Association between fine particulate matter and oral cancer among Taiwanese men

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and oral cancer among Taiwanese men. Four linked data sources including the Taiwan Cancer Registry, Adult Preventive Medical Services Database, National Health Insurance Research Database, and Air Quality Monitoring Database were used. Concentrations of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, NOx (nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide), coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) and PM2.5 in 2009 were assessed in quartiles. A total of 482 659 men aged 40 years and above were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between PM2.5 and oral cancer diagnosed from 2012 to 2013. After adjusting for potential confounders, the ORs of oral cancer were 0.91 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.11) for 26.74≤PM2.5<32.37, 1.01 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.20) for 32.37≤PM2.5<40.37 µg/m3 and 1.43 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.74) for PM2.5≥40.37 µg/m3 compared with PM2.5<26.74 µg/m3. In this study, there was an increased risk of oral cancer among Taiwanese men who were exposed to higher concentrations of PM2.5.

Download Full-text

Analisis Risiko Pajanan PM2,5 di Udara Ambien Siang Hari terhadap Masyarakat di Kawasan Industri Semen

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v7i4.52 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Randy Novirsa ◽

Umar Fahmi Achmadi

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Environmental Health Risk ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Industry Risk

Salah satu dampak negatif industri pabrik semen terhadap kesehatan masyarakat adalah peningkatan risiko penyakit saluran pernapasan. Risiko tersebut banyak disebabkan oleh pajanan partikulat di udara, khususnya partikulat berukuran di bawah 2,5 mikron (PM2,5). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis risiko pajanan PM2,5 di udara ambien siang hari pada masyarakat di kawasan industri semen. Risiko dihitung dengan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan berdasarkan metode Louvar yang menghasilkan nilai Intake pajanan yang diterima individu per hari berdasarkan nilai konsentrasi pajanan, pola aktivitas individu, dan nilai antropometri. Konsentrasi PM2,5 di lingkungan diukur pada 10 titik dengan radius 500 meter antartitik dari pusat pabrik, sedangkan pola aktivitas dan nilai antropometri diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner pada 92 responden dewasa di kawasan pabrik. Hasil perhitungan risiko yang diterima seumur hidup (lifetime) menunjukkan terdapat tiga area berisiko dengan nilai RQ > 1, yaitu Ring 2 (500 – 1.000 m), Ring 4 (1.500 – 2.000 m), dan Ring 5 (2.000 – 2.500 m). Daerah paling aman yang dapat dihuni oleh masyarakat di kawasan industri semen adalah di atas 2,5 km dari pusat industri dengan konsentrasi paling aman 0,028 mg/m3.Kata kunci: Industri semen, infeksi saluran pernapasan, partikulat PM2,5AbstractOne of the negative impacts of cement industry to public health is an increased risk of respiratory disease. These risks are caused by exposure to particulate matter in air, especially fine particulate matter which is smaller than 2,5 microns (PM2,5). This study aimed to analyze the risks of PM2,5 exposure in ambien air at noon on people around cement industry. Risk was calculated using Environmental Health Risk Analysis Method that generates value of individual exposure intake received per day. This value was generated based on the concentration of exposure, individual activity patterns, and anthropometric values. PM2,5 concentrations in the environment was measured at 10 points (Ring) from the center of plant with radius of 500 meters each point. The activity patterns and anthropometric values were measured using questionnaire to 92 adult respondents around the factory. The calculation of lifetime risk showed that there are three risked area: Ring 2 (500 – 1.000 m), Ring 4 (1.500 – 2.000 m), and Ring 5 (2.000 – 2.500 m). The safest area was over 2,5 kilometers from the center of the industry with the safest concentration was 0,028 mg/m3.Keywords: Cement industry, respiratory disease, particulate PM2,5

Download Full-text

Associarions Between Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-93982/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chen-Hao Mai ◽

