scholarly journals Seed germination, salt-stress tolerance, and the effect of nitrate on three Tyrrhenian coastal species of the Silene mollissima aggregate (Caryophyllaceae)

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 881-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Murru ◽  
Andrea Santo ◽  
Carol Piazza ◽  
Laetitia Hugot ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Optimum Period ◽  
Alternating Temperature

The Silene mollissima (L.) Pers. aggregate is part of section Siphonomorpha Otth. and currently comprises 11 narrow endemic species of the Western Mediterranean Basin. Three of these taxa (S. velutina Pourr. ex Loisel, S. ichnusae Brullo, De Marco & De Marco f., and S. badaroi Breistr.) have a distribution range centred in the northern Tyrrhenian area and occurring in coastal habitats. Inter- and intra-specific variability in the responses to light, constant (5–25 °C) and alternating temperatures (25/10 °C), salt (NaCl, 0–600 mmol/L), and levels of nitrate (KNO3, 20 mmol/L) under salt stress, as well as recovery of seed germination were evaluated for these species to more effectively support their in-situ and ex-situ conservation. Our results highlighted that the seeds of these three taxa were nondormant, and that light significantly improved their rate of germination, which was higher (>80%) at low temperatures (5–15 °C) and under the alternating temperature regime (25/10 °C), but decreased significantly at the highest temperature tested (25 °C). Seeds from Silene velutina and S. ichnusae germinated in up to 300 mmol/L NaCl, and S. badaroi germinated in up to 100 mmol/L. For all of the species except S. badaroi, salt did not affect seed viability, and recovery germination did not decrease with increasing salinity and temperature. Interpopulation variability, both in salt tolerance and recovery germination, was detected for S. velutina. The addition of KNO3 did not affect germination or recovery germination under salt conditions. The lack of effect from KNO3 suggests that nutrient availability is not a requirement for seed germination in these species. Our results show that all species experience an optimum period of germination during autumn–winter, which is when water availability is highest and soil salinity levels are minimal because of the Mediterranean rainfalls, but seeds from S. velutina and S. ichnusae will germinate up until spring.

scholarly journals Seed germination at different stratification temperatures and development of Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pavón seedlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Alberto do Nascimento Ferreira ◽  
Daniel Felipe de Oliveira Gentil
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Alternating Temperature

Abstract: Phytelephas macrocarpa (ivory palm) is an Amazonian palm vulnerable to exploitation pressure, as its seeds are widely used in regional handicrafts. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of different stratification temperatures in overcoming seed dormancy and to analyze the seedling development stages of this species. In germination under stratification, the seeds were placed in plastic bags containing moistened vermiculite, and maintained at the constant temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C, and an alternating temperature from 26 to 40 °C. In the study about the development of seedlings, seeds were sown in vermiculite under plastic cover (growing house), and the evolution of the seedling was evaluated, from the formation of germinative button to the complete blade expansion of the first eophyll. Stratification at alternating temperatures (26 to 40 °C) helped overcoming seed dormancy. Stratification at 25 °C kept the seed viability for nine months. Germination, characterized by the formation of the germinative button took an average of 114 ± 24 days, and the seedling development until the first extended eophyll lasted 244 ± 57 days.

