Psoralens on the surface of seeds of Rutaceae and fruits of Umbelliferae and Leguminosae

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja M. Zobel ◽  
Stewart A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Angelica Archangelica ◽  
Heracleum Lanatum ◽  
Very High

Linear furanocoumarins (psoralens) were present both inside and on the surface of dry fruits of seven species of Umbelliferae and one species of the Leguminosae and on seeds of three of Rutaceae examined. Surface concentrations varied between traces and 40 μg/g of the mature fruits or seeds, amounting to 0.38–43% of the total. In the whole fruits concentrations were very high in Angelica archangelica, Heracleum lanatum, Pastinaca saliva, and Psoralea bituminosa, reaching levels of milligrams per gram fresh weight of fruits. This high concentration inside the fruit may be the cause of poor germination of embryos in A. archangelica and H. lanatum. Seeds of the Rutaceae had much smaller concentrations of furanocoumarins both on the surface and within the seed. Key words: fruits, seeds, surface, furanocoumarins, Umbelliferae, Rutaceae, dermatitis, plant defense.

Ground water quality of selected areas of Punjab and Sind Provinces, Pakistan: Chemical and microbiological aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

The assessment of groundwater is essential for the estimation of suitability of water for safe use. An attempt has been made to study the groundwater of selected areas of Punjab (Sheikhupura & Sahiwal) and Sindh (Sindh, Jawar Dharki and Dharki), Pakistan. The results indicate that pH, color and odor were all within limits of WHO that is pH ranges 6.5–8.5, colorless and odorless, respectively. The high values of suspended solids were observed in the Sindh-1 and Dharki samples. Microbiologically only Sahiwal and Jawar Dharki were found fit for drinking purpose. Trace metals analysis of Sheikhupura-1 and Sindh-1 showed that values do not fall within limits of WHO for Iron. The ionic concentration analysis showed that high bicarbonate (HCO3-), ions are present in the samples of Sahiwal and Dharki; Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki samples showed very high concentration for chloride ions, all samples were satisfactory level for sulphate (SO42-), sodium, magnesium and phosphate ions except samples of Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki. High concentration of calcium and potassium ions was observed in samples of Sindh-1, while all other samples were found fit for drinking purposes in respect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions. The high concentration of Fluoride was found only in Sheikhupura-2 samples.

LYCOPENE POWDER PRODUCING FROM GAC FRUIT TOWARDS APPLICATIONS IN NUTRACEUTICAL AND COSMETICS

2016 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Thi Le Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Sinh Do ◽  
Thi Hoa Tran
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Determination ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Key Words Carotenoids

Backgroud: Gac is a fruit containing many antioxidants, especially lycopene, with high concentration. However the variety and value of products from gac are limited. We introduce a modified method to produce lycopene and others carotenoids from gac oil towards available and safe applications in nutraceutical and cosmetics. Materials and method: We study the extraction with different parameters and limit at the saponification of gac oil using less toxic substances such as ethanol, propylene glycol, postasium hydroxide and sodium chlorid. Results: Concentrations of lycopene and β-carotene determined silmutaneously by UVVis spectrophotometer present that the efficiency reaches 65.07% as 20 g of gac oil is saponified with 8 g KOH 12 mol/L in 120 mins. The purity of product is 89.02%. Conclusions: This process could minimize toxic residue in the powder after the precipitation, filtration and washing. Besides, the method is stable and applicable to the mass production. Key words: Carotenoids, Lycopene, safe extraction, UV Vis silmutaneous concentration determination

scholarly journals Near quantitative synthesis of urea macrocycles enabled by bulky N-substituent

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfeng Yang ◽  
Hanze Ying ◽  
Zhixia Li ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Yingying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Kinetic Control ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Thermodynamic Stabilization ◽  
Discrete Structures ◽  
Very High

AbstractMacrocycles are unique molecular structures extensively used in the design of catalysts, therapeutics and supramolecular assemblies. Among all reactions reported to date, systems that can produce macrocycles in high yield under high reaction concentrations are rare. Here we report the use of dynamic hindered urea bond (HUB) for the construction of urea macrocycles with very high efficiency. Mixing of equal molar diisocyanate and hindered diamine leads to formation of macrocycles with discrete structures in nearly quantitative yields under high concentration of reactants. The bulky N-tert-butyl plays key roles to facilitate the formation of macrocycles, providing not only the kinetic control due to the formation of the cyclization-promoting cis C = O/tert-butyl conformation, but also possibly the thermodynamic stabilization of macrocycles with weak association interactions. The bulky N-tert-butyl can be readily removed by acid to eliminate the dynamicity of HUB and stabilize the macrocycle structures.