Yen-Ju Shih ◽

Cheng-Li Lin ◽

Lei Wan ◽

Chang-Ching Wei

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Research Database ◽

Childhood Onset ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract Background:Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to induction of oxidative stress as well as pulmonary and systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that ambient PM2.5 variation would be associated with the occurrence of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Methods:We collected data from the Taiwan National health insurance research database and linked these data to the Taiwan Air Quality-Monitoring Database. Children <18 years old, identified from January 1, 2000 were followed up until the first diagnosis of cSLE was made or until December 31, 2012. The daily average PM2.5 was categorized into four quartile-based groups (Q1-Q4). We measured the incidence rate, hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals for cSLE stratified by the quartiles of PM2.5 concentration using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, monthly income, and urbanization. Results:A total of 394 children (0.16%) were newly diagnosed with cSLE during the observation period. The incidence rate for cSLE increased with PM2.5 levels, from 4.7 (Q1) to 21.9 (Q4) per 100,000 person-years. Compared with those exposed to the concentrations in the Q1 level, the adjusted HR from Q2 to Q4 for cSLE increased with PM2.5 exposure concentrations from 2.74 to 4.23. Conclusions:The present study provides evidence that long-term variations in PM2.5 levels are risk factors for the development of cSLE.

Download Full-text

Predicting Lung Cancer in the United States: A Multiple Model Examination of Public Health Factors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6127

Author(s):

Arnold Kamis ◽

Rui Cao ◽

Yifan He ◽

Yuan Tian ◽

Chuyue Wu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Tropospheric Ozone ◽

Quality Index ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

The United States ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Coarse Particulate Matter ◽

Variance Explained

In this research, we take a multivariate, multi-method approach to predicting the incidence of lung cancer in the United States. We obtain public health and ambient emission data from multiple sources in 2000–2013 to model lung cancer in the period 2013–2017. We compare several models using four sources of predictor variables: adult smoking, state, environmental quality index, and ambient emissions. The environmental quality index variables pertain to macro-level domains: air, land, water, socio-demographic, and built environment. The ambient emissions consist of Cyanide compounds, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Disulfide, Diesel Exhaust, Nitrogen Dioxide, Tropospheric Ozone, Coarse Particulate Matter, Fine Particulate Matter, and Sulfur Dioxide. We compare various models and find that the best regression model has variance explained of 62 percent whereas the best machine learning model has 64 percent variance explained with 10% less error. The most hazardous ambient emissions are Coarse Particulate Matter, Fine Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, and Tropospheric Ozone. These ambient emissions could be curtailed to improve air quality, thus reducing the incidence of lung cancer. We interpret and discuss the implications of the model results, including the tradeoff between transparency and accuracy. We also review limitations of and directions for the current models in order to extend and refine them.

Download Full-text

Community composition and seasonal changes of archaea in coarse and fine air particulate matter

10.5194/bg-2017-514 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jörn Wehking ◽

Daniel A. Pickersgill ◽

Robert M. Bowers ◽

David Teschner ◽

Ulrich Pöschl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Community Composition ◽

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Related Family ◽

Air Particulate ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Coarse Particulate Matter

Abstract. Archaea are ubiquitous in terrestrial and marine environments and play an important role in biogeochemical cycles. Although air acts as the primary medium for their dispersal among different habitats, their diversity and abundance is not well characterized. The main reasons for this lack of insight is that archaea are difficult to culture, seem to be low in number in the atmosphere, and have so far been difficult to detect even with molecular genetic approaches. However, to better understand the transport, residence time, and living conditions of microorganisms in the atmosphere as well as their effects on the atmosphere and vice versa, it is essential to study all groups of bioaerosols. Here we present an in-depth analysis of airborne archaea based on Illumina sequencing of 16S-rRNA from atmospheric coarse and fine particulate matter samples and show seasonal dynamics and discuss anthropogenic influences on the diversity, composition, and abundance of airborne archaea. The relative proportions of archaea to bacteria, the differences of the community composition in fine and coarse particulate matter, as well as the high abundance in coarse matter of one typical soil related family, the Nitrososphaeraceae, points to local phyllosphere and soil habitats as primary emission sources of airborne archaea. We found comparable seasonal dynamics for the dominating Euryarchaeota classes and Crenarchaeota orders peaking in summer and fall. In contrast, the omnipresent Cenarchaeales and the Thermoplasmata occur only throughout summer and fall. We also gained novel insights into archaeal compositon in fine particulate matter (

Download Full-text

Abstract TP211: Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and the Risk of Stroke in the REGARDS Cohort

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.atp211 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Leslie A McClure ◽

Matthew S Loop ◽

William L Crosson ◽

Dawn O Kleindorfer ◽

Brett M Kissela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Region Of Residence ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Recent work has suggested that there is some association between acute exposures to fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) and ischemic stroke; however, the evidence is conflicting. Thus, we assessed whether PM2.5 was associated with ischemic stroke in participants in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Methods: We used a time-stratified case-crossover design to determine if exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. We fit conditional logistic regression models to determine the odds ratio of ischemic stroke for those exposed to moderate (PM2.5 15-40 μg/m3) relative to good (PM2.5 ≤ 15 μg/m3) levels of PM2.5. We adjusted for temperature at the time of exposure, and assessed whether the association differed by region of residence (stroke belt vs. non-belt regions). Results: Among 442 participants who experienced an incident ischemic stroke in REGARDS, we found that there was no association with PM2.5 exposure (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.69-1.15), and that there was no impact of region of residence on these results (p for interaction=0.14). Conclusions: We did not confirm earlier research indicating that there is an acute association between PM2.5 and ischemic stroke. More research is needed to understand these conflicting results, and to assess the impact of longer term exposures of PM2.5 on stroke incidence.

Download Full-text

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) personal exposure evaluation on mechanics and administrative officers at the motor vehicle testing center at Pulo Gadung, DKI Jakarta

Reviews on Environmental Health ◽

10.1515/reveh-2015-0057 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zuly Prima Rizky ◽

Patricia Bebby Yolla ◽

Doni Hikmat Ramdhan

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Personal Exposure ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Testing Center ◽

Particulate Matter 2.5 ◽

Exposure Evaluation ◽

Vehicle Testing

AbstractExposure to fine particulate matter (PM

Download Full-text

Long term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and incidence of stroke: prospective cohort study from the China-PAR project

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.l6720 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. l6720 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Keyong Huang ◽

Fengchao Liang ◽

Xueli Yang ◽

Fangchao Liu ◽

Jianxin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo study the effect of long term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter of diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) on the incidence of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke among Chinese adults.DesignPopulation based prospective cohort study.SettingPrediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project carried out in 15 provinces across China.Participants117 575 Chinese men and women without stroke at baseline in the China-PAR project.Main outcome measuresIncidence of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke.ResultsThe long term average PM2.5 level from 2000 to 2015 at participants’ residential addresses was 64.9 μg/m3, ranging from 31.2 μg/m3 to 97.0 μg/m3. During 900 214 person years of follow-up, 3540 cases of incident stroke were identified, of which 63.0% (n=2230) were ischemic and 27.5% (n=973) were hemorrhagic. Compared with the first quarter of exposure to PM2.5 (<54.5 μg/m3), participants in the highest quarter (>78.2 μg/m3) had an increased risk of incident stroke (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.34 to 1.74), ischemic stroke (1.82, 1.55 to 2.14), and hemorrhagic stroke (1.50, 1.16 to 1.93). For each increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration, the increased risks of incident stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke were 13% (1.13, 1.09 to 1.17), 20% (1.20, 1.15 to 1.25), and 12% (1.12, 1.05 to 1.20), respectively. Almost linear exposure-response relations between long term exposure to PM2.5 and incident stroke, overall and by its subtypes, were observed.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence from China that long term exposure to ambient PM2.5 at relatively high concentrations is positively associated with incident stroke and its major subtypes. These findings are meaningful for both environmental and health policy development related to air pollution and stroke prevention, not only in China, but also in other low and middle income countries.

