The impact of temperature patterns during storage of Scots pine and Norway spruce seeds on their germination and fungal infection rates

Relevance of the study. One of the ways to maintain the genetic diversity of forest-forming species is to preserve highquality seed material ex situ. However, the relationship between the diversity of pathogenic mycobiota and the duration and methods of forest tree seed storage remains underexplored. The results of research into this problem can be used in forest seed production and forest phytopathology.Materials and methods. For our study we used seeds ofРinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. of the orthodox type, harvested in the period of 1996–2011 and stored under different temperatures: +20°С, +4°С, –18°С, and in liquid nitrogen vapor (–182°С) since 2011. Prior to their storage, seed samples were dried to a moisture content of 4.2–4.4% and hermetically packed. Seed germination was tested before and after three, five and eight years of storage, following GOST 13056.6-97 standards. The level of seed infection and the composition of pathogenic fungi were assessed.Results. After eight years of storage at +20°С, pine and spruce seed germination capacity decreased by 13–60%, depending on the year of harvesting. Seed storage at –18°С and –182°С allowed us to prevent seed infection and preserve seed viability. In most cases, the germination energy and germination capacity were negatively correlated with the level of seed infection. The diversity of pathogenic (mold) fungi on the surface of seeds was represented by ten genera; the most common were saprotrophs: Aspergillus P. Micheli, Penicillium Link, Rhizopus Ehrenb., Scopulariopsis Bainier.Conclusion. At the present stage of research, the success of seed storage at low and ultralow temperatures was demonstrated. We recommend cryopreservation for the long-term storage of improved and valuable seeds.

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Seed survival in Chilean Nothofagus in response to desiccation and storage

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1079/ssr2005204 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 113-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pedro León-Lobos ◽

Richard H. Ellis

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Hermetic Storage ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Tree Seeds ◽

Initial Seed

Nothofagus alpina,N. obliqua,N. glauca,N. leonii,N. dombeyiandN. pumilioseeds exhibited consistent, albeit slight, sensitivity to extreme desiccation, but nevertheless maintained viability at low moisture contents and cool temperatures (–10° to –20°C) over 2 years.Nothofagus alpina,N. obliqua,N. glauca,N. leoniiandN. dombeyiconformed to the seed viability equation of Ellis and Roberts; sensitivity of longevity to temperature was quantitatively similar to that of crop seeds, sensitivity to moisture was somewhat less, and a low-moisture-content limit to the equation was detected at 4.8% moisture content in hermetic storage at 65 °C, and possibly similar moisture contents at 30–40°C. These five species show orthodox seed storage behaviour. Therefore,ex-situconservation of theseNothofagusspecies in seed banks is possible, but the quality of seed lots collected requires attention. Seed storage behaviour was not defined inN. pumilio: initial seed quality was poor and loss of viability was detected over 2 years at 0°, –10° and –20°C at 2.7% moisture content, but not at 5.2%. The results confirm that the economy of nature in seed storage physiology extends to forest tree seeds, but the repeated observation of reduced sensitivity of longevity to moisture in forest tree seeds requires further investigation.

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Long-term storage of mycorrhizal fungi and seed as a tool for the conservation of endangered Western Australian terrestrial orchids

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt01029 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 619 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

A. L. Batty ◽

K. W. Dixon ◽

M. Brundrett ◽

K. Sivasithamparam

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Silica Gel ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Testing Procedures ◽

Terrestrial Orchids ◽

The Impact

The impact of seed drying, seed storage and development of testing procedures for seed viability assessment was undertaken for a selection of common taxa with congeners that are rare and endangered (Caladenia, Diuris, Pterostylisand Thelymitra). Freshly collected seed showed significantly lower levels of germination compared with seed that had been subjected to drying over silica gel for 24 h. Seed dried over silica gel for 24 h and plunged into liquid nitrogen exhibited a further increase in germination levels. Germination of seed stored at 4, 18 or 22˚C for 1 year was substantially higher than freshly collected seed (4 weeks after dehiscence), but germination was highest overall after storage of dried seed in liquid nitrogen (–196˚C). Mycorrhizal fungi that promote the germination and growth of plants were also successfully preserved in liquid nitrogen. The use of cryoprotectants on fungal isolates had no observable deleterious effects on fungal regeneration. Histochemical staining procedures (tetrazolium, fluorescein diacetate and Evans blue) substantially overestimated seed viability, relative to symbiotic seed germination, for most seed treatments indicating a need for re-evaluation of the effectiveness of staining procedures for testing viability. The implications of the long-term ex situ storage of orchid seed and fungal symbionts for the conservation of endangered orchids is discussed.

