scholarly journals Effects of Nocturnal UV-B Irradiation on Growth, Flowering, and Phytochemical Concentration in Leaves of Greenhouse-Grown Red Perilla

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Hideo Yoshida ◽  
Tatsuru Nishikawa ◽  
Shoko Hikosaka ◽  
Eiji Goto
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Phenotypic Quality ◽  
Intermittent Illumination

In Japan, red perilla leaves are used in the food and coloring industries, as well as in crude medicine. Perilla leaves contain a high concentration of phytochemicals such as perillaldehyde (PA) and rosmarinic acid (RA). The effects of UV-B radiation intensity (0.05–0.2 W m−2, UV-BBE: 0.041–0.083 W m−2), duration (3 or 6 h), and irradiation method (continuous or intermittent) for artificial nocturnal lighting using UV-B fluorescent lamps were evaluated on growth, flowering, and leaf phytochemical concentration in greenhouse-grown perilla. Under continuous UV-B irradiation at 0.1 W m−2 for 3 or 6 h, leaf color changed from red to green and leaf fresh weight decreased, compared with the control treatment. No leaf color change was observed under the 3-h treatment with UV-B radiation at 0.05 W m−2, wherein leaf fresh weight was similar to that of the control. Furthermore, RA concentration under continuous UV-B irradiation at 0.05 W m−2 for 3 h increased two-fold compared to that under control treatment, while PA concentration was not affected by UV-B irradiation. Thus, our data showed that continuous UV-B irradiation at 0.05 W m−2 for 3 h could effectively produce RA-rich perilla leaves without reducing in phenotypic quality or productivity. However, a 6-h intermittent illumination inhibited flowering without altering phytochemical concentration.

scholarly journals Use of antioxidants in minimally processed potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
L.M. Garcia-Procaccini; S.B. Capezio
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Browning ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Color Changes

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a vegetable with an important nutritional value that can be marketed as minimally processed. The  life of these products is reduced by enzymatic browning. The high concentration of phenolic compounds gives antioxidant activity, while they are substrates for the enzymes responsible for enzymatic browning. The objective of this work was to analyze the total phenol content and the enzymatic browning of minimally processed products of three potato varieties using an antioxidant treatment (ascorbic acid and citric acid) and a control treatment, during 15 days of storage at 4 C. Innovator, was the variety that showed the least color change during storage, although it was characterized by a low content of total phenols. Newen INTA was the one that best responded to the antioxidant treatment, keeping totally acceptable products for 15 days, without perceptible color changes. Spunta was the variety with the highest total phenolic content, without showing a noticeable color change during storage with the addition of antioxidants.

A comparison of preharvest and postharvest ethylene production and respiration rates of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) fruit during development

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Suzy Y Rogiers ◽  
N Richard Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Maturity Class

Changes in respiration and ethylene production rates of nine maturity classes of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt.) fruit after harvest were compared with those of fruit maturing and ripening on the plant. During ripening on the plant, ethylene production increased on a whole-fruit and fresh-weight basis, while respiration increased substantially on a whole-fruit basis but remained constant on a fresh-weight basis. Fruit harvested at the greenish yellow to pink stages (maturity classes four and five, respectively) increased their ethylene production until 15-20 h after harvest, and this was coincident with ripening to maturity class seven and thus a color change to red. Ethylene production then declined over the next 15 h. Respiration rates of harvested immature, mature, and ripe fruits declined over 5 days, except for a relatively brief 8-12% rise starting 15-20 h after harvest. This brief increase in respiration was characteristic of fruit of all maturity classes, likely reflecting a wound response associated with harvest rather than a ripening-induced change in metabolism. Continuous treatment of attached or detached fruit with propylene or ethylene in an open airflow system did not induce an increase in respiration earlier, relative to control fruit. The respiratory response of saskatoon fruit during postharvest ripening was thus very different from that of fruit that ripened on the plant. Thus, the increase in respiration associated with ripening could only be demonstrated on a whole-fruit basis if fruit remained on the plant. Preharvest and postharvest changes in ethylene production during ripening also differed but were both consistent with climacteric ripening.Key words: Amelanchier alnifolia, ethylene, ripening, saskatoon fruit.

