Microscale pattern of vascular plant distribution in two high arctic plant communities

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2033-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Sohlberg ◽  
L. C. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Point Quadrat

Microscale pattern is of crucial importance in determining the distribution of vascular plants in the extreme environments of the High Arctic. Point-quadrat analysis of the distribution of the vascular plants in a mesic cryptogam–herb meadow and a xeric Puccinellia barren found a nonrandom distribution of vascular species. Most species were found growing in moss turfs versus crustose lichen or bare soil surfaces in the meadow and in desiccation cracks in the barren. Two species showed an opposite distribution pattern in the meadow indicating that incipient niche differentiation occurs in the High Arctic. Quadrat sampling showed that seed distribution was random in the meadow and only slightly skewed toward cracks in the barren. Microsites appeared to be crucial to the seedling establishment and adult distribution pattern for Papaver radicatum but less important for Ranunculus sabinei. Microclimate analyses showed that soil temperatures were higher, wind speeds were lower, soil moisture content was greater, and nitrate levels were higher in the microsites usually preferred by plants.

Vascular plant communities of a polar oasis at Alexandra Fiord (79° N), Ellesmere Island, Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1126-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muc ◽  
B. Freedman ◽  
J. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Community Types

A cluster analysis was used to apportion 136 stands in a High Arctic lowland among six vascular plant community types. These communities are described on the basis of the average prominence values of vascular species and the total cover of macroalgae, bryophytes, lichens, and vascular plants within the designated clusters of stands. The relationships among the community types was explored by a detrended correspondence analysis. The ordination of stands showed considerable floristic overlap among the most widespread plant communities on the lowland. This largely reflects the microtopographic heterogeneity of the sites, the relatively depauperate flora of the High Arctic, and the considerable ecological amplitude of the most prominent vascular plant species.

Root growth in a polar semidesert environment

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (20) ◽  
pp. 2470-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Bell ◽  
L. C. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratios

Within the northwestern islands of the High Arctic, the vegetation and flora of King Christian Island are very representative. Five plant communities were recognized in a moisture gradient from a moss–rush moist meadow with 22 species of vascular plants and 13% cover (total plant cover 93%) to lichen barrens on low ridges with 8 species of vascular plants and 3% cover (total plant cover 24%). Root systems of 30 of the 34 known vascular plant species were examined. Root:shoot ratios (alive) are generally 0.2 to 0.7. Roots are estimated to live 1.5 years in Phippsia algida, 3.4–3.7 years in Alopecurus alpinus and Puccinellia vaginata, and 7–13 years in Luzula nivalis, L. confuse), and Cerastium arcticum. Optimal root growth occurs at 12 to 20 °C but cold field soils (1 to 3 °C) reduce these rates by 90%. Root growth was also reduced by low soil water potentials (< − 14 bars (1 bar = 100 kPa)), conditions seldom encountered in these sites. Limited root growth due to cold soils is combined with the adaptive advantages of small roots to produce small plants and sparse cover in these polar semidesert lands.

Responses of Ranunculus sabinei and Papaver radicatum to removal of the moss layer in a high-arctic meadow

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Sohlberg ◽  
L. C. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Moss Layer

Within the High Arctic, vascular plants of small size often grow in dense turfs of moss. The effect of moss removal on vascular plant growth was examined over a 2-year period for Ranunculus sabinei and Papaver radicatum. Aboveground non-repoductive parts of flowering R. sabinei were significantly (p < 0.05) larger for individuals in moss removal and moss clipped treatments than those in control plots. Similar but nonsignificant differences were found for nonflowering individuals of R. sabinei. Papaver radicatum had significantly (p < 0.05) larger aboveground, nonreproductive biomass in moss removal and replacement plots than in the moss clipped treatment and the controls. We suggest that the responses of Ranunculus sabinei to moss clipping or removal and of Papaver radicatum to moss removal and moss replacement are examples of the interaction between moss and vascular plants in relation to microsite conditions. Moss turf provides more soil moisture during drought periods as well as higher levels of nutrients. Moss removal results in warmer and more aerated soils. We interpret these results as commensalism rather than competition.

