Diverse and changing use of the Salish Sea by Pacific salmon, trout, and char

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
James P. Losee
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Downstream Migration ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Each year, juveniles of eight salmonid species enter the Salish Sea - the inland marine waters between northwestern Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada. These species vary in the proportions remaining there and migrating to feed in the Pacific Ocean. Such differential migration affects their growth rates, and exposure to habitat alteration, predators, fisheries, and contaminants. We review these diverse migration patterns and present data from Puget Sound illustrating the variation in downstream migration timing, residency in the Salish Sea, and upriver return timing. Recreational catch records indicate that proportionally fewer remain in the Salish Sea than in past decades for several species, and the declines began after peaks in the late 1970s – early 1980s. These declines resist easy explanation because the factors controlling residency are poorly understood, and the Salish Sea has changed over the past decades. Regardless of the cause, the diversity of migration patterns is important to the ecology of the salmon and trout species, and to the humans and other members of the Salish Sea community with which they interact.

MONARCHS, TRAVELLERS AND EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC'S AGE OF REVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Sujit Sivasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe Pacific has often been invisible in global histories written in the UK. Yet it has consistently been a site for contemplating the past and the future, even among Britons cast on its shores. In this lecture, I reconsider a critical moment of globalisation and empire, the ‘age of revolutions’ at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, by journeying with European voyagers to the Pacific Ocean. The lecture will point to what this age meant for Pacific islanders, in social, political and cultural terms. It works with a definition of the Pacific's age of revolutions as a surge of indigeneity met by a counter-revolutionary imperialism. What was involved in undertaking a European voyage changed in this era, even as one important expedition was interrupted by news from revolutionary Europe. Yet more fundamentally vocabularies and practices of monarchy were consolidated by islanders across the Pacific. This was followed by the outworkings of counter-revolutionary imperialism through agreements of alliance and alleged cessation. Such an argument allows me, for instance, to place the 1806 wreck of the Port-au-Prince within the Pacific's age of revolutions. This was an English ship used to raid French and Spanish targets in the Pacific, but which was stripped of its guns, iron, gunpowder and carronades by Tongans. To chart the trajectory from revolution and islander agency on to violence and empire is to appreciate the unsettled paths that gave rise to our modern world. This view foregrounds people who inhabited and travelled through the earth's oceanic frontiers. It is a global history from a specific place in the oceanic south, on the opposite side of the planet to Europe.

“An Outlet to the Western Sea”: Puget Sound, Terraqueous Mobility, and Northern Pacific Railroad’s Pursuit of Trade with Asia, 1864–1892

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-458
Author(s):  
Sean Fraga
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
American West ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
North American West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Northern Pacific

Abstract The Northern Pacific Railroad saw Puget Sound harbors as environments uniquely suited to connect the North American interior with the Pacific Ocean and enable U.S. trade with East Asia. But in building the physical infrastructure to link transcontinental trains with transpacific ships, Northern Pacific significantly altered Commencement Bay’s shoreline and displaced Puyallups from their traditional territory. The articles uses a terraqueous perspective, emphasizing movement between terrestrial and aqueous environments, to demonstrate how U.S. pursuit of transpacific trade shaped the North American West.

scholarly journals Unknown Tsunami Trigger Hides Along a Creeping Aleutian Fault

Eos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

A seismically quiet part of the Aleutian Subduction Zone may have caused tsunamis in the past—and may cause future tsunamis that could travel across the Pacific Ocean.

scholarly journals Pacific Sea Levels Rising Very Slowly and Not Accelerating

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Parker ◽  
Clifford Ollier
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Long Term Trend

