scholarly journals Clinical trials of endothelin antagonists in heart failure: publication is good for the public health

Heart ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
N F Kelland ◽  
D J Webb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Endothelin Antagonists ◽  
Good For

scholarly journals Research output and the public health burden of cancer: is there any relationship?

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Patafio ◽  
S.C. Brooks ◽  
X. Wei ◽  
Y. Peng ◽  
J. Biagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Burden

Purpose The relative distribution of research output across cancer sites is not well described. Here, we evaluate whether the volume of published research is proportional to the public health burden of individual cancers. We also explore whether research output is proportional to research funding.Methods Statistics from the Canadian and American cancer societies were used to identify the top ten causes of cancer death in 2013. All journal articles and clinical trials published in 2013 by Canadian or U.S. authors for those cancers were identified. Total research funding in Canada by cancer site was obtained from the Canadian Cancer Research Alliance. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe the relationship between research output, cancer mortality, and research funding.Results We identified 19,361 publications and 2661 clinical trials. The proportion of publications and clinical trials was substantially lower than the proportion of deaths for lung (41% deaths, 15% publications, 16% clinical trials), colorectal (14%, 7%, 6%), pancreatic (10%, 7%, 5%), and gastroesophageal (7%, 5%, 3%) cancers. Conversely, research output was substantially greater than the proportion of deaths for breast cancer (10% deaths, 29% publications, 30% clinical trials) and prostate cancer (8%, 15%, 17%). We observed a stronger correlation between research output and funding (publications r = 0.894, p < 0.001; clinical trials r = 0.923, p < 0.001) than between research output and cancer mortality (r = 0.363, p = 0.303; r = 0.340, p = 0.337).Conclusions Research output is not well correlated with the public health burden of individual cancers, but is correlated with the relative level of research funding.

Triage in a Public Health Crisis

2020 ◽  
pp. 272-288
Author(s):  
James F. Childress
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Egalitarian Principle ◽  
Good For

This chapter examines triage in a public health crisis resulting from a bioterrorist attack. Systems of triage, whether informal or formal, generally have an implicit or explicit utilitarian rationale—they are usually designed to produce the greatest good for the greatest number under conditions of scarcity. It is important to distinguish medical utility from social utility and, within the latter, between broad and narrow social utilitarian judgments. Judgments of broad social utility recognize the differential social value of people’s lives, whereas judgments of narrow social utility recognize the differential value of specific social functions and roles and assign priority to the individuals discharging certain functions and performing certain roles. Judgments of broad social utility infringe the egalitarian principle of equal regard in a way that judgments of medical utility do not. It is not justifiable to use broad social utility as a basis for rationing in general or in an emergency, but it is possible to justify triage based on medical utility and also on narrow social utility. Public trust will be essential in any public health crisis—hence, the public needs to have confidence that the procedures and standards of triage are fair and are fairly implemented.

scholarly journals E-cigarette manufacturers’ compliance with clinical trial reporting expectations: a case series of registered trials by Juul Labs

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056221
Author(s):  
Nicholas J DeVito ◽  
Henry Drysdale ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
Ben Goldacre
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Research Database ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Reporting Laws

BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a frequently debated topic in public health. It is essential that clinical trials examining e-cigarettes are fully and accurately reported, especially given long-standing concerns about tobacco industry research. We assess the reporting of clinical trials sponsored by Juul Labs, the largest e-cigarette company in the USA, against accepted reporting standards.MethodsWe searched ClinicalTrials.gov for all trials sponsored by Juul Labs and determined those with registry data consistent with coverage by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amendments Act 2007 (FDAAA). For trials with a primary completion date more than 1 year earlier, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov, the academic literature and a Juul-funded research database (JLI Science) for results. For located results, we compared reported outcomes with registered outcomes in line with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) reporting guidelines.ResultsWe located five registered trials sponsored by Juul Labs that appeared covered by the FDAAA 2007 in the public data. All five trials did not have results available on ClinicalTrials.gov. We found one publication and four poster presentations reporting results for four of the five covered trials outside of ClinicalTrials.gov. Of 61 specified outcomes, 28 were CONSORT compliant. Specific outcome reporting issues are detailed.DiscussionOur findings raise substantial concerns regarding these trials. Clinicians, public health professionals, and the public cannot make informed choices about the benefits or hazards of e-cigarettes if the results of clinical trials are not completely and transparently reported. Clarification and potential enforcement of reporting laws may be required.

