Revealing the complexity of quitting smoking: a qualitative grounded theory study of the natural history of quitting in Australian ex-smokers

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Smith ◽  
Stacy M Carter ◽  
Sally M Dunlop ◽  
Becky Freeman ◽  
Simon Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Grounded Theory Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

ObjectiveTo explore the quitting histories of Australian ex-smokers in order to develop an understanding of the varied contribution of smoking cessation assistance (either pharmacotherapy or professionally mediated behavioural support) to the process of quitting.DesignQualitative grounded theory study; in-depth interviews.Participants37 Australian adult ex-smokers (24–68 years; 15 men, 22 women) who quit in the past 6–24 months.ResultsAlthough participants’ individual quitting histories and their overall experiences of quitting were unique, when the 37 quitting histories were compared it was clear two experiences were common to almost all participants: almost no one quit at their first quit attempt and almost everyone started out quitting unassisted. Furthermore, distinct patterns existed in the timing and use of assistance, in particular the age at which assistance was first used, how some participants were resolutely uninterested in assistance, and how assistance might have contributed to the process of successful quitting even if not used on the final quit attempt. Importantly, three patterns in use of assistance were identified: (1) only ever tried to quit unassisted (n=13); (2) started unassisted, tried assistance but reverted back to unassisted (n=13); (3) started unassisted, tried assistance and quit with assistance (n=11). For most participants, insight into what quitting would require was only gained through prior quitting experiences with and without assistance. For a number of participants, interest in assistance was at its lowest when the participant was most ready to quit.ConclusionQuitting should be viewed as a process drawing on elements of assisted and unassisted quitting rather than a stand-alone event that can be labelled as strictly assisted or unassisted.

scholarly journals Quitting smoking does not increase the risk of major depressive episodes among users of Internet smoking cessation interventions

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Torres ◽  
A. Z. Barrera ◽  
K. Delucchi ◽  
C. Penilla ◽  
E. J. Pérez-Stable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depression History ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundLimited evidence has suggested that quitting smoking increases the incidence of major depressive episodes (MDEs), particularly for smokers with a history of depression. Further evidence for this increase would have important implications for guiding smoking cessation.MethodSpanish- and English-speaking smokers without a current MDE (n=3056) from an international, online smoking cessation trial were assessed for abstinence 1 month after their initial quit date and followed for a total of 12 months. Incidence of screened MDE was examined as a function of abstinence and depression history.ResultsContinued smoking, not abstinence, predicted MDE screened at 1 month [smoking 11.5% v. abstinence 7.8%, odds ratio (OR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.78, p=0.02] but not afterwards (smoking 11.1% v. abstinence 9.8%, OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.77–1.45, p=0.74). Depression history predicted MDE screened at 1 month (history 17.1% v. no history 8.6%, OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.29–2.27, p<0.001) and afterwards (history 21.7% v. no history 8.3%, OR 3.87, 95% CI 2.25–6.65, p<0.001), although the interaction between history and abstinence did not.ConclusionsQuitting smoking was not associated with increased MDE, even for smokers with a history of depression, although a history of depression was. Instead, not quitting was associated with increased MDE shortly following a quit attempt. Results from this online, large, international sample of smokers converge with similar findings from smaller, clinic-based samples, suggesting that in general, quitting smoking does not increase the incidence of MDEs.

Haunted by the past: transformations and daily challenges of China's prosthetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Chunchun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the transformations of prosthetic practices in China, as well as the daily experiences and dilemmas arising from the everchanging practices since 1949. On the basis of materials, this paper explores an everyday perspective to review the history of technology.Design/methodology/approachEthnography was collected with the application of participant observations, informal interviews and in-depth interviews during a 13-months study at a rehabilitation center in Chengdu, China. The literature on prosthetic manufacturing was also reviewed for this paper.FindingsChina's prosthetic technology seems to evolve from traditional to modern. However, this progressive narrative – innovation-based timeline (Edgerton, 2006, xi) – has been challenged by daily practices. Due to institutional pressures, prosthetists are in a dilemma of selectively using their knowledge to create one kind of device for all prosthesis users with a certain kind of disability, thereby regulating the physical and social experiences of prosthesis users. Besides, prosthesis users are accustomed to prostheses made with old techniques, and must correct themselves from old experiences to the daily practices recognized by the selected techniques.Originality/valueThis paper provides a cross-cultural case to reexamine Edgerton's criticism of the progressive and orderly innovation-centric technological narrative. More importantly, it reviews the history and practices of China's prosthetics from daily experiences rather than Edgerton's concentration on technology; therefore, it provides an everyday perspective for future research on technological transformations.

scholarly journals Strategi Konservasi Guna Mempertahankan Identitas Arsitektur Pura Situs di Desa Sibang (Pengurangan Resiko Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Arsitektural)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Ratih Pradnyaswari Anasta Putri ◽  
I Putu Adi Widiantara
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Site Conservation

