Smoking cessation among US adults: use of e-cigarettes, including JUUL, and NRT use

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056013
Author(s):  
Minal Patel ◽  
Alison F Cuccia ◽  
Yitong Zhou ◽  
Elexis C Kierstead ◽  
Jodie Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
The Us ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Potential Tool

BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a common tobacco product in the US. Despite lacking Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for cessation, e-cigarettes, including JUUL, a popular device, have been viewed by some as a potential tool for tobacco users seeking to quit combustible tobacco use. It is unknown how current and former smokers report using these products for cigarette smoking cessation.MethodsOnline surveys were collected from a probability-based panel of US adults aged 18–64, with an oversample of past 12-month JUUL users (n=3415). Weighted past 12-month and past 30-day use of popular e-cigarette brands were measured. Former smokers with a quit attempt in the past 4 years and current smokers with a quit attempt in the past 12 months were asked about methods for smoking cessation, including e-cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) use.ResultsAmong former smokers (n=157), 21.2% used e-cigarettes and/or NRTs to help them quit. Specifically, 2.2% used JUUL only, compared with 10.3% who used NRTs only, and 6.9% used other e-cigarettes only to quit. Among current smokers with a quit attempt (n=308), 24.0% used any product (NRT or e-cigarettes) to quit, and only 1.1% used JUUL only. Current smokers reported relatively low use of NRTs only (10.1%), other e-cigarettes only (5.6%) and other e-cigarettes and NRTs (5.1%).ConclusionsData suggest that few smokers in the US use e-cigarettes, and JUUL specifically, for cessation, and NRTs use is relatively low. All e-cigarettes should undergo FDA review to minimise recreational use and understand their cessation efficacy.

scholarly journals Tobacco cessation behaviors among a sample of US Navy personnel

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Hall ◽  
Ryan P. Austin ◽  
Tai A. Do ◽  
Alec G. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Former Smokers

AbstractIntroductionThe US Navy utilizes numerous resources to encourage smoking cessation. Despite these efforts, cigarette smoking among service members remains high. Electronic cigarettes (EC) have provided an additional cessation resource. Little is known regarding the utilization efficacy of these cessation resources in the US Navy.AimsThis study sought to explore the utilization and efficacy of ECs and other smoking cessation resources.MethodsAn anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted at a military clinic from 2015 to 2016. Participants were active duty in the US Navy and reported demographics, smoking behaviors, and utilization of cessation resources.ResultsOf the 977 participants in the study, 14.9% were current and 39.4% were former smokers. Most current smokers (83.6%) previously attempted cessation, smoked an average of 2–5 cigarettes per day (34.7%), and smoked every day of the month (26.4%). The number of daily cigarettes smoked and number of days cigarettes were smoked per month was not significantly different between cigarette-only smokers and EC dual users (p = 0.92, p = 0.75, respectively). Resources used by current and former smokers include: ‘cold turkey’ (44.6%, 57.1%, respectively), ECs (22.3%, 24.7%), nicotine patch (8.3%, 1.3%), medicine (6.6%, 3.9%), nicotine gum (5.8%, 10.4%), and quit programs (2.5%, 2.6).ConclusionCurrent and former cigarette smokers utilized similar resources to quit smoking. Electronic cigarettes are being used for cessation but do not significantly reduce the number of cigarettes smoked on a daily or monthly basis. Future studies may benefit from exploring the use of cessation resources and ECs within the military as a whole.

scholarly journals Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapies in the Treatment of Esophageal Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Barsouk ◽  
Prashanth Rawla ◽  
Andreas V. Hadjinicolaou ◽  
John Sukumar Aluru ◽  
Alexander Barsouk
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
The Us ◽  
Third Line