scholarly journals PCV13 Vaccination of Adults against Pneumococcal Disease: What We Have Learned from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA)

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Christian Theilacker ◽  
Mark A. Fletcher ◽  
Luis Jodar ◽  
Bradford D. Gessner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Value ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
Full Body

The Community-Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA) evaluated older adult pneumococcal vaccination and was one of the largest vaccine clinical trials ever conducted. Among older adults aged ≥65 years, the trial established 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) efficacy in preventing first episodes of bacteremic and nonbacteremic pneumococcal vaccine serotype (VT) community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and of vaccine serotype invasive pneumococcal disease (VT-IPD). Since the publication of the original trial results, 15 additional publications have extended the analyses. In this review, we summarize and integrate the full body of evidence generated by these studies, contextualize the results in light of their public health relevance, and discuss their implications for the assessment of current and future adult pneumococcal vaccination. This accumulating evidence has helped to better understand PCV13 efficacy, serotype-specific efficacy, efficacy in subgroups, the interpretation of immunogenicity data, and the public health value of adult PCV vaccination.

scholarly journals DAMPAK KABUT ASAP PADA KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN TUAH KARYA KECAMATAN TAMPAN KOTA PEKANBARU PROVINSI RIAU

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rismadani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Village

The pollution has become a very serious problem at the present time. The problem of the haze forest firest that accur on 25 agustus 2015 in Riau can also lead air pollution in village Tuah Karya district Tampan city’s Pekanbaru occurance air pollution is also to disturb some sector such as : 1) Health society in the Kelurahan Tuah Karya district Tampan city’s Pekanbaru province. Of Riau at the haze classified as it is not good with the rate of achievement respondents of 76,07%, 2) Economic affairs society in the village Tuah Karya distrct Tampan city’s Pekanbaru Province of Riau to income per month an average of Rp 1.000.000 – Rp 1.500.000 with the rate of achievement 76,27% of respondents, 3) Enviroment society in the village Tuah Karya district Tampan city’s Pekanbaru Province of Riau as haze happened classified as it is not good where air quality that is not good for the people with the rate of achievement respondents 85,59% so, it can be taken the conclusion that the public health as haze influential on the condition of thepublic health, so many people who are sick like ISPA, coughing, allergies and irritation eyes. Not only health but smog also effect the social condition of the economi and environment residents where in come of a very plummeted an fall air quality also makes activities come disturbed.Key Word : Health, Economic and the Environment

scholarly journals The Public Health Burden of Cardiomyopathies: Insights from a Nationwide Inpatient Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Simon Lannou ◽  
Nicolas Mansencal ◽  
Cécile Couchoud ◽  
Mathilde Lassalle ◽  
Olivier Dubourg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Icd 10

Cardiomyopathies are responsible for heart failure and sudden cardiac death, but epidemiological data are scarce and the public health burden may be underestimated. We studied aggregating data from all public or private hospitals in France. Patients were categorized from relevant ICD-10 codes into dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, or other cardiomyopathies (DCM, HCM, RCM, or OCM, respectively). Between 2008 and 2015, a total of 326,461 distinct patients had cardiomyopathy-related hospitalizations. The hospital-based prevalence of cardiomyopathy was 809 per million inhabitants (PMI) per year, including 428 PMI for DCM, 101 PMI for HCM, 26 PMI for RCM, and 253 PMI for OCM. Patients with cardiomyopathies accounted for 51% of all heart transplants, 33% of defibrillator implantations, 38% of mechanical circulatory supports, and 11.3% of hospitalizations for heart failure. In patients less than 40 years of age, these figures were 71%, 51%, 63%, and 23%, respectively. Over 2008–2015 and considering all cardiomyopathies, there was a significant increase for heart transplant (average annual percentage change, AAPC: +3.86%, p = 0.0015) and for defibrillator implantation (AAPC: +6.98%, p < 0.0001), and a significant decrease of in-hospital mortality (AAPC: −4.7%, p = 0.0002). This nationwide study shows that cardiomyopathies constitute an important cause of hospitalization, with increasing invasive therapeutic procedures and decreasing mortality.

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