Interaction of Glomus fasciculatum and Pythium ultimum on greenhouse-grown poinsettia

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1575-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kaye ◽  
F. L. Pfleger ◽  
E. L. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
P Content ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Rooted Euphorbia pulcherrhima (poinsettia) plants, mycorrhizal with Glomus fasciculatum or nonmycorrhizal, were grown in a potting medium with a phosphorus (P) level of 5 μg/g, containing Pythium ultimum at 0, 38, 66, or 132 colony-forming units (CFU)/g dried soil. Fertilization was at 75 ppm nitrogen–potassium (N–K) weekly. Mycorrhizal root colonization was greater in plants grown in P. ultimum soil at each density than in plants grown in soil without P. ultimum, as determined by the root segment method and at 132 and 38 CFU/g as determined by the root length method. Plant height and foliar P content of mycorrhizal plants were greater than of nonmycorrhizal plants when grown in soil infested with 38 CFU/g P. ultimum. Foliar manganese (Mn) content was greater in nonmycorrhizal than mycorrhizal plants when grown in P. ultimum soil at each density. Mycorrhizal plants had lower final P. ultimum populations in rhizosphere soil than nonmycorrhizal plants when grown in soil infested with 38 CFU/g P. ultimum. Densities of Pythium ultimum were greater in rhizosphere compared with nonrhizosphere soil in the absence of mycorrhizae.

Implications of rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma harzianum

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaleed S. Ahmad ◽  
Ralph Baker
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Additional Water

Seed treatment with conidia of rhizosphere-competent mutants of Trichoderma harzianum reduced the incidence of preemergence damping-off of barley, cucumber, pea, radish, and tomato induced by Pythium ultimum. Wild-type parents of these mutants were less effective in control. When rhizosphere-competent mutants were applied to seed or when a peat-bran preparation was added to soil, the resulting plants produced significantly higher fruit weight and higher dry weights than those treated with rhizosphere-incompetent wild types and controls. Seed treatment with mutants increased the incidence of emergence and resultant plant growth was significantly (P = 0.05) better than when mutant strains were added to soil in peat–bran. There was, however, no significant (P = 0.05) difference between the two types of application of the wild types. When cucumber seeds, treated with a T. harzianum rhizosphere-competent mutant (T-95) or its parent wild type (WT), were sown in raw soil kept under constant matric potential with no additional water added, the roots grew 8 cm in 8 days. Untreated seeds produced roots 7 cm long. Fewer colony-forming units of P. ultimum per milligram were isolated from rhizosphere soil of the T-95 treated seedlings than in the untreated controls and those treated with WT. Pythium ultimum was not detected in the 8th cm (farthest from seed) root segment of T-95 treated seeds, whereas the last centimetre of root segment from untreated and WT-treated seeds yielded 3000 colony-forming units/g rhizosphere soil. Seed treatment with rhizosphere-competent mutants of T. harzianum is an effective delivery system to achieve biocontrol and increase growth response.

scholarly journals Glomus fasciculatum, a dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal species in the rhizosphere soils of Setaria italica in Mahabubnagar district of Telangana state, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Kante ◽  
Laxmi Kanth Mhadgula
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Fungal Association

The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal association in the rhizosphere soils of Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. from 8 Mandals of Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state, India, were studied. A significant number of AM fungi were identified in the present study, i.e., 53. Among the 53 AM fungi, Glomus was represented by 23 species, Acaulospora with 11, Sclerocystis with 6, Scutellospora with 5, Gigaspora with 4, and Funneliformis with 2, Ambispora and Archaeospora with 1 species. Glomus fasciculatum was the dominant species among the Glomus genera isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of 34 villages in Mahabub Nagar district of Telangana State. The AM fungi spore density ranged from 74 to 270 per 100 gm soil (average 145), while the root colonization ranged from 50.67% to 93.33% (average 75.71%). This study provides valuable information on AM fungal association in Setaria italica.