scholarly journals New Records of Vascular Plant Distribution in the Polish Part of the Lithuanian Lakeland, North-Eastern Poland

Botanica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Artur Pliszko ◽  
Monika Woźniak-Chodacka
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
New Records ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Crepis Capillaris ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Rubus Armeniacus ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Oenothera Glazioviana

AbstractThe paper presents new localities of 15 vascular plants recorded in the Polish part of the Lithuanian Lakeland, north-eastern Poland in 2017–2018, using the ATPOL cartogram method. Crepis capillaris, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Eragrostis albensis, Matthiola longipetala, Oenothera fruticosa, Oenothera glazioviana and Rubus armeniacus are listed as new species for the regional flora.

scholarly journals Survey of the vascular plants of Alert (Ellesmere Island, Canada), a polar desert at the northern tip of the Americas

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-225
Author(s):  
Émilie Desjardins ◽  
Sandra Lai ◽  
Serge Payette ◽  
Martin Dubé ◽  
Paul C. Sokoloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Polar Desert ◽  
Term Monitoring

Long-term monitoring is critical to guide conservation strategies and assess the impacts of climatic changes and anthropogenic activities. In High Arctic ecosystems, information on distribution and population trends of plants is dramatically lacking. During two field expeditions in 2018 and 2019, we conducted a systematic floristic survey together with opportunistic collecting in the polar desert surrounding Alert (Nunavut, Canada) to update past vascular plant inventories. We recorded 58 species, of which 54 species were recorded over the last seven decades, and four species that are additions to the local flora (Draba pauciflora R. Brown, Festuca edlundiae S.G. Aiken, Consaul, &amp; Lefkovitch, Festuca hyperborea Holmen ex Frederiksen, and &times;Pucciphippsia vacillans (T. Fries) Tzvelev). With the addition of 19 species that were previously reported but not found in our survey, we estimate the species richness in the study area at 77 species.

Differentiation of new coenomorph in context of the Belgard’s ecomorph system development

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
System Development ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, bioecological characteristics of species are the basis for flora and vegetation studying on the different levels. Bioecological characteristics of species is required in process of flora studying on the different levels such as biotopes or phytocenoses, floras of particular areas (floras of ecologically homogeneous habitats), and floras of certain territories. Ramensky scale is the one of first detailed ecological scales on plant species ordination in relation to various environmental factors; it developed in 1938 (Ramensky, 1971). A little later (1941), Pogrebnyak’s scale of forest stands was proposed. Ellenberg’s system developed in 1950 (Ellenberg, 1979) and Tsyganov’s system (Tsyganov, 1975) are best known as the systems of ecological scales on vascular plant species; these systems represent of habitat detection by ecotopic ecomorphs of plant species (phytoindication). Basically, the system proposed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard was the one of first system of plant species that identiified ectomorphs in relation to environmental factors. As early as 1950, Belgard developed the tabulated system of ecomorphs using the Latin ecomorphs abbreviation; he also used the terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), as well as terminology of other authors. The article analyzes the features of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs on vascular plants. It has certain significance and advantages over other systems of ecomorphs. The use of abbreviated Latin names of ecomorphs in tabular form enables the use shortened form of ones. In the working scheme of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs relation of species to environmental factors are represented in the abbreviated Latin alphabetic version (Belgard, 1950). Combined into table, the ecomorphic analysis of plant species within association (ecological certification of species), biotope or area site (water area) gives an explicit pattern on ecological structure of flora within surveyed community, biotope or landscape, and on environmental conditions. Development and application by Belgrard the cenomorphs as «species’ adaptation to phytocenosis as a whole» were completely new in the development of systems of ecomorphs and, in this connection, different coenomorphs were distinguished. Like any concept, the system of ecomorphs by Belgard has the possibility and necessity to be developed and added. Long-time researches and analysis of literature sources allow to propose a new coenomorph in the context of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs development: silvomargoant (species of forest margin, from the Latin words margo – edge, boundary (Dvoretsky, 1976), margo – margin, ad margins silvarum – along the deciduous forest margins). As an example of ecomorphic characterization of species according to the system of ecomorphs by Belgard (when the abbreviated Latin ecomorph names are used in tabular form and the proposed cenomorph is used), it was given the part of the table on vascular plants ecomorphs in the National Nature Park «Orelsky» (Baranovsky et al). The Belgard’s system of ecomorphs is particularly convenient and can be successfully applied to data processing in the ecological analysis of the flora on wide areas with significant species richness, and the proposed ecomorph will be another necessary element in the Belgard’s system of ecomorphs. 

