ID: 49: STUDY OF MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION OF CEFAZOLIN FOR METHICILLIN SENSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CORRELATION WITH OXACILLIN SUSCEPTIBILITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 954.2-954
Author(s):  
C Quarshie ◽  
J Koirala ◽  
V Sundareshan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
High Level

BackgroundCefazolin, a first generation cephalosporin, has been used for the treatment of Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections since the 1970s. There have now been reported cases of failed therapy with cefazolin. High-level β-lactamase producing strains of S. aureus can inactivate the susceptible β-lactam (cefazolin) at a rate high enough to overcome its antibacterial effect. These strains typically have a high Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for cefazolin when a large inoculum is used. About 20% of MSSA isolates have been shown to have a substantial inoculum effect suggesting that cefazolin treatment might be associated with clinical failure in serious MSSA infections. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for cefazolin is not provided on all standard sensitivity panels and susceptibility is extrapolated from the report on oxacillin. The goal of this study was to analyze the MIC of cefazolin for MSSA isolates to determine the correlation of cefazolin susceptibility and in vitro susceptibility of oxacillin. We also evaluated the MIC of alternative antibiotics as part of this study for use in patients that might be allergic to penicillin.MethodThirty two isolates of MSSA were randomly selected from repositories of isolates at Memorial Medical Center hospital's microbiology department from 2015. The isolates were from patients with a wide variety of diagnoses, including bacteremia, osteomyelitis and wound infections. S. aureus ATCC 29213 was used as controls. MICs were determined by a Kirby Bauer method for cefazolin and Epsilometer test for other antibiotics that were studied. Inocula were standardized using optical density measurements, with determinations of CFU/ml to determine the inoculum concentrations. IN addition to cefazolin, we obtained the MIC for daptomycin, oxacillin, ceftaroline and telavancin as well.ResultsOf the thirty two MSSA isolates tested, 100% were susceptible to cefazolin. The mean zone of inhibition (ZOI) was 29.18 with standard deviation of 3.67 for cefazolin (29–35 mm ZOI with ATCC strains of MSSA) . All the isolates were susceptible to Oxacillin with mean MIC of 0.7735 with standard deviation of 0.30. Daptomycin, ceftaroline and telavancin were 100% susceptible with mean MIC of 0.27, 0.25, and 0.07, respectively. All isolates were studied for the alternate antibiotics and no resistance was noted.ConclusionThe MIC of cefazolin for MSSA determined by in vitro susceptibility to oxacillin was entirely in the susceptible range with 100% correlation. Daptomycin, ceftaroline and telavancin are suitable alternative antibiotics for treatment of patients with infections due to MSSA in whom anti-staphylococcal penicillins cannot be used due to penicillin allergic, intolerance, and/or non-availability since there is not much resistance to these antibiotics in MSSA.

Activity of Nadifloxacin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Skin Infections: Comparative Study with Seven other Fluoroquinolones

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nishijima ◽  
M Nakagawa ◽  
N Tsuboi ◽  
H Akamatsu ◽  
T Horio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The in vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) to nadifloxacin and seven other fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin) was evaluated. The MRSA isolates were isolated from 114 skin infections between 1991 and 1994. Nadifloxacin exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and there were no MRSA isolates resistant to nadifloxacin, while there were some resistant to all of the other seven fluoroquinolones. The minimum concentrations of these drugs needed to cause 50% inhibition of the isolates increased dramatically from 1991 to 1992, but has hardly changed since 1992.

In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bashir ◽  
I Yusuf ◽  
AS Kutama
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

scholarly journals IN VITRO AND IN SILICO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 1.5-BIS (3’-ETHOXY-4’-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1-4-PENTADIENE-3-ONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Agus Purwanggana ◽  
Esti Mumpuni ◽  
Esti Mulatsari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Study

Objective: The main objective of this research were screened in vitro and in silico of 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one as potential antibacterial agents.Methods: The in vitro antibacterial study was carried against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram positive) and Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi (gram negative) using broth dilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), disc diffusion method to determine the diameter of inhibition zone. In silico antibacterial study was carried using computational software Protein-Ligand ANT System (PLANTS), computational docking was carried using receptor with Protein Data Bank (PDB) file 3MZD. The structures were optimized prior docking using YASARA, and MarvinSketch. The results of antibacterial testing were compared to two positive control drugs i. e amoxicillin and cefadroxil.Results: In vitro evaluation showed that 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one has a better antibacterial activity than amoxicillin and cefadroxil with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.15 ppm and diameter of inhibition zone of 11.27±0.31, 11.35±0.39, 11.25±0.33, and 11.05±0.45 mm in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella thypi, respectively. These results in line with in silico evaluation that showed 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one has more negative docking score than amoxicillin, cefadroxil, and cloxacillin acyl as a native ligand on the 3MZD receptor.Conclusion: This results obtained in this research work were 1,5-bis (3'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one compound potential as an antibacterial agent. 

scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oil and extracts of Tagetes patula on Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-367
Author(s):  
Virginia Monserrate López Zambrano ◽  
Alex Alberto Dueñas Rivadeneira ◽  
José Gerardo Cuenca Nevárez ◽  
Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Tagetes Patula

