Aspects of floral morphology in Ambrosina and Arisarum (Araceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Christian Lacroix ◽  
Marc Gibernau
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Slit ◽  
Male Flowers

The floral morphology of Ambrosina and Arisarum is analysed from a developmental and phylogenetic point of view. In Arisarum, there are atypical organs displaying male and female characteristics. This developmental study shows that the male flowers of Ambrosina are di- or tri-androus. A close phylogenetic relationship between Ambrosina and Arisarum is supported by their morphology. Both genera have the same type of pollen (ellipsoid, inaperturate, striate–reticulate) and the mode of dehiscence (by a longitudinal slit) of the thecae. In Arisarum, the pollen is mixed with extracellular prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate.Key words: atypical flowers, calcium oxalate crystals, flower development, phylogeny.

Development of the flower and inflorescence of Arum italicum (Araceae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Christian Lacroix ◽  
Marc Gibernau
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Developmental Point ◽  
Arum Italicum

The spadix of Arum italicum Miller consists of two main parts: a clavate sterile portion (appendix) and a cylindroid fertile portion. In the fertile portion with both male and female zones, there are two zones of sterile flowers (bristles). The basal portion of bristles is surrounded by a verrucose structure consisting of a mass of tissular excrescences. During early stages of development, there is no free space between the different zones of the inflorescence. The elongation of the inflorescence axis is what eventually separates the different zones from each other. There are no atypical flowers that are morphologically intermediate between male and female flowers as is the case in other genera of Aroideae (e.g., Cercestis, Philodendron, Schismatoglottis). The structure of the bristles in the inflorescences of Arum does not correspond to any type of atypical flower (unisexual or bisexual) that has been analysed previously in the Araceae. From a developmental point of view, it is not possible to determine if the bristles correspond to aborted or modified female or male flowers. In the early stages of development, the stamens, staminodes, and appendix are covered by globular masses of extracellular calcium oxalate crystals.Key words: development, unisexual flowers, gradient, calcium oxalate crystals.

Developmental morphology of normal and atypical flowers of Philodendron insigne (Araceae): a new case of homeosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1160-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Christian Lacroix ◽  
Bernard Jeune
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Bisexual Flower ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Morphogenetic Gradient ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Scanning Electron

The early stages of development of the inflorescence of Philodendron insigne were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Pistillate flowers are initiated on the lower portion of the inflorescence and staminate flowers are initiated on the distal portion. The male flowers have three to five stamens. The female flowers have a multilocular ovary consisting of three to five locules. A transition zone consisting of sterile male flowers and atypical bisexual flowers with fused or free carpels and staminodes is located between the male and female floral zones. Generally, the portion of the bisexual flower facing the male zone forms stamens, and the portion facing the female zone develops one or two carpels. In P. insigne, the incomplete separation of staminodes from the gynoecial portion of the whorl shows that the staminodes and carpels belong to the same whorl. The atypical bisexual flowers of P. insigne are believed to be a case of homeosis where carpels have been replaced by sterile stamens on the same whorl. However, there is no regularity in the number of organs involved in the homeotic transformation taking place in atypical bisexual flowers. The presence of atypical bisexual flowers may correspond to a morphogenetic gradient at the level of the inflorescence as a whole.Key words: flower, development, gradient, inflorescence.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

An SEM study of raphide crystal initials in the leaves of vitis (grape)

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 984-985
Author(s):  
H. J. Arnott ◽  
M. A. Webb ◽  
L. E. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Crystal Cells ◽  
Crystal Idioblast

Many papers have been published on the structure of calcium oxalate crystals in plants, however, few deal with the early development of crystals. Large numbers of idioblastic calcium oxalate crystal cells are found in the leaves of Vitis mustangensis, V. labrusca and V. vulpina. A crystal idioblast, or raphide cell, will produce 150-300 needle-like calcium oxalate crystals within a central vacuole. Each raphide crystal is autonomous, having been produced in a separate membrane-defined crystal chamber; the idioblast''s crystal complement is collectively embedded in a water soluble glycoprotein matrix which fills the vacuole. The crystals are twins, each having a pointed and a bidentate end (Fig 1); when mature they are about 0.5-1.2 μn in diameter and 30-70 μm in length. Crystal bundles, i.e., crystals and their matrix, can be isolated from leaves using 100% ETOH. If the bundles are treated with H2O the matrix surrounding the crystals rapidly disperses.

Calcium oxalate crystals in Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Raman ◽  
IA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Oxalate Crystals

A polyherbal formulation attenuates hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and prevents subsequent deposition of calcium oxalate crystals and renal cell injury in rat kidneys

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-471
Author(s):  
S. Bodakhe Kiran ◽  
P Namdeo Kamta ◽  
C.Patra Kartik ◽  
Machwal Lalit ◽  
K. Pareta Surendra
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Rat Kidneys

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Flower Development in Castanea Sativa Mill.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Alhinho ◽  
Miguel Jesus Nunes Ramos ◽  
Sofia Alves ◽  
Margarida Rocheta ◽  
Leonor Morais-Cecílio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Chestnut Tree ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Female Flowers

The sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the most significant Mediterranean tree species, being an important natural resource for the wood and fruit industries. It is a monoecious species, presenting unisexual male catkins and bisexual catkins, with the latter having distinct male and female flowers. Despite the importance of the sweet chestnut tree, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of sexual organ identity. Thus, the study of how the different flowers of C. sativa develop is fundamental to understand the reproductive success of this species and the impact of flower phenology on its productivity. In this study, a C. sativa de novo transcriptome was assembled and the homologous genes to those of the ABCDE model for floral organ identity were identified. Expression analysis showed that the C. sativa B- and C-class genes are differentially expressed in the male flowers and female flowers. Yeast two-hybrid analysis also suggested that changes in the canonical ABCDE protein–protein interactions may underlie the mechanisms necessary to the development of separate male and female flowers, as reported for the monoecious Fagaceae Quercus suber. The results here depicted constitute a step towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in unisexual flower development in C. sativa, also suggesting that the ABCDE model for flower organ identity may be molecularly conserved in the predominantly monoecious Fagaceae family.

Calcium oxalate crystals inOpuntia ficusindica (L.) mill.: Development and relation to mucilage cells ? A stereological analysis

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 109 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
A. M. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Stereological Analysis ◽  
Oxalate Crystals
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