AbstractOver the past decades, detailed surveys of the Pacific Ocean atoll islands show no sign of drowning because of accelerated sea-level rise. Data reveal that no atoll lost land area, 88.6% of islands were either stable or increased in area, and only 11.4% of islands contracted. The Pacific Atolls are not being inundated because the sea level is rising much less than was thought. The average relative rate of rise and acceleration of the 29 long-term-trend (LTT) tide gauges of Japan, Oceania and West Coast of North America, are both negative, −0.02139 mm yr−1and −0.00007 mm yr−2respectively. Since the start of the 1900s, the sea levels of the Pacific Ocean have been remarkably stable.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the crown-of-thorns seastar in the Pacific Ocean, with focus on Guam

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Tusso ◽  
Kerstin Morcinek ◽  
Catherine Vogler ◽  
Peter J. Schupp ◽  
Ciemon F. Caballes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tropical Coral ◽  
Population Outbreaks ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Western Pacific

Population outbreaks of the corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS),Acanthaster ‘planci’ L., are among the most important biological disturbances of tropical coral reefs. Over the past 50 years, several devastating outbreaks have been documented around Guam, an island in the western Pacific Ocean. Previous analyses have shown that in the Pacific Ocean, COTS larval dispersal may be geographically restricted to certain regions. Here, we assess the genetic structure of Pacific COTS populations and compared samples from around Guam with a number of distant localities in the Pacific Ocean, and focused on determining the degree of genetic structure among populations previously considered to be isolated. Using microsatellites, we document substantial genetic structure between 14 localities from different geographical regions in the Pacific Ocean. Populations from the 14 locations sampled were found to be structured in three significantly differentiated groups: (1) all locations immediately around Guam, as well as Kingman Reef and Swains Island; (2) Japan, Philippines, GBR and Vanuatu; and (3) Johnston Atoll, which was significantly different from all other localities. The lack of genetic differentiation between Guam and extremely distant populations from Kingman Reef and Swains Island suggests potential long-distance dispersal of COTS in the Pacific.

scholarly journals Trawl survey of Pacific salmon on the R/V “Professor Kaganovsky” in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean (May-July 2018)

Trudy VNIRO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
I. I. Gordeev ◽  
◽  
A. N. Starovoytov ◽  
S. S. Ponomarev ◽  
V. A. Shevlyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

RICH AND ROOTLESS IN THE SUBURBS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. A74-A74
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Alcoholic Anonymous ◽  
City School ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
To Come

In the past year and a half, seven Pali High students have died violently in incidents involving alcohol, drugs or cars. The school now has what may be the first Alcoholic Anonymous chapter on an American high-school campus. This is hardly your tough inner-city school. Pali High sits on a privileged plateau overlooking the Pacific Ocean in a community of mostly wealthy, welleducated parents. It is not one of those enclaves of old money, but a suburb of achievers—doctors, lawyers, entertainment figures—parents who work hard and, yes, often play hard. It is a place where students are given fast cars on their 16th birthdays and have easy access to drink and drugs. There are suburbs like this all over the nation. . . . The students I talked to said there is absolutely no school spirit, zero. They didn't have much use for Pacific Palisades either, they said, no community loyalty. They dismissed it as a bland, moneyed place where no one had roots, one of those end-of-the-rainbow Western suburbs where dreams were supposed to come true and people were angry when they didn't, a place where there was nothing to do on weekends but party, or "rage" as they call it. . . "I just don't think there were enough limits," he said. "Everybody's parents were trying to be so cool. . ."

Evidence for Attacks by the Bathypelagic Fish Anotopterus pharao (Myctophiformes) on Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2403-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Welch ◽  
L. Margolis ◽  
M. A. Henderson ◽  
S. McKinnell
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range

Adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) returning from offshore waters to spawn frequently bear a wide range of wounds and scars. One of the most common wounds is a single slash mark on the posterior third of one side of the body, running posteroventrally from near the dorsal fin at a roughly 45° angle. The evidence is reviewed for the occurrence of slash-marked salmon around the Pacific Rim over the past 30 yr. A jaw fragment removed from the wound of a slash-marked sockeye salmon (O. nerka) and identified as belonging to a daggertooth (Anotopterus pharao: order Myctophiformes), a highly modified bathypelagic fish, provides the first direct evidence for the cause of these wounds. Given the frequency of slash-marked adult salmon in coastal fisheries, A. pharao may be a significant cause of mortality in Pacific salmon that has previously gone unrecognized.