scholarly journals The impact of temperature patterns during storage of Scots pine and Norway spruce seeds on their germination and fungal infection rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
M. A. Nikolaeva ◽  
E. Yu. Varentsova ◽  
G. F. Safina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the study. One of the ways to maintain the genetic diversity of forest-forming species is to preserve highquality seed material ex situ. However, the relationship between the diversity of pathogenic mycobiota and the duration and methods of forest tree seed storage remains underexplored. The results of research into this problem can be used in forest seed production and forest phytopathology.Materials and methods. For our study we used seeds ofРinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. of the orthodox type, harvested in the period of 1996–2011 and stored under different temperatures: +20°С, +4°С, –18°С, and in liquid nitrogen vapor (–182°С) since 2011. Prior to their storage, seed samples were dried to a moisture content of 4.2–4.4% and hermetically packed. Seed germination was tested before and after three, five and eight years of storage, following GOST 13056.6-97 standards. The level of seed infection and the composition of pathogenic fungi were assessed.Results. After eight years of storage at +20°С, pine and spruce seed germination capacity decreased by 13–60%, depending on the year of harvesting. Seed storage at –18°С and –182°С allowed us to prevent seed infection and preserve seed viability. In most cases, the germination energy and germination capacity were negatively correlated with the level of seed infection. The diversity of pathogenic (mold) fungi on the surface of seeds was represented by ten genera; the most common were saprotrophs: Aspergillus P. Micheli, Penicillium Link, Rhizopus Ehrenb., Scopulariopsis Bainier.Conclusion. At the present stage of research, the success of seed storage at low and ultralow temperatures was demonstrated. We recommend cryopreservation for the long-term storage of improved and valuable seeds.

Comparison of germination responses of cultivated wheat ( Triticum ) and its wild relative ( Aegilops ) species under salinity, temperature and light

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yildiz ◽  
E. Kasap
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Wild Wheat ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Alternating Temperature

The seed germination of bread ( Triticum aestivum cv. Bezostaya 1 and Ceyhan 99) and durum ( Triticum durum cv. Diyarbakır 81 and Fırat 93) wheat species and their wild relative species ( Aegilops biuncialis and Ae. triuncialis ) was compared at two light levels, nine NaCl concentrations and three alternating temperature regimes. No seeds germinated at 675 mmol/L NaCl. The highest seed germination (100%) of cultivated wheat cultivars was noted in the control at 15/25°C and 20/30°C, and that of wild wheat species in both the control and the 150 mmol/L NaCl treatment under all temperature regimes. The seed germination of bread and durum wheat cultivars was completely inhibited at or above 450 and 375 mmol/L NaCl, respectively. No Ae. biuncialis seeds germinated at 600 mmol/L NaCl, while seeds of Ae. triuncialis germinated at this concentration (38.9%) only at 20/30°C in darkness. The inhibitory effect of light on germination in all genotypes was determined in some salinity levels at 15/25°C. The optimal germination treatment for all genotypes was 15/25°C temperature regime and darkness. The inhibitory effect of high salinity on germination was greater at 25/35°C than at 15/25°C or 20/30°C. In salinity and temperature interactions, the seeds of wild wheat species were found to be more tolerant than those of wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Salinity on the germination of seed and index of germination speed of three ornamental species

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Marcos Vieira Ferraz ◽  
Claudenir Facincani Franco ◽  
Gisele Sales Batista ◽  
Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Torenia Fournieri ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Petunia X Hybrida ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Ornamental Species

Salinity is a factor that interferes on seed germination in most species. The objective of this work was to study the effects of different concentrations of NaCl on the emergence and vigor of Petunia x hybrida hort. Vilm E. ex., Torenia fournieri Lind and Tagetes patula L. seedlings. The experimental design was entirely randomized with five treatments (five concentrations of NaCl: zero, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) and four replications of 50 seeds, for each species. The seeds were germinated in germitest paper at the alternating temperature of 20-30°C. Emergence (%) and Emergence Rate (ER) were performed daily until 14 days. Salt stress caused negative effects on the emergence and vigor on seedlings of these three ornamentals species.

scholarly journals Seed Germination of Five Populations of Rhododendron vaseyi: Influence of Light and Temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Cary J. Hebert ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Anthony V. LeBude
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Total Darkness ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Entire Distribution