Abstract: Pura is one of Balinese architectural works that serves as a place of worship for Hindus. Pura as one of the local wisdom of the Balinese people is often associated with the identity of a region and cultural heritage. Pura is considered as one of the real proofs of the history of history from the past until now. The rolling of time and time, and the absence of adequate historical documentation regarding temples in Bali caused changes and developments that often did not match the standard. Many factors can be said to be the cause of changes or developments in a temple, including: (1) lack of documentation; (2) understanding of local people who are still minimal in the process of building a temple; (3) the absence of rules, awig-awig, or guidelines regarding the process of building a temple; (4) the people's desire to carry out practical and inexpensive temple renovation processes; and (5) people's insensitivity to the identity of their territory. Sites that have historical value are instead replaced with new or current models that are not necessarily based on original literature from previous ancestral orders. Seeing this phenomenon, researchers believe that there needs to be a preservation effort, namely a conservation strategy so that changes and developments can be overcome and controlled according to their portion. This research was carried out in an exploratory manner with qualitative data analysis, which explores data in depth through in-depth interviews.                                     Keywords : Pura, Site, Conservation, IdentityAbstrak: Pura merupakan salah satu karya arsitektur Bali yang berfungsi sebagai tempat ibadah bagi umat Hindu. Pura sebagai salah satu kearifan lokal masyarakat Bali seringkali dikaitkan dengan identitas suatu wilayah dan warisan budaya. Pura dianggap sebagai salah satu bukti nyata perjalanan sejarah dari masa lampau hingga sekarang. Bergulirnya waktu dan jaman, serta tidak adanya dokumentasi sejarah yang memadai mengenai pura-pura di Bali menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan dan perkembangan yang seringkali tidak sesuai pakemnya. Banyak faktor yang dapat dikatakan sebagai penyebab dalam perubahan ataupun perkembangan sebuah pura, antara lain : (1) tidak adanya dokumentasi; (2) pemahaman masyarakat setempat yang masih minim terhadap proses pembangunan sebuah pura; (3) tidak adanya aturan, awig-awig, ataupun guidelines mengenai proses pembangunan sebuah pura; (4) keinginan masyarakat untuk melakukan proses renovasi pura dengan praktis dan murah; dan (5) ketidakpekaan masyarakat akan identitas wilayahnya. Situs-situs yang memiliki nilai historis malah diganti dengan model kebaruan atau kekinian yang belum tentu berdasarkan sastra asli dari tatanan leluhur sebelumnya. Melihat fenomena tersebut, peneliti meyakini perlu adanya sebuah upaya pelestarian yaitu strategi konservasi sehingga perubahan dan perkembangan dapat diatasi dan dikendalikan sesuai dengan porsinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan analisis data kualitatif, dimana menggali data sedalam-dalamnya melalui wawancara mendalam (in depth interview).Kata Kunci: Pura, Situs, Konservasi, Identitas

A Grounded Theory Study of Burnout among Youth Workers in Korean Immigrant Churches

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-391
Author(s):  
Youngjun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Youth Workers ◽  
Korean Immigrant ◽  
Grounded Theory Study ◽  
Immigrant Churches ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research aimed to explore the factors that contribute to burnout among Korean (American) youth workers. Twenty youth workers serving at Korean immigrant churches in California participated in in-depth interviews ( n = 20). The four key themes found, include multidimensional contributors to burnout, symptoms of burnout, impact of burnout, and the resolution of burnout. Based on the findings, this study discusses conclusions and implications for helping youth workers deal with a sense of burnout adequately and ways of thriving in their ministry.

An Encounter with Grounded Theory

2011 ◽  
pp. 104-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the practical and philosophical issues of applying the grounded theory approach to qualitative research in Information Systems. Over the past decade, we have seen a substantial increase in qualitative research in general (Klein, Nissen and Hirschheim, 1991; Walsham, 1995; Markus, 1997; Myers, 1997; Myers and Walsham, 1998; Klein and Myers, 1999; Walsham and Sahay, 1999; Trauth and Jessup, 2000; Schultze, 2000) and also an increase in the use of grounded theory (Toraskar, 1991, Orlikowski, 1993, Urquhart, 1997, 1998, 1999a, 1999b; Adams and Sasse, 1999, Baskerville and Pries-Heje, 1999, Trauth, 2000). Over the past three years, the most frequent request I have had from postgraduates is for some insight into the ‘how-to’ of coding and grounded theory

