Factors associated with academic rank among chronic pain medicine faculty, beyond the individual

Abstract Objective We quantified the representation of female program directors (PDs) and assessed their respective demographics, academic metrics, and program-related characteristics in chronic pain and acute pain medicine fellowship programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Methods We identified chronic and acute pain PDs on the ACGME website on November 15, 2020. We abstracted data from public databases and performed comparisons of demographics, academic metrics, and program-related characteristics between female and male PDs. Results We identified 111 chronic pain programs and 35 acute pain programs. Overall, there were 35 (31.5%) chronic pain programs with a female PD and 76 (68.5%) chronic pain programs with a male PD. Female chronic pain PDs published fewer peer-reviewed articles (4.0 publications, interquartile range [IQR] = 2.0–12.0) compared with male chronic pain PDs (9.0 publications, IQR = 4.0–27.0; P = 0.050), although there was no difference in the H-index score (3.0 vs 4.0 publications, respectively; P = 0.062) or senior academic rank status (57.1% vs 50.0%, respectively; P = 0.543). There were 10 (28.6%) acute pain programs with a female PD and 25 (71.4%) acute pain programs with a male PD. Similar to the chronic pain cohort, there was no difference in senior academic rank status based on gender in acute pain PDs (50.0% vs 24.0%, respectively; P = 0.227). Conclusion Our study highlights gender differences in the PD role in ACGME-accredited chronic and acute pain fellowships. Female PDs remain underrepresented and have fewer peer-reviewed publications. Senior academic rank status was similar across genders, contradicting the current evidence in academic medicine.

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Factors associated with academic rank among chronic pain medicine faculty in the USA

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ◽

10.1136/rapm-2019-101139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 589-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mariam Salisu Orhurhu ◽

Vwaire Orhurhu ◽

Bisola Salisu ◽

Adeniyi Abimbola ◽

Steven P Cohen

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Medical School ◽

Academic Rank ◽

Western Region ◽

Pain Medicine ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

H Index ◽

The Usa ◽

Fellowship Programs ◽

The Western Region

BackgroundNumerous factors are considered in the academic promotion of pain medicine physicians. In this study, we investigated the importance of research productivity, career duration, leadership, and gender on attaining professorship in chronic pain medicine fellowship programs in the USA.MethodsWe identified 98 pain fellowship programs in the American Medical Association Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database. Faculty demographics and institutional characteristics were obtained from institutional websites, and h-index (number of publications (h) cited at least h times) and m-index (h-index divided by research career duration) were calculated from Scopus. A nested mixed effect hierarchical modeling was used to determine factors that were associated with attaining professorship.ResultsA total of 696 chronic pain medicine faculty members from 98 academic pain fellowship programs were identified, of whom 74.7% were males. For the 15.5% who were full professors, the median h-index was 16.5 (6.0 to 30.0), the median career duration was 20.5 (16.0 to 27.0) years, and the median m-index was 0.7 (0.3 to 1.3). In an adjusted analysis, the top quartile (compared with bottom) h-index (OR 6.27; 95% CI: 2.11 to 18.59), publication citations (OR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.21), division chief position (OR 3.72; 95% CI: 1.62 to 8.50), institutions located in the western region (OR 3.81; 95% CI: 1.52 to 9.57), and graduating from a foreign medical school (OR 1.98; 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.92) were independently associated with attaining professorship (p<0.05), but gender was not (p=0.71).ConclusionsOur study shows that, higher h-index, publication citations, division chief position, affiliation at a lower tier medical school, and location in the Western region were independently associated with full professorship, whereas gender was not. The identified variables for professorship may be considered as factors in faculty promotions.

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The Family Context of the Individual with Chronic Pain

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e410232005-017 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

Robert D. Kerns ◽

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Family Context ◽

The Family ◽

The Individual

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Navigating the health care system: perceptions of patients with chronic pain

Chronic Diseases in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.29.4.03 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 162-168

Author(s):

AL Dewar ◽

K Gregg ◽

MI White ◽

J Lander

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Health Care System ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

The Individual ◽

Care System

A new framework is needed for patients with chronic pain and their primary care physicians that acknowledges the individual’s experiences and provides evidence-informed education and better linkages to community-based resources. This study describes the experience of 19 chronic-pain sufferers who seek relief via the health care system. Their experiences were recorded through in-depth semistructured interviews and analyzed through qualitative methods. The participants reported early optimism, then disillusionment, and finally acceptance of living with chronic pain. Both individuals with chronic pain and their health care professionals need evidence-informed resources and information on best practices to assist them to manage pain. Empathetic communication between health care professionals and individuals with chronic pain is crucial because insensitive communication negatively affects the individual, reduces treatment compliance and increases health care utilization.

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Factors associated with physician consultation and medication use in children and adolescents with chronic pain: A scoping review and original data

European Journal of Pain ◽

10.1002/ejp.1661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 88-106

Author(s):

Anna Könning ◽

Nicola Rosenthal ◽

Michelle Friese ◽

Gerrit Hirschfeld ◽

Donnamay Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Medication Use ◽

Original Data ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Physician Consultation

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Understanding Food Waste, Food Insecurity, and the Gap between the Two: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 681

Author(s):

Nora A. Althumiri ◽

Mada H. Basyouni ◽

Ali F. Duhaim ◽

Norah AlMousa ◽

Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Food Waste ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Level ◽

Individual Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Household Factors ◽