Abstract Seeds from five populations of Rhododendron vaseyi A. Gray (pinkshell azalea), representing the entire distribution of the species, were germinated at 25C (77F) or an 8/16-hr thermoperiod of 30/20C (86/68F) with daily photoperiods at each temperature of 0 (total darkness), 8, 12, or 24-hr (continuous light). Germination was recorded every 3 days for 30 days. Responses to light and temperature of all populations were similar. Light was required for germination regardless of temperature. As photoperiod increased, germination increased for all populations with the alternating temperature partially compensating for the light requirement. The highest cumulative germination for all populations ranged from 51 to 67% and was achieved at 30/20C with a 24-hr photoperiod. These germination percentages, although at a moderate level, were due in part to rigorous cleaning and grading of seeds collected across a broad range of plants and growing conditions prior to initiation of the study, suggesting seed viability of R. vaseyi is inherently low.

scholarly journals Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-711
Author(s):  
KAROLINE APARECIDA FELIX RIBEIRO ◽  
CRISTIAN MADEIRA DE MEDEIROS ◽  
JOSÉ ÁNGEL SÁNCHEZ-AGUDO ◽  
JOSÉ SÁNCHEZ-SÁNCHEZ
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. Ribeiro KAF, Madeira de Medeiros C, Agudo JAS, Sánchez JS. 2019. Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Strategies to halt the decline of biodiversity include: in-situ and ex-situ conservation, the latter already considered at the global level essential in conservation programs. The results of the germinative responses of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero (Cyperaceae), an endemic Spanish endangered species, are presented in this work, to different trials carried out in the laboratory with seeds harvested in the two known populations of that community. Treatments with and without 0.2% potassium nitrate (KNO3) were tested for four, six and eight months in cold stratification at 5 °C in two germination chambers at different temperatures (22/10 °C and 27/15 °C with a photoperiod of 12/12 hours). The results indicate that there is a large difference in germination rates between the two populations. The use of KNO3 did not increase germination rates in any case, but differences were found between periods of cold stratification, with six months being the most effective. On the other hand, the germination rates of both populations remain low (17.58% and 2%) compared to the obtained rate of seed viability. With this first approach to the understanding of the germination requirements of C. lainzii, it becomes clear that new essays are needed to obtain better results, in order to effectively implement the protection plans of C. lainzii populations.

scholarly journals Effects of Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate on Haloxylon ammodendron Seed Germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4927
Author(s):  
Zhazira Zhumabekova ◽  
Xinwen Xu ◽  
Yongdong Wang ◽  
Chunwu Song ◽  
Alzhan Kurmangozhinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Haloxylon ammodendron is a perennial xerophyte that can survive in extremely harsh desert conditions of Central Asia. This study evaluated the effect of salinity, and their ability to recover on seed germination of H. ammodendron, which were collected at three different desert areas, Bakanas takyr plain (H1), Gurbantüngüt Desert (H2), and Gobi Desert (H3), respectively. Seeds were treated with different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 (0.00 (control), 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.00, 1.20, and 1.40 mol/L) to detemine the germination and recover ability to salt stress. The results of the study were that H. ammodendron were more resistant to Na2SO4 than to NaCl. Regarding inhibition of seed germination H. ammodendron was in the following order: H3 > H2 > H1. Based on the tolerance and recovery, seeds can be demonstrated as follows: NaCl: H3 > H1 > H2; Na2SO4: H1 = H2 = H3. Non-germinated seeds in all salt treatments with low osmotic potential showed high recovery when transferred to distilled water, indicating that these treatments were not too toxic to affect seed viability. These results suggest that H. ammodendron can withstand high levels of salinity at three desert environments. Thus, H. ammodendron could be used to reconstruct vegetation and sustanbility development in the desert areas with high salinity.