Small-volume vitrification and rapid warming yield high survivals of one-cell rat embryos in cryotubes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi Fukuda ◽  
Misako Higashiya ◽  
Takahiro Obata ◽  
Keita Basaki ◽  
Megumi Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Ice Formation ◽  
Intracellular Ice ◽  
Warming Rate ◽  
Very High

Abstract To cryopreserve cells, it is essential to avoid intracellular ice formation during cooling and warming. One way to achieve this is to convert the water inside the cells into a non-crystalline glass. It is currently believed that to accomplish this vitrification, the cells must be suspended in a very high concentration (20–40%) of a glass-inducing solute, and subsequently cooled very rapidly. Herein, we report that this belief is erroneous with respect to the vitrification of one-cell rat embryos. In the present study, one-cell rat embryos were vitrified with 5 μL of EFS10 (a mixture of 10% ethylene glycol, 27% Ficoll, and 0.45 M sucrose) in cryotubes at a moderate cooling rate, and warmed at various rates. Survival was assessed according to the ability of the cells to develop into blastocysts and to develop to term. When embryos were vitrified at a 2,613 °C/min cooling rate and thawed by adding 1 mL of sucrose solution (0.3 M, 50 °C) at a warming rate of 18,467 °C/min, 58.1 ± 3.5% of the EFS10-vitrified embryos developed into blastocysts, and 50.0 ± 4.7% developed to term. These rates were similar to those of non-treated intact embryos. Using a conventional cryotube, we achieved developmental capabilities in one-cell rat embryos by rapid warming that were comparable to those of intact embryos, even using low concentrations (10%) of cell-permeating cryoprotectant and at low cooling rates.

scholarly journals Effects of Nocturnal UV-B Irradiation on Growth, Flowering, and Phytochemical Concentration in Leaves of Greenhouse-Grown Red Perilla

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Hideo Yoshida ◽  
Tatsuru Nishikawa ◽  
Shoko Hikosaka ◽  
Eiji Goto
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Phenotypic Quality ◽  
Intermittent Illumination

In Japan, red perilla leaves are used in the food and coloring industries, as well as in crude medicine. Perilla leaves contain a high concentration of phytochemicals such as perillaldehyde (PA) and rosmarinic acid (RA). The effects of UV-B radiation intensity (0.05–0.2 W m−2, UV-BBE: 0.041–0.083 W m−2), duration (3 or 6 h), and irradiation method (continuous or intermittent) for artificial nocturnal lighting using UV-B fluorescent lamps were evaluated on growth, flowering, and leaf phytochemical concentration in greenhouse-grown perilla. Under continuous UV-B irradiation at 0.1 W m−2 for 3 or 6 h, leaf color changed from red to green and leaf fresh weight decreased, compared with the control treatment. No leaf color change was observed under the 3-h treatment with UV-B radiation at 0.05 W m−2, wherein leaf fresh weight was similar to that of the control. Furthermore, RA concentration under continuous UV-B irradiation at 0.05 W m−2 for 3 h increased two-fold compared to that under control treatment, while PA concentration was not affected by UV-B irradiation. Thus, our data showed that continuous UV-B irradiation at 0.05 W m−2 for 3 h could effectively produce RA-rich perilla leaves without reducing in phenotypic quality or productivity. However, a 6-h intermittent illumination inhibited flowering without altering phytochemical concentration.

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate accumulates in green tea and soybean sprouts in response to oxygen deficiency

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L Allan ◽  
C. Peiris ◽  
A. W. Bown ◽  
B. J. Shelp
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Modified Atmospheres ◽  
Soybean Sprouts ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Bean Sprouts

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an illicit drug, which may be derived in plants from a stress-inducible metabolite known as gamma-aminobutyrate. Here, oxygen deficiency caused the accumulation of GHB in green tea and soybean sprouts (76 and 155 nmol g-1 fresh weight, respectively). These findings demonstrate that GHB levels are elevated in severely modified atmospheres, but they pose no risk to human health. Further work is required to assess the extent of this phenomenon. Key words: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-aminobutyrate, oxygen deficiency, tea, bean sprouts

scholarly journals Influence of Abscisic Acid and Sucrose on Somatic Embryogenesis in CactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamostruosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lema-Rumińska ◽  
K. Goncerzewicz ◽  
M. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