Cooked Food ◽

The Individual

Background: Food waste and food insecurity may co-exist in various balances in developing and developed countries. This study aimed to explore the levels of food waste and food insecurity, the factors associated with them, and their relationships at the household and individual levels in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews in January 2021. Quota sampling was utilized to generate balanced distributions of participants by gender across all the administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. Data collection included household demographics, food waste and disposal, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Results: Out of the 2807 potential participants contacted, 2454 (87.4%) completed the interview. The mean age was 31.4 (SD = 11.7; range = 18–99) and 50.1% were female. The weighted prevalence of uncooked food waste in the last four weeks was 63.6% and the cooked food waste was 74.4%. However, the food insecurity weighted prevalence at the individual level (FIES) was 6.8%. In terms of food insecurity at the household level (HFIAS), 13.3% were in the “severely food insecure” category. Moreover, this study found that “moderately food insecure” households were associated with an increased likelihood to waste uncooked food (relative risk (RR) = 1.25), and the “mildly food insecure” (RR = 1.21) and “moderately food insecure” (RR = 1.17) households were associated with an increased likelihood to waste cooked food. However, “food secure” households were associated with a decreased likelihood to waste cooked food (RR = 0.56). Finally, this study identified four household factors associated with food waste and three household factors that were associated with “severe food insecurity.” Conclusions: This first national coverage study to explore food waste and food insecurity at the individual level and household level, identified household factors associated with food waste and food insecurity and identified new associations between food waste and food insecurity in Saudi Arabia. The associations found between food waste and food insecurity are potential areas of intervention to reduce both food waste and food insecurity at the same time, toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to food waste and food security.

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Factors Associated with Parent–Adolescent Attachment Relationship Quality: A Longitudinal Study

Adolescents ◽

10.3390/adolescents1020013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 159-174

Author(s):

Danyka Therriault ◽

Jean-Pascal Lemelin ◽

Jean Toupin ◽

Michèle Déry

Keyword(s):

Behavior Problems ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Psychosocial Adaptation ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Attachment Relationship ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Adolescent Attachment ◽

History Of ◽

The Individual

Background: Attachment to parents during adolescence has been identified as an important indicator of psychosocial adaptation. However, the relative importance of the adolescents’ behavior problems and the larger relational context likely to influence the quality of these relationships remains relatively underexplored. The present study aims to identify the factors associated with the quality of parent–adolescent attachment relationships and to establish their relative contributions. This study also tested, as a complementary objective, the invariance of the models according to sex. Method: 706 (46.9% girls) early adolescents participated in the study at time 1 and then again, two years later. The individual (e.g., behavior problems or temperament) and contextual (e.g., parents’ behaviors, history of abuse or environment stability) associated factors were measured at time 1, while the quality of the parent–adolescent attachment relationship was measured at time 2. Results: The results showed that a history of emotional abuse, inconsistent discipline, externalized behavior problems and the adolescent’s age were negatively associated with the global attachment security score, while internalized behavior problems and peer attachment were positively associated. These variables explained 15.7% of variance. The results also demonstrated that these variables were also associated with the specific dimensions of attachment (trust, communication, alienation). Discussion: The study demonstrates the importance of several relational variables in the development of the parent–adolescent attachment relationship.

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Less than one-fifth of the mothers practised exclusive breastfeeding in the emerging regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10071-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsegaye Gebremedhin ◽

Demiss Mulatu Geberu ◽

Asmamaw Atnafu

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Community Level ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Individual Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

The Individual ◽

Low Coverage

Abstract Background The burden of low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a significant impact on the health of a newborn and also on the family and social economy in the long term. Even though the prevalence of EBF practices in Ethiopia is low, the practices in the pastoral communities, in particular, are significantly low and affected by individual and community-level factors. Besides, its adverse outcomes are mostly unrecognised. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the individual and community-level factors of low coverage of EBF practices in the emerging regions of Ethiopia. Methods In this analysis, data from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) were used. A two-stage stratified sampling technique was used to identify 1406 children aged 0 to 23 months in the emerging regions of Ethiopia. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the individual and community level factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices. In the final model, variables with a p-value of < 0.05 and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were found to be statistically significant factors that affect exclusive breastfeeding practices. Results Overall, 17.6% (95% CI: 15.6–19.6) of the children aged 0 to 23 months have received exclusive breastfeeding. Employed mothers (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.21–0.53), richer household wealth status (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16–0.96), mothers undecided to have more children (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.21–4.29), a child with a history of diarrhoea (AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16–0.61) were the individual-level factors, whereas Benishangul region (AOR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.44–4.82) was the community-level factors associated with the exclusive breastfeeding practices. Conclusions Less than one-fifth of the mothers have practised exclusive breastfeeding in the emerging regions of Ethiopia. The individual-level factors such as mother’s employment status, household wealth status, desire for more children, presence of diarrhoea and community-level factors such as region have contributed to the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, the federal and regional health bureaus and other implementers should emphasise to those emerging regions by creating awareness and strengthening the existing community-based health extension program to enhance exclusive breastfeeding practices.

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ICT Based Screening Tools and Etiology of Dyscalculia

International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) ◽

10.3991/ijep.v5i3.4735 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Athanasios Drigas ◽

Marios Pappas

Keyword(s):

Specific Learning Disability ◽

Cognitive Disorder ◽

Mathematical Achievement ◽

Screening Tools ◽

World Population ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past ◽

The Individual ◽

Computerized Screening ◽

Specific Learning

Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) is a specific learning disability of childhood, which is mainly related to problems in arithmetic skills and numerosity. It is estimated that the prevalence of dyscalculia range between 3 and 6 % of the world population. DD is a cognitive disorder, observed during the development of the individual. Mathematical achievement of children with DD fall far short of their mental capacity. In this study we present an approach to genetic, neurological and environmental factors associated with DD, as well as the computerized screening tools that have been developed and used so far, according to the literature review of the past two decades.

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