Esophageal cancer (EC) is among the most frequent and deadly cancers around the world. While esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has one of the fastest-growing incidences amongst cancers in the US, it also has one of the lowest survival rates due to the limited effective treatment options. Fortunately, in the past decade, two targeted therapies and an immunotherapy agent have been approved by the FDA for metastatic EAC and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), with several more currently being considered for approval. In terms of immunotherapies, in July 2019, the FDA approved the PD1 inhibitor pembrolizumab for second-line treatment of PDL1-positive, advanced or metastatic ESCC. Two years before, pembrolizumab had been approved for the third-line treatment of PDL1-positive EAC. The PD1 inhibitor nivolumab, which was found in one study to outperform chemotherapy irrespective of PDL1 status, has yet to secure FDA approval. In terms of targeted therapies, although as many as 90% of EC cases show upregulated EGFR, anti-EGFR therapy has not been shown to improve survival. Ramucirumab, an antibody targeting both VEGF and HER2/neu receptors, has been approved for the treatment of refractory EAC, while the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) trastuzumab has been approved as front-line treatment for HER2-positive cases which account for approximately 20% of ECs. Although these targeted therapies and immunotherapies have resulted in significant improvements in survival for specific patient populations that are positive for certain biomarkers, such as PDL1 and HER2/neu, the survival rates remain low for a large proportion of the metastatic EC patient population, necessitating the development of further targeted treatment options.

Smoking, Smoking Cessation, And Smoking Relapse Patterns In The US: A Web-Based Survey Of Current And Former Smokers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Yeomans ◽  
Jeno P. Marton ◽  
Elizabeth Merikle ◽  
K J. Ishak ◽  
Irina Proskorovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Smoking Relapse ◽  
The Us ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Relapse Patterns

scholarly journals E-cigarette Usage Is Associated With Increased Past-12-Month Quit Attempts and Successful Smoking Cessation in Two US Population–Based Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1331-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Johnson ◽  
Yinjiao Ma ◽  
Sherri L Fisher ◽  
Alex T Ramsey ◽  
Li-Shiun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Us ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Demographic Shifts

Abstract Introduction We examined past-12-month quit attempts and smoking cessation from 2006 to 2016 while accounting for demographic shifts in the US population. In addition, we sought to understand whether the current use of electronic cigarettes was associated with a change in past-12-month quit attempts and successful smoking cessation at the population level. Methods We analyzed data from 25- to 44-year-olds from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2006 to 2016 (N = 26,354) and the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) in 2006–2007, 2010–2011, and 2014–2015 (N = 33,627). Data on e-cigarette use were available in the 2014–2016 NHIS and 2014–2015 TUS-CPS surveys. Results Past-12-month quit attempts and smoking cessation increased in recent years compared with 2006. Current e-cigarette use was associated with higher quit attempts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87 to 2.81, p < .001) and greater smoking cessation (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.21, p = .001) in the NHIS. Multivariable logistic regression of the TUS-CPS data showed that current e-cigarette use was similarly significantly associated with increased past-12-month quit attempts and smoking cessation. Significant interactions were found for smoking frequency (everyday and some-day smoking) and current e-cigarette use for both outcomes (p < .0001) with the strongest positive effects seen in everyday smokers. Conclusions Compared with 2006, past-12-month quit attempts and smoking cessation increased among adults aged 25–44 in recent years. Current e-cigarette use was associated with increased past-12-month quit attempts and successful smoking cessation among established smokers. These findings are relevant to future tobacco policy decisions. Implications E-cigarettes were introduced into the US market over the past decade. During this period, past-12-month quit attempts and smoking cessation have increased among US adults aged 25–44. These trends are inconsistent with the hypothesis that e-cigarette use is delaying quit attempts and leading to decreased smoking cessation. In contrast, current e-cigarette use was associated with significantly higher past-12-month quit attempts and past-12-month cessation. These findings suggest that e-cigarette use contributes to a reduction in combustible cigarette use among established smokers.

scholarly journals Young adult perceptions of JUUL and other pod electronic cigarette devices in California: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e026306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Keamy-Minor ◽  
Julia McQuoid ◽  
Pamela M Ling
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
The Us ◽  
Psychoactive Effects

ObjectiveElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) which utilise prefilled‘pods’(pod devices) entered the US market in 2015. One brand, JUUL, captured more than half the e-cigarette market in early 2018, and the US Food and Drug Administration recently warned its manufacturer about adolescent uptake. This is the first qualitative study to describe distinct features of pod devices that appear to contribute to their popularity among young people.DesignQualitative interview study of young adults who had used pod devices. Participants were recruited from Facebook, other social media, street recruitment and via snowball sampling.SettingParticipants were from California, with most from the San Francisco Bay Area.ParticipantsYoung adults (aged 18–29 years) using multiple tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes and/or smokeless tobacco) were recruited. Of the sample of 60 participants, 24 were included in this analysis: 10 who reported experience with pod devices and 14 who used other non-pod e-cigarette devices.ResultsTen participants had used a pod device in the past year. Of the pod device users, seven still used a pod device at the time of the interview and five did so daily. Nearly all (n=9) pod device users smoked cigarettes in the past month; none were daily smokers. The 14 participants who used non-pod devices provided a point of comparison. Participants highlighted some distinct aspects of pod devices that facilitated use, including their aesthetic similarity to personal electronics, high levels of nicotine delivery with distinct psychoactive effects, more discreet and shorter duration use sessions, and greater social acceptability than more ostentatious non-pod e-cigarettes.ConclusionsPod devices’ unique characteristics likely encourage pod device uptake among young people. Limitations on advertising in youth channels, flavours and distribution, and education about nicotine addiction may decrease initiation among young people and non-smokers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated With Attempts to Quit and Smoking Cessation in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 22S-31S ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang Hock Lim ◽  
Pei Pei Heng ◽  
Mohamad Haniki Nik Mohamed ◽  
Chien Huey Teh ◽  
Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Former Smokers

Smoking cessation significantly reduces risk of smoking-related diseases and mortality. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with attempts to quit and smoking cessation among adult current smokers in Malaysia. Data from the National E-Cigarette Survey 2016 were analyzed. Forty nine percent of current smokers had attempted to quit at least once in the past 12 months and 31.4% of the respondents were former smokers. Multivariable analysis revealed that current smokers with low nicotine addiction and aged below 45 years were more likely to attempt to quit smoking. Being married, older age group, and having tertiary education were significantly associated with smoking cessation. Only half of the current smokers ever attempted to quit smoking and only a third of smokers quit. Stronger tobacco control policies are needed in Malaysia to encourage more smokers to quit smoking. Improved access to cessation support for underprivileged smokers is also needed.

scholarly journals Electronic Cigarette Toxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drew Payne ◽  
David Michaels ◽  
Menfil Orellana-Barrios ◽  
Kenneth Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are often advertised as a healthier product when compared with traditional cigarettes. Currently, there are limited data to support this and only a threat of federal regulation from the US Food and Drug Administration. Calls to poison control centers about e-cigarette toxicity, especially in children, and case reports of toxic exposures have increased over the past 3 years. This research letter reports the frequency of hazardous exposures to e-cigarettes and characterizes the reported adverse health effects associated with e-cigarette toxicity.

scholarly journals Quit interest, quit attempt and recent cigarette smoking cessation in the US working population, 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C Yong ◽  
Sara E Luckhaupt ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Geoffrey M Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Utilisation of smoking cessation aids among South African adult smokers: findings from a national survey of 18 208 South African adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e000637
Author(s):  
Israel Agaku ◽  
Catherine Egbe ◽  
Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
South African ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
The Past