Having produced the embryos of cactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamonstruosaat the globular stage and callus, we investigated the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) in the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM on successive stages of direct (DSE) and indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE). In the indirect somatic embryogenesis process we also investigated a combined effect of ABA (0, 0.1, 1 μM) and sucrose (1, 3, 5%). The results showed that a low concentration of ABA (0-1 μM) stimulates the elongation of embryos at the globular stage and the number of correct embryos in direct somatic embryogenesis, while a high ABA concentration (10–100 μM) results in growth inhibition and turgor pressure loss of somatic embryos. The indirect somatic embryogenesis study in this cactus suggests that lower ABA concentrations enhance the increase in calli fresh weight, while a high concentration of 10 μM ABA or more changes calli color and decreases its proliferation rate. However, in the case of indirect somatic embryogenesis, ABA had no effect on the number of somatic embryos and their maturation. Nevertheless, we found a positive effect of sucrose concentration for both the number of somatic embryos and the increase in calli fresh weight.

Diffusion In Insect Wing Muscle, The Most Active Tissue Known

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
TORKEL WEIS-FOGH
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Normal Diffusion ◽  
Large Fibre ◽  
Very High

1. The tracheal system of insect wing muscle is so dense that between 10-1 and 10-3 of any cut area is occupied by air tubes. In most cases, air tube diffusion of O2 and CO2 through the muscle is therefore several thousand times quicker than diffusion in the liquid phase. 2. In large insects the primary tracheal supply must be strongly ventilated while diffusion is sufficient in the remaining part of the air tubes, even at the highest metabolic rates encountered in any insect. 3. The tracheoles represent the main site of exchange between the gaseous and the liquid phase while the tracheae are of little significance in this respect. The fibres cannot exceed about 20 µ in diameter unless the tracheoles indent the surface and become ‘internal’. 4. Muscular pumping of air and blood due to shortening is of little importance for the exchange of gases but of major importance for the supply with fuel for combustion. However, the large fibre diameters and the tidal nature of the pumping necessitates a very high concentration of fuel in the haemolymph. The high concentration of trehalose in insect blood is considered to be an essential adaptation to flapping flight. 5. The transport by diffusion of O2 and CO2 was followed in detail in a number of concrete examples in the gaseous as well as in the liquid phase. Within a safety factor of 2-3, the rate of transport was always found to be adequate. There is no reason to suggest other mechanisms than a simple, normal diffusion.

Vaporization and Ultra-Fine Particle Generation during the Plasma Spraying Process

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Gross ◽  
P. Fauchais ◽  
M. Vardelle ◽  
J. Tikkanen ◽  
J. Keskinen
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Thermal Spray Process ◽  
Particle Generation ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
Ultra Fine Particle ◽  
Fast Cooling ◽  
Ultra Fine Particles ◽  
Plasma Spraying Process ◽  
Very High

Abstract The thermal spray process melts powder at very high temperatures and propels the molten material to the substrate to produce a coherent deposit. This heating produces a certain amount of vaporization of the feedstock. Upon exiting the plasma plume the fast cooling conditions lead to condensation of the vapor. An electrical low pressure impactor was used to monitor the concentration of ultra-fine particles at various radial and axial distances. Metal, namely iron powder, showed very high concentration levels which increase with distance. Ultra-fine particles from ZrO2-8Y2O3 reached a peak concentration at 6 cm. Use of an air barrier during spraying decreases the population of ultra-fine particles facilitating the production of a stronger coating.

scholarly journals Organogenesis of Dendrobium Orchid Using Traditional Media and Organic Extracts

1970 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
KM Nasiruddin ◽  
ABM Khaldun
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
The Media ◽  
Basal Media ◽  
Weight Number

The study was undertaken with a view to investigate the effects of different basal media and organic extracts on organogenesis of Dendrobium orchid. Protocorm like bodies (PLBs) were cultured in Knudson C (KC), Vacin and Went (VW), half strength Murashige and Skoog (½MS) and New Phalaenopsis (NP) media supplemented with Sabri banana pulp (Sb), Charcoal (C) and Coconut water (Cw) organic extracts. KC, VW, ½MS and NP media significantly influenced the plantlet regeneration of Dendrobium orchid. Among the media, ½MS showed better performance on fresh weight, number PLBs, shoots and leaves per plantlet, The longest shoots were found in KC medium and maximum length of leaves was found in both KC and ½MS media. In case of different organic extracts Sb showed significantly better performance on fresh weights of PLBs, number of shoot and leaves per explant, length of shoots and leaves. Key words: Organogenesis, Dendrobium, media, organic extracts. DOI = 10.3329/jard.v5i1.1454 J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 30-35, June 2007

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