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Seed storage and germination studies of Garcinia talbotii Raizada ex Santapau seeds - an endemic tree from Western Ghats of India

Journal of Non Timber Forest Products ◽

10.54207/bsmps2000-2016-d2y6m3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

T. Sabu ◽

P.S. Shameer ◽

Chitra Rajeswary ◽

N. Mohanan ◽

C. Anilkumar

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Hermetic Storage ◽

Western Ghats Of India ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

And Storage

Seeds of Garcinia talbotii remained viable hardly for two weeks in open room conditions. As part of ex-situ conservation of Garcinia talbotii, seeds longevity was studied since seeds are the main propagule. For this, the relationship of seed viability with respect to different moisture content and storage temperature were analyzed. Seed storage behaviour is also investigated. Being recalcitrant, seeds are desiccation sensitive as well as chilling sensitive. During hermetic storage of seeds at 300C /70 % RH seeds retained viability about 6 months.

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High seed viability recorded in an endangered endemic species, 'Isoplexis isabelliana' (Scrophulariaceae), after more than 30 years of storage in a conservation seed bank

Mediterranean Botany ◽

10.5209/mbot.69341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e69341

Author(s):

Miguel Ángel González Pérez ◽

Nereida Cabrera-García ◽

Isabel Cayon-Fernández

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Seed Banks ◽

Ex Situ

Conservation seed banks are essential for ex-situ conservation of genetic biodiversity. These institutions are especially relevant for threatened species and play a vital role in their conservation by preserving genetic material. However, samples deposited in the seed banks must germinate when necessary to use them (i.e., recovery plans, etc.). This study uses four accessions of the endemic endangered species from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands), Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masf. (Scrophulariaceae). Germination tests were carried out to measure seed viability through time and the possible impact of seed storage on their viability. These accessions have been kept in the seed bank for four months to thirty years under different storage conditions. Germination results differed for seeds after 45 days of exposition using 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness at 17 °C. Accessions kept in the seed bank, independently of storage, showed a high germination percentage (89%). Whereas the accessions with rough storage conditions showed a 0% germination rate. The results highlighted the good state of conservation of the material deposited in the Seed Bank of the Botanical Garden "Viera y Clavijo" and the reliability of the temperature and humidity conditions in which the seeds of I. isabelliana have been stored. We consider these results as momentous since several natural populations of I. isabelliana has been affected by the last forest fire on the island.

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Optimal long-term seed storage conditions for the endangered seagrass Zostera japonica: implications for habitat conservation and restoration

Plant Methods ◽

10.1186/s13007-019-0541-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shidong Yue ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

Yi Zhou ◽

Shaochun Xu ◽

Shuai Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Storage ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Zostera Japonica ◽

Storage Method ◽

Seagrass Meadows ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Term Storage

Abstract Background Seagrass meadows are recognized as critical and among the most vulnerable habitats on the planet. The alarming rates of decline in seagrass meadows have attracted the attention globally. There is an urgent need to develop techniques to restore and preserve these vital coastal ecosystems. So far little work has been done to develop effective long-term storage method for seagrass seeds. The seagrass Zostera japonica Asch. & Graebn is an endangered species in its native range. Here we utilized combinations of different storage times, salinities, and temperature to determine the most appropriate conditions for optimal seed storage. Results Zostera japonica seeds were strongly desiccation sensitive, with a complete loss of viability after 24 h of desiccation. Therefore, long periods of exposure to air should be avoided to minimize seed mortality. In addition, Z. japonica seeds could not endure freezing conditions such as – 5 °C. However, our results indicated that reduced storage temperature to 0 °C could effectively prolong the duration of dormancy of Z. japonica seeds. Seeds stored at 0 °C under a salinity of 40–60 psu showed relatively low seed loss, high seed vigor and fast seed germination, suggesting these to be optimal seed storage conditions. For example, after storage for 540 days (ca. 600 days since the seed collection from reproductive shoots in early October, 2016) at 0 °C under a salinity of 50 psu, seeds still had a considerable vigor, i.e. 57.8 ± 16.8%. Conclusion Our experiments demonstrated that seeds stored at 0 °C under a salinity of 40–60 psu could effectively prolong the duration of dormancy of Z. japonica seeds. The proposed technique is a simple and effective long-term storage method for Z. japonica seeds, which can then be used to aid future conservation, restoration and management of these sensitive and ecologically important habitat formers. The findings may also serve as useful reference for seed storage of other threatened seagrass species and facilitate their ex situ conservation and habitat restoration.