scholarly journals Influence of Abscisic Acid and Sucrose on Somatic Embryogenesis in CactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamostruosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lema-Rumińska ◽  
K. Goncerzewicz ◽  
M. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

Having produced the embryos of cactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamonstruosaat the globular stage and callus, we investigated the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) in the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM on successive stages of direct (DSE) and indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE). In the indirect somatic embryogenesis process we also investigated a combined effect of ABA (0, 0.1, 1 μM) and sucrose (1, 3, 5%). The results showed that a low concentration of ABA (0-1 μM) stimulates the elongation of embryos at the globular stage and the number of correct embryos in direct somatic embryogenesis, while a high ABA concentration (10–100 μM) results in growth inhibition and turgor pressure loss of somatic embryos. The indirect somatic embryogenesis study in this cactus suggests that lower ABA concentrations enhance the increase in calli fresh weight, while a high concentration of 10 μM ABA or more changes calli color and decreases its proliferation rate. However, in the case of indirect somatic embryogenesis, ABA had no effect on the number of somatic embryos and their maturation. Nevertheless, we found a positive effect of sucrose concentration for both the number of somatic embryos and the increase in calli fresh weight.

scholarly journals Evaluación de medios de cultivo, para vivero de café Coffea arabica L. variedad caturra.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Flor De María Argueta ◽  
Rocio Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Monroig
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nutritional Analysis ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

We evaluated five commercial mixtures against a control treatment consisting of a mixture of soil, sugar cane sludge and silt, which is commonly used in the production of coffee trees in nurseries. The cultivation of coffee trees in the mixture made of perlite, vermiculate and peat moss, was similar to that of plants grown in the control treatment. We detected significant differences in stem diameter and in the fresh weight of foliage. The nutritional analysis of the leaves showed significant differences in K, Mg and Mn contento The levels of the two last elements were significantly lower in the control treatment 

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficiency of Foliar Nutrient with the Chemical Fertilizer of Super Swing and Whey in some Growth Parameters and Concentration of Certain Nutrients of Transplants of Sour Orange Citrus aurantium L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 282-290
Author(s):  
Nada A. El-Qatrani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Metabolic Performance

This study was carried out in the nursery of Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah during 2018 growing season. Completely randomized blocks design (C.R.B.D.)  was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of super swing (0, 0.5 and 1) g.l-1 and whey (0, 50 and 75) % and their interactions to enhance the growth parameters and chemical characteristics of Sour orange transplants. The results showed a significant increase in most of the measured growth parameters of transplants treated with high concentration of foliar spraying to both fertilizers. Application of super swing at 1 g.l-1 with whey at 75% together significantly increased the height of plant, the number of leaves, leaf area, the diameter of stem, number of flowers, the leaves content of both nitrogen and potassium, percentage of dry matter, and content of chlorophyll. Whereas, control treatment was significantly increased the water content compared to other treatments. Addition of growth-enhancing compounds such as super swing and whey extract to the plant can improve the metabolic performance and enhances the plant's ability to absorb nutrients from the soil.

scholarly journals Physiological and Productivity Responses of High-wire Tomato as Affected by Supplemental Light Source and Distribution within the Canopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Gómez ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Use Efficiency

The relative coolness-to-touch of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has enabled commercial implementation of intracanopy lighting (ICL) in the greenhouse. Intracanopy lighting, which refers to the strategy of lighting along the side or from within the foliar canopy, can increase canopy photosynthetic activity, but physiological and productivity responses of high-wire greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to intracanopy supplemental lighting (SL) still are not yet fully understood. Two consecutive production experiments were conducted across seasons in a glass-glazed greenhouse located in a midnorthern, continental climate [lat. 40°N (West Lafayette, IN)]. Plants were grown from winter-to-summer [increasing solar daily light integral (DLI)] and from summer-to-winter (decreasing solar DLI) to compare three SL strategies for high-wire tomato production across changing solar DLIs: top lighting with high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) vs. intracanopy LED vertical towers vs. hybrid SL (HPS + horizontal ICL-LEDs). A control treatment also was included for which no SL was provided. Supplemental DLI for each experimental period was adjusted monthly, to complement seasonal changes in sunlight, aiming to approach a target total DLI of 25 mol·m‒2·d‒1 during fruit set. Harvest parameters (total fruit fresh weight, number of fruit harvested, and average cluster fresh weight), tissue temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, and stomatal conductance (gS) were unaffected by SL treatment in both experiments. Among the physiological parameters evaluated, CO2 assimilation measured under light-saturating conditions, light-limited quantum-use efficiency, and maximum gross CO2 assimilation (Amax) proved to be good indicators of how ICL reduces the top-to-bottom decline in leaf photosynthetic activity otherwise measured with top lighting only (HPS-SL or solar). Although SL generally increased fruit yield relative to control, lack of SL treatment differences among harvest parameters indicates that higher crop photosynthetic activity did not increase fruit yield. Compared with control, intracanopy SL increased yield to the same extent as top SL, but the remaining photoassimilate from ICL most likely was partitioned to maintain nonharvested, vegetative plant parts as well.