In memory of Vera Antonovna Martynenko (1936-2018)

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Flora

Vera Antonovna Martynenko (17.02.1936–06.01.2018) — famous specialist in the field of studying vascular plant flora and vegetation of the Far North, the Honored worker of the Komi Republic (2006), The Komi Republic State Scientific Award winner (2000). She was born in the town Likhoslavl of the Kali­nin (Tver) region. In 1959, Vera Antonovna graduated from the faculty of soil and biology of the Leningrad State University and then moved to the Komi Branch of USSR Academy of Science (Syktyvkar). From 1969 to 1973 she passed correspondence postgraduate courses of the Komi Branch of USSR Academy of ­Science. In 1974, she received the degree of candidate of biology (PhD) by the theme «Comparative analysis of the boreal flora at the Northeast European USSR» in the Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg). In 1996, Vera Antonovna received the degree of doctor of biology in the Institute of plant and animal ecology (Ekaterinburg) «Flora of the northern and mid subzones of the taiga of the European North-East». The study and conservation of species and coenotical diversity of the plant world, namely the vascular plants flora of the Komi Republic and revealing its transformation under the anthropogenic influence, was in the field of V. A. Martynenko’ scientific interests. She made great contribution to the study of the Komi Republic meadow flora and the pool of medi­cinal plants. She performed inventorying and mapping the meadows of several agricultural enterprises of the Republic, revealed the species composition and places for harvesting medicinal plants and studied their productivity in the natural flora of the boreal zone. The results of her long-term studies were used for making the NPA system and the Red Book of the Komi Republic (1998 and 2009). Vera Antonovna participated in the research of the influence of placer gold mining and oil development on the natural ecosystems of the North, and developed the method of long-term monitoring of plant cover. Results of these works are of high practical value. V. A. Martynenko is an author and coauthor of more than 130 scientific publications. The most important jnes are «Flora of Northeast European USSR» (1974, 1976, and 1977), «Floristic composition of fodder lands of the Northeast Europe» (1989), «The forests of the Komi Republic» (1999), «Forestry of forest resources of the Komi Republic» (2000), «The list of flora of the Yugyd va national park» (2003), «The guide for vascular plants of the Syktyvkar and its vicinities» (2005), «Vascular plants of the Komi Republic» (2008), and «Resources of the natural flora of the Komi Republic» (2014). She also was an author of «Encyclopedia of the Komi Republic» (1997, 1999, and 2000), «Historical and cultural atlas of the Komi Republic» (1997), «Atlas of the Komi Republic» (2001, 2011). V. A. Martynenko made a great contribution to the development of the botanical investigations in the North. Since 1982, during more than 10 years, she was the head of the Department of the Institute of Biology. Three Ph. D. theses have been completed under her leadership. Many years, she worked actively in the Dissertation Council of the Institute of biology Komi Scientific Centre UrB RAS.  The death of Vera Antonovna Martynenko is a heavy and irretrievable loss for the staff of the Institute of Biology. The memory of Vera Antonovna will live in her numerous scientific works, the hearts of students and colleagues.

Additions and clarifications to the flora of “Castel” nature reserve (the Southern Coast of the Crimea)

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
L. E. Ryff
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Protected Natural Area ◽  
Biological Flora