Western Europe and Scandinavia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Brockliss
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Childhood in western Europe is obviously a vast topic, and this entry will approach it historically and largely chronologically. The study of childhood is still relatively new, and historians have sometimes struggled to construct a history of childhood, with very few firsthand accounts and limited archives. So many children left very few traces of their lives, and historians have had to piece together their history, not from diaries or archives but from court reports, visual representations, and childcare manuals. They have had to struggle to recapture the world of childhood in eras prior to 1800, when sources are especially limited. They, like others interested in childhood studies, have had to address the issue of how to define a child and what childhood is. They have had to contemplate the different historical meanings of the word child prior to 1600 and to resist the temptation to believe that childhood has inevitably improved through the centuries. They have also had to become aware of the dangers of historicizing a phenomenon that has few stable parameters and, in some cultures, may not even exist at all. In several languages there is no word for child; even in English, the word has drastically shifted its meaning over the centuries. These shifts need to be historicized in order to see both the continuities and the discontinuities between the past and the present that suggest that childhood has always been a time of suffering; children have always been the victims of perilous disease, parental neglect, government policy, war, etc. Concurrently, children have also always been the hope of the future, the focus of special love and attention. A historical perspective on European childhoods brings this insight into sharp focus.

scholarly journals Quitting Without Reporting Having Tried: Findings From a National Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Brown ◽  
Eleni Vangeli ◽  
Jennifer A. Fidler ◽  
Tobias Raupach ◽  
Robert West
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Do So

Background: It is assumed that smokers rarely quit without ‘attempting’ to do so but the assumption does not appear to have been adequately tested. This study assessed the prevalence of reporting having stopped without reporting a quit attempt and the reasons given for this discrepancy.Methods: Data were collected from ex-smokers who said they had quit within the last 12 months during nationally representative household surveys conducted monthly between 2006–12.Results: Of the 1,892 ex-smokers who said that they had quit within the last 12 months, 13.9% (95%CI = 12.4%–15.5%) reported having made no serious quit attempts in that period. In a sub-group of 24 smokers who were asked why they had reported stopping without also reporting an attempt, nine cited inconsistency over timing; three reported stopping without attempting to do so; four did not consider it an ‘attempt’ because they had succeeded; and six had not ruled out the occasional cigarette in the future.Conclusions: A substantial minority of people who report having stopped in the past year may fail to report a corresponding quit attempt. However, quitting smoking without considering that one has tried appears to be rare. Instead, the most common reason for the discrepancy is inconsistent reporting of the timing of quit attempts.

scholarly journals Giving up on Drugs: Homeless Young People and Self-Reported Problematic Drug Use

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Keys ◽  
Shelley Mallett ◽  
Doreen Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Problematic Drug ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Professional Assistance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

Numerous studies have revealed high levels of drug-taking among young people experiencing homelessness. This article draws upon 40 in-depth interviews carried out as part of a five-year longitudinal study of homeless young people (Project i). It is noteworthy that almost all of those who identified their drug use as problematic gave up or reduced their level of use without treatment or professional assistance during the period of the study. The interviews provided insight into the way in which some young people experiencing homelessness view their drug use and the actions they take in light of these understandings. Here we report their stated reasons for giving up or reducing usage and identify some commonalities that may have impacted on the outcomes.

Evolution of the treatment of cerebral vasospasm

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Y. Rahimi ◽  
John H. Brown ◽  
Samuel D. Macomson ◽  
Michael A. Jensen ◽  
Cargill H. Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

✓ Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a disease process for which the lack of effective treatments has plagued neurosurgeons for decades. Historically, successful treatment after SAH in the acute setting was often followed by a rapid, uncontrollable deterioration in the subacute interval. Little was known regarding the nature and progression of this condition until the mid-1800s, when the disease was first described by Gull. Insight into the origin and natural history of cerebral vasospasm came slowly over the next 100 years, until the 1950s. Over the past five decades our understanding of cerebral vasospasm has expanded exponentially. This newly discovered information has been used by neurosurgeons worldwide for successful treatment of complications associated with vasospasm. Nevertheless, although great strides have been made toward elucidating the causes of cerebral vasospasm, a lasting cure continues to elude experts and the disease continues to wreak havoc on patients after aneurysmal SAH.

Recognition, Deference, and Respect: Generalizing the Lessons of an Asymmetric Asian Order

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brantly Womack
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Meiji Japan ◽  
End Of History ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The End Of History ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAs many distinguished academics and officials have pointed out, the current rise of China is not a completely new phenomenon, but rather the return of China to a position of regional centrality and world economic share that were considered normal less than two hundred years ago.1 This fact underlines the importance of history in putting the present into perspective, and at the same time, to the extent that all history is history of the present, it requires a reevaluation of the structure of China's traditional relationships. Hitherto, China's place in modern social science has been in an exotic corner, a failed oriental despotism. To be sure, traditional China did collapse, and today's China is a different China rising in a different world. We might assume that China is rising now precisely because of its differences from traditional China, that it is the last step toward the end of history rather than a resonance with the past. However, the convenience of such an assumption makes it suspect. If China is simply the latest avatar of Western modernity, then it requires of the West some readjustment, but not rethinking. However, the only certainty about China's rise is that it is a complex phenomenon, and the convenience of constructions such as China-as-Prussia or China-as-Meiji Japan derives from their preemption of open-ended study rather than from their insight into complexity. To the extent that China is China, both past and present require reconsideration.

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