Effect of temperature and light on seed germination of Erysimum naxense and Erysimum krendlii

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1194-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Gkika ◽  
Nikos Krigas ◽  
George Menexes ◽  
Ilias Eleftherohorinos ◽  
Eleni Maloupa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractSeed germination of two local Greek endemics was studied (Erysimum naxense, Erysimum krendlii). Seed viability was determined by using the tetrazolium method and germination was studied in synchronized cycles of five and four alternating temperatures [10/5 (for E. naxense only) and 15/10, 20/15, 25/20, and 30/25°C for both species, in cycles of 16 h day/8 h night], and in five light regimes (red, blue, green, white, and dark). Germination of E. naxense and E. krendlii seeds was determined daily for six and five weeks, respectively, with the data analyzed as viability adjusted accumulative seed germination at the end of each week. E. naxense’s seed viability was higher (90%) than that of E. krendlii (64%); seed germination (%) of both increased at low alternating temperatures (10/5°C, 15/10°C, 20/15°C). Germination of E. naxense seeds at low temperatures was light-independent, whereas at high temperatures it was increased with red light. Germination of E. krendlii seeds was inconsistently affected by light at the temperatures studied. Percentages of seed germination of both species were higher in experimental conditions similar to the ones of their natural habitats during autumn and/or spring (facilitated with Geographic Information Systems). These conclusions provide guidelines for species-specific propagation protocols and ex situ conservation.

scholarly journals Salt-Stress Induced Protein Pattern Related to Seed Germination Indices in Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Dehghani ◽  
Daryush Talei ◽  
Tayebeh Radjabian ◽  
Azra Saboora
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Germination Indices

Salinity is one of the major environmental stress factors that cause many adverse effects on growth and productivity of plants. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of salinity levels on seed germination indices and protein patterns in Melissa offcinalis seedlings. An experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with five concentrations of NaCl and four replicates with sand medium. The results indicated that salt stress had negative effects on the seed germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT) and germination rate (GR), primary shoot and root length, as well as the protein content. After two days of salt exposure, the lowest (0%) GP was obtained for seeds treated with 12 dSm-1 salinity, as compared to the control (48.5%). Although, high salinity levels delayed seed germination, but during the experimental period GP increased and no significant differences were observed among the treatments in terms of GP after two weeks. The highest MGT (4.97 days) was obtained for plants stressed with 12 dSm-1 salinity level, as compared to the control (1.89 days). Analysis of the protein bands revealed that salinity suppressed the expression of two proteins with the size of 45 (Y1), and 40 kDa (Y2) and protein of 60 kDa (D1) was down-regulated. Also, the synthesis of four proteins of 70 (X1), 30 (X2), 25 (X3), and 20 kDa (X4) was induced in the seedlings under salinity stress. The changes in protein pattern under salinity stress indicated that the synthesis of new proteins may be associated to the stress specific proteins.

Seed germination and survival of the endangered psammophilous Rouya polygama (Apiaceae) in different light, temperature and NaCl conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Santo ◽  
Efisio Mattana ◽  
Laetitia Hugot ◽  
Paula Spinosi ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
North African ◽  
Seed Mortality ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Recovery Response ◽  
Alternating Temperature

AbstractRouya polygama (Apiaceae) is an endangered Mediterranean species of great phytogeographical and ecological interest, growing on coastal sandy dunes. Intraspecific variability in the responses to constant temperatures (5–25°C) and an alternating temperature regime (25/10°C), salt stress (0–600 mM NaCl) and recovery of seed germination was evaluated among six populations from Sardinia and Corsica. Seeds were non-dormant and germination percentages ranged from 10 to 83%, depending on temperature and population. Differences in germination percentages were mainly due to different seed mortality among seed lots. R. polygama seeds germinated in salt concentrations up to 200 mM NaCl, whereas higher salt concentrations totally inhibited germination. Salt affected seed viability, and the recovery response decreased with increasing salinity and temperature. Inter-population variability and different sensitivity to NaCl in seed germination were detected. Our results are consistent with field germination in a period from autumn to spring, when water is available in the soil and temperatures are not prohibitive for seedling establishment, representing an advantageous ecological adaptation for seedling establishment to the unpredictable Mediterranean rainfall pattern. Further studies on R. polygama are needed to investigate germination requirements at temperatures higher than 25°C and its germination in the field, and to clarify genetic inter-population variability, considering a higher number of populations and possibly extending to North African populations.

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