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Temperature Requirements for the Storage and Germination of Delphinium × cultorum Seed

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.9.989 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 989-992 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

William J. Carpenter ◽

Joseph F. Boucher

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Subzero Temperatures ◽

Temperature Requirements ◽

Cultivar Responses ◽

Term Storage ◽

Storage Temperatures

Delphinium seed germination was about equal in light or darkness. Seed total germination percentages were highest and about equal at constant 15 or 20C and alternating (12 h) 10/20C, 15/25C, or 20/30C. The most rapid and uniform germination generally occurred at constant 20C. Storing seeds dry at 2C for 3 weeks before germination reduced the days to 50% of final germination (T50) and between 10% and 90% germination (T90 - T10) but did not increase total germination. The seeds had only limited desiccation tolerance, with `Magic Fountains Lavender' having declining germination percentages at moisture contents below 7.0% and `Magic Fountains Lilac' below 6.7%. Seeds tolerated storage at low, nonfreezing or subzero temperatures, but cultivar responses differed. `Magic Fountains Lavendar' had progressively lower germination percentages as storage temperatures declined from 5 to –20C, while `Magic Fountains Lilac' germination increased. The relative humidity (RH) and temperature that delphinium seed received during long-term storage influenced germination. Germination after seed storage at 5C was higher, earlier, and more uniform than after 15 or 25C storage. The highest total germination percentages occurred following seed storage at 5C and 30% to 50% RH, the shortest T50 from 35% to 55% RH, and shortest spans (T90 - T10) from 25% to 50% RH.

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Control of Seed-borne Disease (Octomeles Sumatrana) during Storage

Jurnal Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan ◽

10.20886/bptpth.2020.8.2.133-144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 133-144

Author(s):

NFN Nurhasybi ◽

◽

Tati Suharti ◽

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Storage Room ◽

Natural Fungicide ◽

Alternative Species ◽

Seed Handling ◽

And Control ◽

And Storage

The forest tree species that are widely grown to produce pulp and paper raw materials are Acacia spp. and Eucalyptus spp. One alternative species is binuang bini (Octomeles sumatrana) which can be developed for plantations. To maintain high seed viability, it is necessary to know the handling of seeds and control of seed-borne diseases during storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the method of the effective technique to control the seed-borne diseases of binuang bini during seed storage. The techniques for Seed disease kontrol methods in seed storage are carried out using chemical and natural fungicide. The results showed that the pure live seed was influenced by a single factor of fungicide and storage room, interactions between fungicides and storage room, interactions between fungicides and storage periods as well as interactions between fungicides and storage space and storage periods. Seed handling of binuang bini can be conducted effectively and efficiently by storing the seed in refrigerator for 3 months without using fungicides, but it will be better if the seed is given benomil fungicide and stored in airconditioned room (temperature of 18℃-20℃ and relative humidity of 50%-60 %).

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The Effect of Invigoration Using Polyethylene Glycol And Ultra Fine Bubble on Improving of Sengon Seeds (Falcataria Moluccana Miq.) Quality After Two Years Storage

Jurnal Wasian ◽

10.20886/jwas.v8i2.5997 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 133-143

Author(s):

Iskandar Siregar ◽

◽

Riki Ramdhani ◽

Evayusvita Rustam ◽

Dede Sudrajat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Germination Capacity ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Fine Bubble ◽