Evolution of the ocean monsoon regions over the past 250 million years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Han ◽  
Yongyun Hu ◽  
Yonggang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Subtropical High ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Ocean Mixed Layer ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Monsoon Area ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

<p>A set of deep-time climate simulations each 10Ma years from 250Ma to PI are conducted by using the NCAR-CESM1.2, for understanding the evolution of the ocean monsoon regions driven by tectonic dynamics over the past 250 million years and exploring its variation mechanisms. In recent years, scientists have proposed the concept of a global monsoon system, which includes not only typical monsoon regions (such as the African monsoon region and South Asian monsoon region), but also the atypical Northwest Pacific Ocean monsoon region. Research on the ocean monsoon is very limited, especially in the field of paleoclimate. The results in this paper show that the horizontal gradients of the thickness of the ocean mixed layer may be more important for the formation of the ocean monsoon than land-sea thermal contrast, which is confirmed by the aquaplanet simulations with various gradients of the ocean mixed-layer thickness. Near the Pacific monsoon region in the northern hemisphere, the thickness of the ocean mixed layer has obvious meridional and zonal gradients, which will correspond to the meridional and zonal thermal contrasts. In addition, there are obvious seasonal reversals in the gradients of the ocean mixed-layer thickness in summer and winter, and the corresponding longitudinal and zonal thermal contrast produce seasonal reversals. Over the past 250 million years, the thickness of the ocean mixed layer on the east side of the Pacific Ocean Basin in the Northern Hemisphere has deepened, and the corresponding ocean monsoon area on the east side of the Pacific Ocean has decreased. The changes in the thickness of the ocean mixed layer are closely related to the changes in the surface wind field. Examining the changes in the atmospheric circulations, we find that the Pacific subtropical high strengthens and extends from east to the west bank of the ocean basin, where the atmospheric low-level anticyclonic circulation causes the ocean surface layer to converge and sink and thus causes the ocean mixed layer to deepen. The changes in the Pacific subtropical high are related to changes in the continental monsoon region. Since the 170Ma, the Pangea supercontinent splits up, causing the supercontinent's inland water vapor to increase, the land monsoon area to increase, and the ocean monsoon area to decrease. According to the "monsoon-desert mechanism" of Rodwell and Hoskins, we can understand the relationship between the strengthening of land monsoon condensation heating and the formation of subtropical high over the western ocean.</p>

Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Distinct Region ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

<i>Abstract</i>.—The coded wire tag (CWT) database contains detailed information on millions of Pacific salmon <i>Oncorhynchus </i>spp. released from hatcheries or smolt traps and recovered in the Pacific Ocean and its tributaries. I used this information to compare marine distribution patterns of hatchery coho <i>O. kisutch </i>and Chinook <i>O. tshawytscha </i>salmon, based on recoveries of an estimated 1.99 million tagged salmon in coastal areas from southern California to the Bering Sea. Both species show distinct region-specific distribution patterns. Within these release regions, coho and Chinook salmon marine distributions were often similar, with fish distributed largely in local waters. In other regions, Chinook salmon were distributed father north than coho salmon originating from the same region. Only in two regions did the two species have fundamentally different marine distributions, with coho south of, and Chinook salmon north of, the natal stream. The analysis also revealed several “hot spots” of salmon diversity, identified by numerically few recoveries that represented many of the hatcheries used in the analysis. These hotspots may serve as important reservoirs for the continued existence of populations that are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to their restricted marine distributions. Although CWT technology is primitive by modern standards, the enormous amount of data collected in a consistent fashion over decades and contained in an online database provides a unique and underutilized opportunity to address many elusive questions about Pacific salmon.

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