a novel strategy in which the stents were removed during the last necrosectomy when the ETN endpoint was achieved) and 1:1 necrosis extent matched control group (the conventional strategy in which the stents were removed after necrosectomy when clinical symptoms were relieved and collection was nearly completely resolved, as confirmed by imaging).ResultsBaseline characteristics was comparable between case group (n=37) and control group (n=37). Three (8.1%) patients in case group and one (2.7%) patient in control group needed additional ETN after stent removal (P >0.05). Nearly all patients (case: 97.3%; control: 94.6%) achieved clinical success. There was no difference in disease-related (case: 40.5%; control: 37.8%) or stent-related (case: 27.0%; control: 16.2%) complications. Case group had a trend of shorter length of stent placement (median: 20.0 days vs. 29.5 days, P >0.05).ConclusionsCompared to the convention strategy, the novel strategy of transmural stent removal during last necrosectomy avoids one endoscopy procedure and is feasible, with no need for additional ETN after stent removal, similar improvement in clinical outcomes, and no increase in complications. Prospective multicenter studies regarding the timing of transmural stent removal are needed to further validate our conclusions.

scholarly journals Stunting and its associated factors among 6–7-year-old children in southern Iran: a nested case–control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Fatemi ◽  
Mohammad Fararouei ◽  
Hossein Moravej ◽  
Mostafa Dianatinasab
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractObjectiveHeight-for-age shorter than 3th percentile or 2 sd below the median of the National Center for Health Statistics/WHO growth reference is known as stunting. The present study aimed to measure the association of several factors with stunting in a cohort born from 2009 to 2010 in Shiraz, Iran.Design/Setting/SubjectsNested case–control study conducted on pre-school children in 2016. Participants were 200 children suffering from stunting (case group) and 200 children with normal height (control group).ResultsResults of multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested a significant relationship (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) between stunting and mother’s occupation (employed v. housewife: 3·58; 1·73, 7·39) and chronic diseases (yes v. no: 2·93; 1·25, 6·88). In addition, significant associations were found between family income (<10 million v. >30 million Rials: 5·63; 2·46, 12·87), diary consumption (very little v. high: 5·93; 1·74, 20·18) and animal protein in diet (low v. very high: 2·42; 1·13, 5·19) and stunting among children. Also, chance of stunting was inversely associated with birth interval (<2 years v. first child: 3·13; 1·45, 6·76) and duration of exclusive breast-feeding (18–24 months v. formula only or breast-feeding for <18 months: 0·53; 0·30, 0·92).ConclusionsMothers being housewife, possibly due to having more time to take care of their children, childhood diseases and consumption of dairy foods are strong and modifiable factors which can positively affect Iranian children’s stature. Higher family income is another important factor in stunting but under less parental control.

scholarly journals Predictive indicators of severe COVID-19 independent of comorbidities and advanced age: a nested case−control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjie Li ◽  
Tuohutaerbieke Marmar ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Jing Tu ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract To determine what exacerbate severity of the COVID-19 among patients without comorbidities and advanced age and investigate potential clinical indicators for early surveillance, we adopted a nested case−control study, design in which severe cases (case group, n = 67) and moderate cases (control group, n = 67) of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 without comorbidities, with ages ranging from 18 to 50 years who admitted to Wuhan Tongji Hospital were matched based on age, sex and BMI. Demographic and clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with severe symptoms were analysed. Percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), lymphocyte counts, C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-10 were found closely associated with severe COVID-19. The adjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the independent risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 were CRP (OR 2.037, 95% CI 1.078–3.847, P = 0.028), SpO2 (OR 1.639, 95% CI 0.943–2.850, P = 0.080) and lymphocyte (OR 1.530, 95% CI 0.850–2.723, P = 0.148), whereas the changes exhibited by indicators influenced incidence of disease severity. Males exhibited higher levels of indicators associated with inflammation, myocardial injury and kidney injury than the females. This study reveals that increased CRP levels and decreased SpO2 and lymphocyte counts could serve as potential indicators of severe COVID-19, independent of comorbidities, advanced age and sex. Males could at higher risk of developing severe symptoms of COVID-19 than females.

scholarly journals Associations between Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions and Retinopathy of Prematurity

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tobias Hengartner ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Riccardo E. Pfister ◽  
Diane Snyers ◽  
Jane McDougall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this study is to examine possible associations between the transfusion of RBC or platelets (PLTs) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective, national, case-control study included all live births in Switzerland between 2013 and 2018. We investigated preterm infants at a gestational age of &#x3c;28 weeks, who developed higher stage ROP (≥stage 2, <i>n</i> = 178). Each case infant was matched to another of the same sex who did not develop ROP (<i>n</i> = 178, control group). <b><i>Results:</i></b> When compared with the control group, we observed higher numbers of RBC transfusions per infant and higher percentages of infants receiving PLT transfusions in the case group. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that both RBC (odds ratio [OR] 1.081, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020–1.146) and PLT transfusions (OR = 2.502, 95% CI 1.566–3.998) numbers were associated with ROP development. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Multiple RBC and PLT transfusions are associated with higher stage ROP development. Prospective studies are required to determine their potential as risk factors.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus pre-S deletion mutations are a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a matched nested case–control study

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 2882-2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Liao Fang ◽  
Caroline A. Sabin ◽  
Bai-Qing Dong ◽  
Shao-Chao Wei ◽  
Qin-Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Deletion Mutations ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