Download Full-text

Putting Fine Particulate Matter and Dementia in the Wider Context of Noncommunicable Disease: Where are We Now and What Should We Do Next: A Systematic Review

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000515394 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Ruth Peters ◽

Ian Mudway ◽

Andrew Booth ◽

Jean Peters ◽

Kaarin J. Anstey

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

World Health ◽

Epidemiological Evidence ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: A significant proportion of the global population regularly experience air quality poorer than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is a risk factor for various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and is emerging as a risk factor for dementia. To begin to understand the full impact of PM2.5, we review the longitudinal epidemiological evidence linking PM2.5 to both dementia and to other leading NCDs and highlight the evidence gaps. Our objective was to systematically review the current epidemiological evidence for PM2.5 as a risk factor for cognitive decline and incident dementia and to put this in context with a systematic overview of PM2.5 as a potential risk factor in other leading NCDs. Methods: We performed 2 systematic reviews. A high-level review of reviews examining the relationship between PM2.5 and leading NCDs and an in-depth review of the longitudinal epidemiological data examining relationships between PM2.5 incident dementia and cognitive decline. Results: There were robust associations between PM2.5 and NCDs although in some cases the evidence was concentrated on short rather than longer term exposure. For those articles reporting on incident dementia, all reported on longer term exposure and 5 of the 7 eligible articles found PM2.5 to be associated with increased risk. Conclusion: The evidence base for PM2.5 as a risk factor for dementia is growing. It is not yet as strong as that for other NCDs. However, varied measurement/methodology hampers clarity across the field. We propose next steps.

Download Full-text

Ambient Air Pollution and Mortality among Older Patients Initiating Maintenance Dialysis

American Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1159/000514233 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Yijing Feng ◽

Miranda R. Jones ◽

Nadia M. Chu ◽

Dorry L. Segev ◽

Mara McAdams-DeMarco

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Older Patients ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Fine particulate matter (particulate matter with diameter <2.5 µm [PM2.5]) is associated with CKD progression and may impact the health of patients living with kidney failure. While older (aged ≥65 years) adults are most vulnerable to the impact of PM2.5, it is unclear whether older patients on dialysis are at elevated risk of mortality when exposed to fine particulate matter. Methods: Older adults initiating dialysis (2010–2016) were identified from US Renal Data System (USRDS). PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from NASA’s Socioeconomic Data and Application Center (SEDAC) Global Annual PM2.5 Grids. We investigated the association between PM2.5 and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazard models with linear splines [knot at the current Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM2.5 of 12 μg/m3] and robust variance. Results: For older dialysis patients who resided in areas with high PM2.5, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with 1.16-fold (95% CI: 1.08–1.25) increased risk of mortality; furthermore, those who were female (aHR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.13–1.42), Black (aHR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09–1.59), or had diabetes as a primary cause of kidney failure (aHR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13–1.38) were most vulnerable to high PM2.5. While the mortality risk associated with PM2.5 was stronger at higher levels (aHR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08–1.32), at lower levels (≤12 μg/m3), PM2.5 was significantly associated with mortality risk (aHR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07) among patients aged ≥75 years (Pslope difference = 0.006). Conclusions: Older adults initiating dialysis who resided in ZIP codes with PM2.5 levels >12 μg/m3 are at increased risk of mortality. Those aged >75 were at elevated risk even at levels below the EPA Standard for PM2.5.

Download Full-text

Air Pollution, Stock Return, and Volatility: Evidence from Korean Stock Markets

Korean Journal of Financial Studies ◽

10.26845/kjfs.2020.06.49.3.375 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 375-413

Author(s):

Taekyung Kim ◽

Shiyong Yoo

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Stock Return ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Daily Exposure ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Coarse Particulate Matter ◽

Trading Ratio

This study analyzes the direct and indirect effects of air pollution on the return and volatility of the KOSPI index through the trading ratio by investor type. The main results are as follows. First, air pollutants have a direct effect on volatility; coarse particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have a negative effect on volatility. Second, air pollutants have a significant effect on the trading ratio by investor type; as the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases, the trading ratio of institutionals and those of foreigners decrease. Third, the effect of cumulative exposure of air pollutants on stock return and volatility is greater than that of daily exposure. Although there is no effect on daily exposure to air pollution, stock return decreases during cumulative exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). The volatility changes significantly with cumulative exposure compared to daily exposure to coarse particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Fourth, air pollutants have an indirect effect on stock return and volatility through trading ratio by institutional and foreign investors. In particular, the effect of air pollution through the foreign investors’ trading ratio is a remarkable result revealed in this study.

Download Full-text