Initial Seed ◽

Environmental Air

Utilization of seeds storage results in decreased plant productivity. The increase can be used by treating seeds before planting through the technique of invigoration. This purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of invigoration methods using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and ultrafine bubbles (UFB) to improve viability and vigor of sengon seeds (Falcataria moluccana). Seed agieng using 96 % ethanol was carried out to obtain the diversity of seedlot viability as the materials for testing the effectiveness of invigoration treatments. A complete random design was used to test the effectiveness of 5 invigoration treatments, i.e., seed without invigoration treatment, soaking in PEG 6000 -0.8 Mpa, soaking in PEG 6000 -1.2 Mpa, soaking in UFB water injected by environmental air, and soaking in UFB water injected by oxygen 99 %, with soaking time is 24 hours for each treatment. Seed agieng resulted three classes of seed viability, i.e. 62 % (initial seed), 83 % (seed agieng for 30 minutes) and 57 % (seed agieng for 60 minutes). In the condition of seed germination before treatment (DBA) 57 % and DBA 62%, invigoration treatments were significantly affected on seed germination capacity, but not significantly different in DBA 83 %. The soaking treatment of UFB injected by oxigen 99 % was able to improve the germination parameters (germination capacity, germination rate, and vigor index) on the sengon seeds with DBA 57 %. For seeds with DBA 62 %, the soaking treatment in UFB injected by environmental air was provided the best germination capacity, T50, and vigor index. The treatment of UFB injected by oxygen 99 % was more effective to improve the seed with very low viability and vigor (DBA 57 %). In general, improving of seed viability and vigor is more effective by using UFB than PEG 6000.

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Pengaruh pemberian abu sekam padi sebagai bahan desikan pada penyimpanan benih terhadap daya tumbuh dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao (The effects of rice husk ash as desiccation material of seed storage on viability and cocoa seedling growth).

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v28i2.202 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 90-99

Author(s):

Pudji Rahardjo

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Food Stock

Rice husk ash as desiccation material can be used to maintain seed viability in storage through its ability to absorb humidity during its storage. High relative humidity caused seed moisture content to increase so the respiration rate of seed increases and uses faster food stock. Finally the viability of seed is lost. A research on use of rice husk ash as desiccation material of cocoa seed storage was conducted in Agronomy Laboratory and Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Completely Randomized Design was used in this research with treatment of rice husk ash application on cocoa seed as follows: 0 g/100 seeds (A), 5 g/100 seeds (B), 10 g/100 seeds (C), 15 g/100 seeds (D), and 20 g/100 seeds (E). This experiment used four replications. Cocoa seeds were stored in plastic bag within carton box in ambient temperature. The storage periods were 1, 2, and 3 weeks, and parameters of observation consisted of electrical conductivity of dipped water of cocoa seeds, percentage of seed germination, percentage of seed emergence, early growth parameters at one month old including seedlings height of seedling, diameter, leaf number, root length, and dry weight. The result of the experiment showed that the use of rice husk ash at 5-10 g/100 seeds could maintain electrical conductivity of dipped water at low level, percentage of seed germination at 99-100 % and percentage of seed emergence at 79-91% after two weeks storage. The use of rice husk ash at 5-10 g/100 seeds after two weeks storage affected height of cacao seedling, but did not affected stem diameters, leaf numbers, root lengths, and dry weights

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Experimental seed germination for ex situ conservation of Mexican Podostemaceae

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2232 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 413 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valeria Flores-Enríquez ◽

Guillermo Castillo ◽

Margarita Collazo-Ortega

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Storage Time ◽

Light Quality ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Seed Banks ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Collection Site

Background: Podostemaceae are extremely susceptible to local extinction by habitat loss. Since ~70 % of the river systems in Mexico show some degree of water contamination, it is relevant to generate information about seed storage and germination behavior to design germplasm conservation strategies (e.g., ex situ seed banks) of Mexican podostemads.Hypotheses: Seed germination decreases as seed storage time increases. Further, light quality, temperature and collection site influence similarly the germination response of both species.Studied species: Marathrum foeniculaceum Humb. & Bonpl., Noveloa coulteriana (Tul.) C. PhilbrickStudy site and years of study: 13 different seeds collections (1996-2013), at four locations in the rivers Horcones and Arroyo del Rincon Jalisco, México. Methods: A germination chamber experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of temperature, light quality and storage time on the germination of both species.Results: Seeds lose viability after nine years of storage. In both species, the time to reach the highest Accumulated Germination Percentage (AGP) was faster in seeds of one-two yr compared to seeds of six-seven yr. N. coulteriana have significant differences in Final Germination Percentage (FGP) between collection rivers. Storage time affects AGP of N. coulteriana more than in M. foeniculaceum.Conclusions: Both species can form ex situ seed banks up to 8 yr age in paper bags storage. N. coulteriana is more susceptible to variation in storage conditions compared to M. foeniculaceum. Collection site affect seed germination after storing. Long-term conventional ex situ seed germination storage is not a viable strategy to conserve germplasm of Podostemaceae.

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