A matched nested case–control study of 33 paired cases and controls was conducted, based on a study cohort in Long An county, Guangxi, China, to determine whether infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) with pre-S deletions is independently associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), without the confounding effects of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations. The prevalence of pre-S deletions was significantly higher in HCC (45.5 %, 15 of 33) than the controls (18.2 %, 6 of 33) (P<0.01), under the control of the influence of BCP double mutations. Most of the pre-S deletions occurred in, or involved, the 5′ half of the pre-S2 region and the difference between HCC (93.3 %, 14 of 15) and controls (66.7 %, four of six) was significant for this region (P=0.015). There was no significant difference in pre-S deletions between the BCP mutant group and BCP wild-type group (P>0.05), nor was the prevalence of pre-S deletions significantly different between genotypes B and C (P>0.1). These results suggest that pre-S deletions constitute an independent risk factor for HCC and their emergence and effect are independent of BCP mutations. The 5′ terminus of pre-S2 is the favoured site for the deletion mutations, especially in HCC cases. Further prospective studies are required to confirm the role of these mutations in the development of HCC.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Fetus dan Tali Pusat terhadap Risiko Asphyxia Perinatal di Surakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Siti Lestari ◽  
Dyah Dwi Astuti ◽  
Fachriza Malika Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fetal Position ◽  
Control Study

Asfiksia perinatal merujuk pada kekurangan oksigen selama persalinan, sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan kematian dan kecacatan. WHO memperkirakan  4 juta anak terlahir dengan asfiksia setiap tahun, dimana 1 juta di antaranya meninggal dan 1 juta anak bertahan hidup dengan gejala sisa neurologis yang parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko fetal dan tali pusat pada asfiksia neonatal.Penelitian dilakukan di lakukan di RS Dr Moewardi Surakarta dengan pendekatan  quantitative retrospective case control study. Data diambil dari rekam medis antara  tahun 2013-2018. Penelitan ini melibatkan  264 neonatal yang terdiri dari 88 kelompok kasus dan 176  kelompok control. Kelompok kasus adalah bayi dengan diagnosa  asfiksia yang  dilakukan analisis terhadap faktor risiko fetal, sedangkan bayi yang tidak mengalami asfiksia dijadikan  kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis statistik uji Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact ditemukan bahwa  kelahiran prematur (OR 2,07 CI 95% P 0,02), persalinan dengan tindakan (OR 3,61 CI 95% P 0,00), berat bayi (OR 2,85 CI 95% P 0,00), posisi janin (OR 2,37 CI 95% P 0,05), tali pusat ( QR 3,071 CI 95%  P 0,01)  berisiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal. Air ketuban yang bercampur meconium (OR 1,51 CI 95% P 0,16) tidak memiliki risiko  dengan Asfiksia perinatal. Kesimpulan: Risiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal  meliputi kelahiran prematur, persalinan dengan tindakan, berat bayi, posisi janin,  dan tali pusat.Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen during labor, which has the potential to cause death and disability. WHO estimates  4 million children born with asphyxia each year, in  which 1 million dies and 1 million survive with severe neurological sequelae. This study aims to analyze fetal and umbilical risk factors in neonatal asphyxia.This research is a quantitative retrospective case-control study, which was conducted at The Dr. Moewardi  hospital,  Surakarta. Data was taken from  medical records from 2013-2018. The case group was patients diagnosed  asphyxia, while those who did not experience asphyxia were treated as a control group.  A total of 264  samples, consisting of 88 case group respondents and 176 control group respondents. Statistical analysis Chi- Square and Fisher Exact found that preterm birth (OR 2.07 CI 95% P 0.02), labor with instrument or complication (OR 3.61 CI 95% P 0.00), infant weight (OR 2.85 CI 95% P 0, 00), fetal position (OR 2.37 CI 95% P 0.05), umbilical cord (QR 3.071 CI 95% P 0.01) are at risk for the incidence of perinatal Asphyxia. The amniotic fluid mixed with meconium (OR 1.51 CI 95% P 0.16) has no risk with perinatal asphyxia.The risk factors of incidences of perinatal asphyxia were  preterm birth, labor with instrument or complication, baby weight, fetal position and umbilical cord. 

scholarly journals The Relationship between Serum Levels of Vitamin C, Uric Acid and Antioxidant Condition with Coronary Artery Diseases: a Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Torkzaban ◽  
Seyed Amir Mansour Alavi Naeini ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Namdari
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Coronary hearth diseases are among the main causes of death in adults. Increase of oxidative stress and defects in antioxidant defense play a major role in endothelium performance and are an effective factor in progress of atherosclerosis. Some studies have also reported different malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity among the atherosclerosis patients.Methods In this case-control study, 44 atherosclerosis patients referring to Shahid Madani treatment-education center were considered as the case group; while 44 healthy peoples were placed in the control group. Demographic data and anthropometric indices were measured. Food frequency questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaires were also completed. After 12 hours of fasting, 10 ml blood was sampled from the participants. Uric acid, vitamin C, TAC and MDA were also measured. The data were finally analyzed by SPSS Ver 22 software.Results A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of uric acid (P<0.001) and vitamin C (P<0.03). However, mean MDA and TAC showed no significant difference between the two groups. The two groups’ difference in terms of vitamin A, E and beta carotene, zinc and selenium intake was not significant. A significant difference was however detected between the two groups in terms of vitamin C (P<0.047). A significant relationship was also observed between the systolic pressure and CHD (P<0.028).Conclusion Results of this study indicated that the uric acid and vitamin C levels of atherosclerosis patients had significant increase and decrease in comparison with the healthy subjects, respectively. Mean TAC and antioxidant levels of their diets (except for vitamin C) showed no significant difference. Systolic blood pressure of the patients was significantly higher than the controls.

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