The aim of the work is to supplement and clarify the annotated list of vascular plants of “Castel” nature reserve on the Southern coast of the Crimea. Methods. The work is based on the results of long standing field research, which was carried out by the traditional route-reconnaissance method, analysis of YALT herbarium materials and data from literary and Internet sources. Arealogical and biomorphological characteristics of species are given according to "Biological Flora of the Crimea" by V.N. Golubev, biotope coding according to EUNIS habitat classification. The nomenclature of taxa corresponds to the " Spontaneuos flora of the Crimean peninsula" by A.V. Yena and to international databases Euro+Med PlantBase, The Plant List, Catalog of Life. Results. An additional annotated list of vascular plants of “Castel” nature reserve has been compiled, including 152 species, subspecies and cultivars from 97 genera of 38 families, of which 53 genera and 11 families have also not been cited for this territory before. Arealogical, biomorphological, biotopic and sozological characteristics of the taxa are given. As a result of a critical analysis of the list previously published by E.S. Krainyuk, four species were redefined, two species were proposed to be excluded from the flora of the specially protected natural area, several taxa are considered doubtful. Conclusions. The list of vascular plant taxa in “Castel” nature reserve has been supplemented with 11 families, 53 genera, and 152 species, subspecies, and cultivars; several species from the previously compiled list have been proposed to be excluded or considered doubtful. Thus, the flora of the protected area includes at least 425 species from 68 families. For the first time, the biotopic characteristic of the flora of the reserve was established.

scholarly journals Where we Come from and where to Go: Six Decades of Botanical Studies in the Mediterranean Wetlands, with Sardinia (Italy) as a Case Study

Wetlands ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Cuena-Lombraña ◽  
Mauro Fois ◽  
Annalena Cogoni ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Water Saturated

AbstractPlants are key elements of wetlands due to their evolutionary strategies for coping with life in a water-saturated environment, providing the basis for supporting nearly all wetland biota and habitat structure for other taxonomic groups. Sardinia, the second largest island of the Mediterranean Basin, hosts a great variety of wetlands, of which 16 are included in eight Ramsar sites. The 119 hydro- and hygrophilous vascular plant taxa from Sardinia represent the 42.6% and 37.9% of the number estimated for Italy and Europe, respectively. Moreover, around 30% of Sardinia’s bryological flora, which is made up of 498 taxa, is present in temporary ponds. An overview at regional scale considering algae is not available, to our knowledge, even though several specific studies have contributed to their knowledge. In order to find the most investigated research themes and wetland types, identify knowledge gaps and suggest recommendations for further research, we present a first attempt to outline the work that has been hitherto done on plants in lentic habitats in Sardinia. Three plant groups (algae, bryophytes and vascular plants), and five research themes (conservation, ecology, inventory, palaeobotany and taxonomy) were considered. After a literature review, we retained 202 papers published from 1960 to 2019. We found that studies on vascular plants, as plant group, were disproportionately more numerous, and inventories and ecology were the most investigated research themes. Although efforts have recently been made to fill these long-lasting gaps, there is a need for updating the existing information through innovative methods and integrative approaches.

scholarly journals Carbon for nutrient exchange between Lycopodiella inundata and Mucoromycotina fine root endophytes is unresponsive to high atmospheric CO2

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace A. Hoysted ◽  
Jill Kowal ◽  
Silvia Pressel ◽  
Jeffrey G. Duckett ◽  
Martin I. Bidartondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Isotope Tracers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Endophyte Fungi

AbstractNon-vascular plants associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) and Mucoromycotina ‘fine root endophyte’ (MFRE) fungi derive greater benefits from their fungal associates under higher atmospheric [CO2] (a[CO2]) than ambient; however, nothing is known about how changes in a[CO2] affect MFRE function in vascular plants. We measured movement of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) between the lycophyte Lycopodiella inundata and Mucoromycotina fine root endophyte fungi using 33P-orthophosphate, 15 N-ammonium chloride and 14CO2 isotope tracers under ambient and elevated a[CO2] concentrations of 440 and 800 ppm, respectively. Transfers of 33P and 15 N from MFRE to plants were unaffected by changes in a[CO2]. There was a slight increase in C transfer from plants to MFRE under elevated a[CO2]. Our results demonstrate that the exchange of C-for-nutrients between a vascular plant and Mucoromycotina FRE is largely unaffected by changes in a[CO2]. Unravelling the role of MFRE in host plant nutrition and potential C-for-N trade changes between symbionts under different abiotic conditions is imperative to further our understanding of the past, present and future roles of plant-fungal symbioses in ecosystems.

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