Use of a three-dimensional scanner for shrinkage curve tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Wong ◽  
David Elwood ◽  
Delwyn G. Fredlund
Keyword(s):  
Void Ratio ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Shrinkage Curve ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Individual Specimen ◽  
Curve Equation ◽  
Different Soils

A procedure is proposed for conducting shrinkage limit tests using a three-dimensional (3D) scanner. Shrinkage limit tests were conducted on 27 different soils of varying plasticity. In this study only eight of the shrinkage curves were determined using 3D scanning techniques, while the remaining 19 were taken from literature. An individual specimen was scanned between 30 and 50 times to produce a high-resolution shrinkage curve. Shrinkage curves for each material were obtained by curve fitting a shrinkage model to the measured dataset. The primary intent of the research was to relate the shrinkage curve equation to the plasticity of a given soil. Using linear regression analysis, an empirical correlation was developed to reasonably relate parameter csh from the shrinkage model to the ratio of the plastic and liquid limits. The shrinkage curves produced based on the model have an average difference of ∼1.2% in terms of measured void ratio and predicted void ratio. The method was demonstrated to be robust for materials of low, medium, and high plasticity. The proposed methodology also presents a means of estimating a shrinkage curve in its entirety based solely on the volume of an air-dried sample, the specific gravity, and Atterberg limits of the specimen. This effectively reduces the amount of work needed to derive the shrinkage curve and could potentially reduce the time for a shrinkage limit test by half or more.

scholarly journals Structured-light 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothing—a first-ever methodical trial and its results

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽  
Marek Miłosz ◽  
Jacek Kęsik ◽  
Kamil Żyła
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
3D Scanners

AbstractHistorical costumes are part of cultural heritage. Unlike architectural monuments, they are very fragile, which exacerbates the problems of their protection and popularisation. A big help in this can be the digitisation of their appearance, preferably using modern techniques of three-dimensional representation (3D). The article presents the results of the search for examples and methodologies of implementing 3D scanning of exhibited historical clothes as well as the attendant problems. From a review of scientific literature it turns out that so far practically no one in the world has made any methodical attempts at scanning historical clothes using structured-light 3D scanners (SLS) and developing an appropriate methodology. The vast majority of methods for creating 3D models of clothes used photogrammetry and 3D modelling software. Therefore, an innovative approach was proposed to the problem of creating 3D models of exhibited historical clothes through their digitalisation by means of a 3D scanner using structural light technology. A proposal for the methodology of this process and concrete examples of its implementation and results are presented. The problems related to the scanning of 3D historical clothes are also described, as well as a proposal how to solve them or minimise their impact. The implementation of the methodology is presented on the example of scanning elements of the Emir of Bukhara's costume (Uzbekistan) from the end of the nineteenth century, consisting of the gown, turban and shoes. Moreover, the way of using 3D models and information technologies to popularise cultural heritage in the space of digital resources is also discussed.

scholarly journals Accuracy of guided surgery using the silicon impression and digital impression method for the mandibular free end: a comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koudai Nagata ◽  
Kei Fuchigami ◽  
Noriyuki Hoshi ◽  
Mihoko Atsumi ◽  
Katsuhiko Kimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Impression ◽  
Angular Deviation ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Guided Surgery ◽  
Guide Plate ◽  
Implant Treatment

Abstract Background Implant treatment using guided surgery is becoming widespread in clinical dental practice. Furthermore, the development of digital technology has enabled the use of intraoral scanners (IOSs) to fabricate surgical guide plates. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of guided surgery using the silicone impression method with a three-dimensional (3D) scanner and the digital impression method with IOS for one side of the mandibular free end. In addition, we compared the accuracy of tooth-supported vs tooth/mucosa-supported surgical guide plates. Results The accuracy of the tooth-supported surgical guide plate using the new IOS method instead of the method of obtaining impressions with conventional silicone resulted in better measurements of 3D deviation at the crest, 3D deviation at the apex, and angular deviation. In terms of the accuracy of the tooth/mucosa-supported surgical guide plate, there were no significant differences in all measurements. The surgical guide plate using an IOS and the tooth/mucosa-supported surgical guide plate may enable more accurate guided surgery. Conclusion Tooth/mucosa-supported guided surgery involving preparation with an IOS may result in more accurate implant surgery.