ObjectiveTo examine the use of different cessation aids among current South African smokers who have ever tried to quit smoking.DesignCross-sectional design.SettingSouth Africa has progressively passed several policies over the past few decades to encourage smoking cessation. Data on cessation behaviours are needed to inform policymaking. We investigated utilisation of evidence-based cessation aids and e-cigarettes among current combustible smokers. Current tobacco use, past quit attempts and use of evidence-based cessation aids (counselling, nicotine replacement therapy or prescription medication) were self-reported. Data were weighted and analysed using descriptive and multivariable approaches (p<0.05).ParticipantsOnline participants were recruited from the national consumer database for News24—South Africa’s largest digital publisher. Of the 18 208 participants aged 18 years or older, there were 5657 current smokers of any combustible tobacco product (cigarettes, cigars, pipes or roll-your-own cigarettes), including 4309 who had ever attempted to quit during their lifetime.ResultsCurrent combustible tobacco smoking prevalence was 22.4% (95% CI: 21.2% to 23.5%), and 98.7% of all current smokers of any combustible tobacco were current cigarette smokers. Awareness of cessation aids was as follows among current combustible tobacco smokers: smoking cessation counselling programmes, 50.8% (95% CI: 48.1% to 53.6%); nicotine replacement therapy, 92.1% (95% CI: 90.5% to 93.6%); prescription cessation medication, 68.2% (95% CI: 65.2% to 70.6%). Awareness of cessation aids was lowest among Black Africans, men, and persons with little or no income. Of all current combustible tobacco smokers, 74.6% (95% CI: 72.2% to 76.7%) had ever attempted to quit and 42.8% (95% CI: 40.0% to 45.4%) of these quit attempters had ever used any cessation aid. Among current combustible smokers who attempted to quit in the past, ever e-cigarette users were more likely than never e-cigarette users to have ever used any cessation aid (50.6% vs 35.9%, p<0.05). Of current combustible smokers intending to quit, 66.7% (95% CI: 64.2% to 68.9%) indicated interest in using a cessation aid for future quitting. By specific aids, 24.7% (95% CI: 21.3% to 28.1%) of those planning to use any cessation aid were interested in getting help from a pharmacist, 44.6% (95% CI: 40.9% to 48.4%) from a doctor, 49.8% (95% CI: 46.0% to 53.6%) from someone who had successfully quit, 30.0% (95% CI: 26.7% to 33.4%) from a family member and 26.5% (95% CI: 23.0% to 30.0%) from web resources.ConclusionOnly two in five past quit attempters had ever used counselling/pharmacotherapy. Any putative benefits of e-cigarettes on cessation may be partly attributable to pharmacotherapy/counselling given concurrent use patterns among past quit attempters using e-cigarettes. Comprehensive tobacco control and prevention strategies can help reduce aggregate tobacco consumption.

Evaluation of modified risk claim advertising formats for Camel Snus

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 971-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian V Fix ◽  
Sarah E Adkison ◽  
Richard J O’Connor ◽  
Maansi Bansal-Travers ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Print Advertisements ◽  
The Us ◽  
Product Risk ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
A Current ◽  
Reduced Risk

Objectives: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory authority for modified risk tobacco product advertising claims. To guide future regulatory efforts, we investigated how variations in modified risk claim advertisements influence consumer perceptions of product risk claims for Camel Snus. Methods: Young people and adults (15–65), including current, never, and former smokers, were randomised to view one of five Camel Snus print advertisements as part of a web-based survey. Four of the advertisements presented information related to nitrosamine content of snus using four formats: (1) text, (2) a bar chart, (3) a text/testimonial and (4) a bar chart/testimonial. The fifth format, used as a control, was a current advertisement for Camel Snus without the explicit claims made about nitrosamine content. After viewing advertisements for all products, participants were asked which product they would be most interested in trying. Results: Participants exposed to advertisements that contained an explicit reduced risk message agreed the advertising claim for that product posed fewer health risks than cigarettes. However, advertisements containing the reduced risk messages were also viewed as containing less truthful information and respondents were more sceptical of the information presented. Advertisement claim format was not associated with selecting snus over the other tobacco products, nor was it associated with purchase intentions. Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that consumers respond to reduced risk messages, though perhaps not in the direct way anticipated. We found no significant differences by advertisement format (numerical, graphical, testimonial).

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