scholarly journals Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Integrated Analysis of Acer mandshuricum to Reveal Candidate Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Accumulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikai Zhang ◽  
Wang Zhan ◽  
Anran Sun ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Zhiming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Red Color

Abstract The red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in leaf color change periods in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin bio-synthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.

scholarly journals Combate integrado de la pudrición radical de la papaya (Phytophthora sp.) a nivel de vivero.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenín Ramírez ◽  
Alfredo Durán ◽  
Dennis Mora
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The University

The effect of several strategies - alone and integrated - on the control of the Phytophthora sp. fungae, which causes radical rotting of papaya fruits, was evaluated under nursery conditions. The experiment took place between August 1994 and March 1995 at the University of Costa Rica's Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit, located in Alajuela, Costa Rica. The treatments applied were: sun heat for 30 days; organic fertilizer made from hen droppings; etridiazole fungicide; and the following combinations: sun heat + etridiazole + organic fertilizer; etridiazole + organic fertilizer; sun heat + etridiazole; sun heat + etridiazole + organic fertilizer, and finally, an inoculated control treatment. Soil rows were made, and then they were innoculated with the pathogenic agent, and finally the aforementioned treatments were applied. The treated soils were bagged separately. The Solo Sunrise Hawaiian variety was planted in bags. The percentage of gerrnination, stem diameter at soillevel, plant height, radical system fresh weight, and severity of radical rotting were evaluated three months later. In addition, the effect of the treatments on beneficent soil microorganism populations (actinomyces, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi) was evaluated, as well as those of pathogenic populations. Organic fertilizer increased plant strength. All treatments affected germination; the innoculated control had the greatest germination percentage. Treatments containing organic fertilizer affected germination most.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Different Combinations of Phytohormones on Callus Induction from Different Explants of Cabbage Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L. Seedlings

2021 ◽  
pp. 3476-3486
Author(s):  
Alaa. M. Hasan ◽  
Ekhlas. A.J. ElKaaby ◽  
Rakad. M.Kh. AL-Jumaily
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Superior Result ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vitro Effects

    The leading purpose of this work is the development of efficient culture conditions to induce calli from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) under in vitro conditions. The mature seeds were surface sterilized with combinations of different concentrations of ethanol and NaOCl in different time durations and  were germinated on MS basal medium. The results revealed that the best sterilization method of cabbage seeds was by using 70% ethanol for one minute, followed by 15 min in 2% (NaOCl). Seedlings were used as donor sources for hypocotyls, cotyledon leaves, true leaves, and shoot tip explants. These explants were cultured on different combinations of cytokinins (TDZ, BAP, Ad) and auxins (IAA, NAA, 2, 4-D) then implanted in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. 4 weeks after culturing, a significant difference was found among the explants in response to plant hormones. The maximum percentage of callus induction (100%) was using the combinations of 1 BAP + 1 2, 4-D, 1 BAP + 1 NAA, and 1 BAP + 2 2,4-D mg. l-1. In addition, explants responses varied and the hypocotyls showed a superior result (85.71 %) as compared to other explants. For callus fresh weight, the combination of 0.22 TDZ + 79.9 Ad mg. l-1    had a significant effect, causing the highest fresh weight (0.2745g), while control treatment gave the lowest mean of 0.0066 g. Data showed that cotyledon explants were significantly superior in giving highest callus fresh weight with the mean of 0.1723 g. On the other hand, hypocotyl explants gave the lowest mean, reaching 0.1542 g.

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