Analysis of Three Dimensional Nonlinear Coupled Finite Element Based on some Concrete Rock-Fill Dam

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 522-525
Author(s):  
Juan Juan Jin ◽  
Min He ◽  
Peng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Rock Fill ◽  
Arching Effect ◽  
Earth Core ◽  
Gravel Soil ◽  
High Plasticity Clay ◽  
The Difference

As the future highest dam in the world, Shuang Jiang Kou rock-fill dam was the water retaining structure of homonymous hydropower station, a controlling engineering on Da Du River hydropower development, which is under design now. This dam is a central earth core dam with a height of 312 meters. A type of gravel soil stiffer than clay, which is made by artificial compounding of clay and gravel, is introduced to reduce the difference in displacement of earth core and rock filled shell zone. Because of the introduced less flexible central core, a more remarkable arching effect of the abutment on earth core might occur simultaneously. A three dimensional coupled nonlinear finite element analysis is carried out to study the three dimensional arching effect of Shuang Jiang Kou rock-fill dam. Computation results show that the arching effect is much notable. Then an innovation is proposed in design, in which a contact high-plasticity clay layer is introduced. It is verified that this innovation is effective and necessary.

scholarly journals Characterizing Patients with Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction Using Kinematic Variability and Local Dynamic Stability during Treadmill Walking

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Qiuhong Huang ◽  
Yongkang Ou ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Rong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Dynamic ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Vestibular Hypofunction ◽  
Local Dynamic Stability

Here, we aimed to compare the unstable gait caused by unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) with the normal gait. Twelve patients with UVH and twelve age-matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. Thirty-four markers were attached to anatomical positions of each participant, and a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system was used to capture marker coordinates as the participants walked on a treadmill. The mean standard deviation of the rotation angles was used to represent gait variability. To explore gait stability, local dynamic stability was calculated from the trunk trajectory. The UVH group had wider step width and greater variability of roll rotation at the hip than the control group (P<0.05). Also, the UVH group had lower local dynamic stability in the medial-lateral (ML) direction than the control group (P<0.05). By linear regression analysis, we identified a linear relationship between the short-term Lyapunov exponent and vestibular functional asymmetry. The result implies that UVH-induced asymmetry can increase posture variability and gait instability. This study demonstrates the potential for using kinematic parameters to quantitatively evaluate the severity of vestibular functional asymmetry. Further studies will be needed to explore the clinical effectiveness of such approaches.

Three-Dimensional Accuracy Evaluation of Two Additive Manufacturing Processes in the Production of Dental Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Victor Burde ◽  
Cristina Gasparik ◽  
Sorana Baciu ◽  
Marius Manole ◽  
Diana Dudea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Accuracy Evaluation ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Dental Models

In the current orthodontic and prosthodontics practice, study models made of plaster are being used to provide a three-dimensional view of the patient’s occlusion and allow the clinician to analyze, diagnose, or monitor anomalies. With the introduction of intraoral and extra oral digital impressions, it is now possible to obtain digital study models of the patients’ dental arches. Digital models can be obtained in a physical hardcopy via 3D printing or rapid prototyping. Although, professional 3D printers require a high initial set-up cost, low cost 3D printers can provide similar quality products. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of physical dental models reconstructed from digital data by two rapid prototyping techniques. For this purpose twenty mandibular and maxillary conventional plaster models from randomly chosen subjects were selected and served as the gold standard. The casts were digitized using a 3D scanner and .stl surface models were acquired; the virtual model was adjusted for reconstruction using dedicated software, thus obtaining the CAD model of the casts. The CAD models were reconstructed using a 3D fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer, a RepRap FDM printer and an inverted stereolithography printer. The reconstructed models were digitized using a laboratory 3D scanner and the resulting Mesh datasets were compared with the CAD model using inspection software. The mean systematic differences for the 3D comparison of the reconstructed models were 0.207 mm for the stereolithography models, 0.156 mm for the FDM models, and 0.128 mm for the RepRap models. Although a technology proved the ability to manufacture a dental model with accentuated morphology, the results demonstrate that replicas of plaster casts are influenced by problems linked to the size of the detail to be reproduced, which is often similar to or finer than the fabrication layer.