Tagetes patula is an ornamental plant species and its essential oils contain potentially allelopathic active ingredients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of extracts, the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of flowering leaves of the species, on Staphylococcus aureus. For this, the extraction of the essential oil by hydrodistillation was carried out, evaluating the physical characteristics (solubility, density and refractive index) and phytochemical characteristics of the extracts through a phytochemical screening (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and reducing sugars). The quantificatics of phenols in the essential oil was performed by the Folin Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant activity using the DPPH and ABTS tests, the antimicrobial activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. The results obtained showed for the essential oil, a density of 0,733 g.mL-1, refractive index of 1,47 and insolubility in ethanol (70 %), presence of tannins, flavonoids and phenols in the extracts. The phenolic content was 1.024 ± 0,19 mg.g-1 TAE, the antioxidant activity with DPPH was 87,6 ± 0,18 µmol.g-1TE and with ABTS 180,83 ± 0,36 µmol.g-1 TE in Trolox equivalent. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 16,67 mm against S. aureus, in response to which it is concluded that the essential oil of T. patula had antioxidant activity against radicals DPPH and ABTS, high phenolic contents and showed antibacterial activity in vitro tests against S. aureus.

scholarly journals Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum Ekstrak Daun Sawo (Achras Zapota L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus Secara In Vitro

BioScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Novia Yunika
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Study Results ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Negative Controls

Sapodilla (Achras zapota L.) is a plant commonly found on the island of Java, West Sumatra and West Nusa Tenggara. Sapodilla plant contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins. In leaf the dominant are flavonoids. The content of flavonoids in the plant tissue may act as an antioxidant and antibacterial. As an alternative natural antibacterial, sapodilla leaves should also be tested minimum inhibitory concentration effective to inhibit the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration sapodilla leaf extract (Achras zapota L.) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The research was conducted from January to February 2015 in the Laboratory of Microbiology  UNP. Research method is descriptive by observing turbidity levels at each test tube as well as comparison increment Optical Density (OD) before incubation and after incubation of zeroes. Sapodilla leaf extract concentration ranging from 10% - 50%, amoxilin as a positive control, and negative controls (without extract). Study results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of Sapodilla leaf extract on the growthbacteria present in a concentration of 50%. Keywords : Sapodilla leaf extract , Minimun Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals Potensi Minyak Atsiri Cananga odorata dan Cymbopogon citratus Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Candida albicans ATCC 10231 Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Kadek Wegi Kurnilia ◽  
Sang Ketut Sudirga ◽  
Yan Ramona
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Mic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Tanaman Cananga odorata dan Cymbopogon citratus merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang memiliki khasiat antimikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi minyak atsiri kedua jenis tanaman tersebut dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. Nilai MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) minyak atsiri C.odorata dan C.citratus dengan perbandingan 1:1 terhadap S.aureus dan C.albicans juga ditentukan dalam penelitian ini. Bioassay dilakukan pada medium Nutrient Agar (NA) atau Potato Dextriose Agar (PDA) yang ditambahkan dengan minyak atsiri kedua tanaman dengan perbandingan konsentrasi yang bervariasi. Medium yang ditambahkan aquades steril berperan sebagai kontrol. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan bantuan software SPSS For Windows versi 22. Bila diperoleh hasil yang berbeda nyata pada p<0.05, maka analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan pada penelitian ini mengeliminasi bakteri S.aureus. Sementara itu, C.albicans tidak terhambat pertumbuhannya oleh perlakuan 100% minyak atsiri bunga C.odorata. Eliminasi kamir ini terjadi ketika minyak atsiri bunga kenanga dikombinasi dengan minyak atsiri daun serai dapur. Jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol, semua perlakuan minyak atsiri dengan perbandingan yang bervariasi menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (p<0.05). Nilai MIC campuran minyak atsiri dengan perbandingan 1:1 pada S.aureus  (MRSA) dan C.albicans  (SC5314) berturut-turut adalah 0,1% dan 2,6%.   Kata-kata kunci: minyak atsiri, Cananga odorata, Cymbopogon citratus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans

scholarly journals The In Vitro Susceptibility of Biofilm Forming Medical Device Related Pathogens to Conventional Antibiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry Laverty ◽  
Mahmoud Y. Alkawareek ◽  
Brendan F. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and kill kinetics were established for vancomycin, rifampicin, trimethoprim, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin against the biofilm forming bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 43300), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), and Escherichia coli (NCTC 8196). MICs and MBCs were determined via broth microdilution in 96-well plates. MBECs were studied using the Calgary Biofilm Device. Values obtained were used to investigate the kill kinetics of conventional antimicrobials against a range of planktonic and biofilm microorganisms over a period of 24 hours. Planktonic kill kinetics were determined at 4xMIC and biofilm kill kinetics at relative MBECs. Susceptibility of microorganisms varied depending on antibiotic selected and phenotypic form of bacteria. Gram-positive planktonic isolates were extremely susceptible to vancomycin (highest MBC: 7.81 mg L−1: methicillin sensitive and resistant S. aureus) but no MBEC value was obtained against all biofilm pathogens tested (up to 1000 mg L−1). Both gentamicin and ciprofloxacin displayed the broadest spectrum of activity with MIC and MBCs in the mg L−1 range against all planktonic isolates tested and MBEC values obtained against all but S. epidermidis (ATCC 35984) and MRSA (ATCC 43300).

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