EFFECTS OF LIME ON EXTRACTABLE ALUMINUM AND OTHER SOIL PROPERTIES AND ON BARLEY AND ALFALFA GROWN IN POT TESTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MacLEAN ◽  
R. L. HALSTEAD ◽  
B. J. FINN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mn Content

Liming of six acid soil samples in an incubation experiment with rates to raise the soil pH to 6.0 or above eliminated Al soluble in 0.01 M CaCl2, reduced soluble Mn and Zn, increased NO3-N markedly, and at the highest pH increased the amounts of NaHCO3-soluble P in some of the soils. In corresponding pot experiments, liming increased the yield of alfalfa and in three of the soils the yield of barley also. Liming reduced the concentrations of the metals in the plants and at the highest pH tended to increase the P content of the plants. Liming to a pH of about 5.3 eliminated or greatly reduced soluble Al and the soils were base saturated as measured by the replacement of Al, Ca, and Mg by a neutral salt. There was some evidence that liming to reduce soluble Al and possibly Mn was beneficial for plant growth. Gypsum increased the concentrations of Al, Mn, and Zn in 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts of the soils whereas phosphate reduced them. The changes in the Mn content of the plants following these treatments were in agreement with the amounts of Mn in the CaCl2 extracts.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MEADOW FOXTAIL

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. J. VAN ADRICHEM ◽  
J. N. TINGLE
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Application ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
N Rates

The effects of spring-applied nitrogen (0, 56, 112 and 224 kg/ha) and phosphorus (0 and 27.4 kg/ha) on the dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality of successive harvests of meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) were investigated. Nitrogen increased DM yield, crude protein, Cu, K and Zn contents and decreased P, Ca, Mg and Mn contents. Application of P in combination with N increased K content in the first cut and arrested the decline of P content due to N application in all cuts. The levels of dry matter digestibility and Cu declined in successive cuts whereas Mn content increased. At low N rates, Ca and Mg contents increased as the season advanced.

scholarly journals Studies on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal association in some medicinal plant species of paithal hills, western ghats kannur district, kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Santhoshkumar S ◽  
Nagarajan N ◽  
Sree Priya S
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
The Family ◽  
Spore Population ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

In the present study to analyzed that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in root colonization and spore population in rhizosphere soils samples in various medicinal at Paithal hills,Western Ghats of Kannur district, Kerala, India. Root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected during the month of August, 2018-March, 2019 from the surface to 30 cm depth as well as pH were also recorded. Totally 30 plant species belonging to 19 families were collected and identified. The present result showed arbuscular mycorrhizal spore population in the rhizosphere soil and root colonization of all the plant species. A total of 19 AM fungal spores were recovered from the rhizosphere soil samples in this study region. The Glomus was dominant had seen in rhizosphere soil samples in all the medicinal plant species. The maximum spore population was found in the rhizosphere soil samples of Mimosa pudica (590/100g of soil) which belongs to the family Mimosaceae and the lowest spore population was observed in the Terminalia bellirica 135/100g of soil) belongs to Combretaceae family. The highest  78 % AM fungal colonization was found in roots of Euphorbia hirta belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. While the lowest 11 % AM fungal colonization was found in the root of Sida acuta belongs to the family Malvaceae.

scholarly journals Selection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for sugarcane in four soils with the presence of dark septate endophytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Ortega Fors ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dark Septate Endophytes ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
P Content ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scutellospora Calospora

The present study aimed to select efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for sugarcane growth and P nutrition in four soils that spontaneously contained dark septate endophytes (DSE). The effect of nine AMF isolates was evaluated individually in sugarcane presprouted seedlings (SP81-3250) grown under greenhouse conditions for a 120-day period. The isolates that stimulated plant growth in the soils with low P availability were Acaulospora colombiana (ACOL), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CETU), Gigaspora margarita (GMAR), Rhizophagus clarus (RCLA) and Scutellospora calospora (SCAL). Compared to the Yellow Argisol, which had the highest P level, the Red-Yellow Argisol, with an intermediate P content, increased plant height. Compared to the other treatments, inoculation with ACOL, RCLA, and SCAL resulted in higher foliar P content in plants grown in soils with high to intermediate P levels. Root colonization by AMF and DSE was verified in the plants, with the coexistence of both fungal groups in the same plant and/or root fragment. However, AMF colonization was low compared to DSE colonization. The cooccurrence of DSE and AMF was higher in the plants inoculated with ACOL, RCLA, SCAL, and Dentiscutata heterogama. ACOL, CETU, GMAR, RCLA, and SCAL are AMF isolates that have the potential to establish a mycorrhizal inoculant for sugarcane that would be effective in several soils.