Analysis of the Sintered Porous Brick Wall Insulation Performance Using Different Ways Masonry

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 550-554
Author(s):  
Jian Long Liu ◽  
Jie Nan Xie ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Mu Ye Huang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Equivalent Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Insulation Effect ◽  
Heat Transfers ◽  
Insulation Performance

Through the three-dimensional heat transfers numerical simulation of eight kinds with the different number of holes, void ratio and arrangement of sintered shale porous brick (size: 240mm×190mm×90mm), which simulate the sintered porous brick under two different laying way that is 240mm wall and 190mm wall of equivalent thermal conductivity. The result shows: the same kind of porous brick as 240mm wall and 190mm wall, when the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient has phased difference that the wall insulation effect is obviously different. Through the analysis of two different methods of the masonry wall thermal insulation performance of the influence by different reasons, targeted to put forward some suggestions in order to improve calorific performance of the wall.

scholarly journals Feeding head of relative rotary based on EDEM+FLUENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401878482
Author(s):  
Sun Xiaoxia ◽  
Meng Wenjun ◽  
Yuan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Fluent Simulation ◽  
Physical Prototype ◽  
Work Mechanism ◽  
Curve Equation

This article takes an efficient feeding head as the research object to study its work mechanism and perform dynamics analysis of the materials in the feeding head. In addition, this article obtains the physical prototype of a three-dimensional model and the feeding surface equation through the surface data of the feeding head and investigates different unfold lines of the feeding surface. In addition, this article recommends a curve equation of the feeding head under different friction coefficients through EDEM + FLUENT simulation analysis and conducts a research on transport and feeding quantity to deduce the equation for the transport quantity of the feeding head. Finally, the verity of the preceding curve equation and transport quantity is confirmed, which has important guiding significance for the feeding head design.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Object from Two-Dimensional Images by Utilizing Distance Regularized Level Algorithm and Mesh Object Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 0899
Author(s):  
Samera Shams Hussei ◽  
Sukaina Sh Altyar ◽  
Lubab Ahmed Tawfeeq ◽  
Eman S. Harba
Keyword(s):  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Object A ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Dimensional Object

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from images is a most beneficial method of object regeneration by using a photo-realistic way that can be used in many fields. For industrial fields, it can be used to visualize the cracks within alloys or walls. In medical fields, it has been used as 3D scanner to reconstruct some human organs such as internal nose for plastic surgery or to reconstruct ear canal for fabricating a hearing aid device, and others. These applications need high accuracy details and measurement that represent the main issue which should be taken in consideration, also the other issues are cost, movability, and ease of use which should be taken into consideration. This work has presented an approach for design and constructed a low-cost three-dimensional object scanner. We have proposed a 3D canal reconstruction system (ear or nose) based on using 2D images for reconstruction 3D object. A low-cost EndoScope with a proposed program based upon utilized the segmentation algorithm type “Distance Regularized Level” to segment active edges from images then generate mesh object in order to generate 3D structure for small canals or cracks. The results show good accuracy of the reconstructed object in both details and their measurements which are related to the success in the reconstruction of algorithm that yields good three-dimensional meshes object.  

scholarly journals Technical Assessment of Historic Buildings on The Basis of Information Obtained from a Three-Dimensional Point Clouds / Ocena Stanu Technicznego Budynków Zabytkowych w Oparciu o Dane Uzyskane z Trójwymiarowej Chmury Punktów

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna A. Pawłowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Szafranko
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
Short Time

Abstract 3D scanning is the most modern method of unlimited possibilities based on laser technology. Its main advantage is the speed of obtaining large amounts of data in a very short time, which gives a huge advantage over existing methods of the measuring. Scanning provides opportunities for use in engineering works, geodetic and the inventory of buildings and objects of a high complexity, as well as in studies of damage or deformation of the structure. 3D scanner is a device, which with high accuracy collects data about the shape and texture of the tested object and its surroundings in the form of a point cloud.

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