Effects of glyphosate on Fusarium spp.: its influence on root colonization of weeds, propagule density in the soil, and crop emergence

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. André Lévesque ◽  
James E. Rahe ◽  
David M. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Polygonum Persicaria

Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide that can lead to root rot like damage on crops. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of glyphosate on the root-colonizing Fusarium spp. The research was conducted at two sites. Site one was densely covered with perennial weeds, and site two with annuals. At site one, spraying the weed cover with glyphosate increased (p < 0.05) the level of colonization by Fusarium spp. in Ranunculus repens and Holcus lanatus, but not in Stellaria media and Plantago lanceolata. At site two, glyphosate enhanced colonization in Spergula arvensis, Stellaria media, Echinochloa crusgalli, and Chenopodium album, but not in Capsella bursa-pastoris and Polygonum persicaria. At both sites, the number of colony-forming units of Fusarium spp. per gram of dried soil was increased by the application of glyphosate. Nevertheless, crops subsequently sown in the field containing the annual weeds were not detrimentally affected by glyphosate treatment of these weeds.

Interaction between Glomus fasciculatum and Sclerotium rolfsii in peanut

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2349-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Krishna ◽  
D. J. Bagyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Simultaneous Addition ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
P Content ◽  
Pot Culture

The interaction between the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum and the root pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii was studied in a pot culture experiment. The mycorrhizal fungus reduced the number of sclerotia produced by the pathogen and the pathogen reduced the percentage root infection and chlamydospore production by the mycorrhizal fungus. Root and shoot dry weights of the host and their P content was highest in plants inoculated with mycorrhiza only and lowest in plants inoculated with the pathogen only. Simultaneous addition of mycorrhizal inoculum and the pathogen reduced the severity of disease.

Biological Control of Damping-off of Cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum with a Root-Colonization-Deficient strain of Escherichia coli

1997 ◽  
Vol 145 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Roberts ◽  
P. D. Dery ◽  
P. K. Hebbar ◽  
W. Mao ◽  
R. D. Lumsden
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Damping Off

Impact of soil sterilization and irrigation intervals on P and K acquisition by mycorrhizal onion (Allium cepa)

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Aliasgharzad ◽  
Saheb Bolandnazar ◽  
Mohammad Neyshabouri ◽  
Nader Chaparzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

AbstractDrought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association and soil microorganisms can help plant growth under water stress condition by improvement of its nutrient and water uptake. In this experiment, onion plants (Allium cepa L. cv. Red Azar Shahr) were inoculated with three AM fungi species (Glomus versiforme, G. intraradices, G. etunicatum) or left un-inoculated as non-mycorrhizal plants, in a sterile or non-sterile sandy loam soil. Plants were irrigated at 7, 9 or 11-day intervals to keep the soil moisture content to field capacity at the irrigation time. Mycorrhizal root colonization decreased (p < 0.05) with an increase in irrigation interval, and the highest root colonization was achieved at 7-day irrigated onions in symbiosis with G. versiforme. Phosphorus content in plant tissue was significantly increased in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal onions. Plants inoculated with G. versiforme at 9-day interval treatment had the highest leaf P content, while the lowest P was observed in non-mycorrhizal plants at all irrigation intervals. Onions inoculated by G. versiforme or G. etunicatum at 9-day irrigation interval had the highest K content. Results revealed that the inoculation of onion plant with G. versiforme or G. etunicatum and increasing irrigation interval up to 9 days, could improve P and K uptake.

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