An Overview on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical, Traditional and Economical Aspects of Aegle marmelos

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Nikita Kumawat ◽  
Jidnyasa Pantwalawalkar ◽  
Yogini Vispute ◽  
Rahul Tade ◽  
Sopan Nangare
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Preceding Work ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bael Powder ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Wound Healing Activity ◽  
Different Parts

Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos Corr., Rutaceace) known as bael is found from pre-historic time. It belongs of Indian origin. It has abundant allegorical importance for Hindus. A. marmelos is available in diverse varieties viz. Pant Aparna, Pant Urvashi, Narendra bael-5, Narendra bael-6, Pant Sujata, Pant Shivani, CISHB-1, CISHB-2, etc. Wholly parts of the A. marmelos tree have medicinal values and have been used as medicine for a long time. A. marmelos has different classes of compounds including coumarins, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, amino acids, etc. This plant has a strong potential to treat diseases including diarrhea, dysentery, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, diabetes, peptic ulcer, inflammation, etc. Besides, it provided anticancer, cardio-protective, antipyretic, analgesic, constipation, antioxidant, wound healing activity. The gum obtained from bael fruits has great potential in sustaining the delivery of the drug. The marketed products of A. marmelos are Chyawanprash, A. marmelos capsules, Capsule Bilv Giri, Entrostat Syrup, Ojamin, Vilwadigulika, etc. Other products made from fruit are jam, slab, dehydrated bael, fruit squash, fruit pulp Bael powder, toffee, and ready to serve (RTS) drink. Recently lots of work on different parts of bael has been establishing scientific proof for its traditional claims. Hence, it is essential to compile the current findings along with the preceding work, which will assist the researchers to find all the literature on A. marmelos. Overall, the present overview deals with general, traditional, phytopharmaceutical, pharmacological, chemical profile, and economic importance like pharmaceutical and other applications.

Statistical-Mathematical Methods Used in Analysis of Trade in Industrial Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
Tomiță Constantin Vasile ◽  
Luminița Popescu ◽  
Cora Ionela Dăniasă ◽  
Anica Iancu ◽  
Virgil Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Moment

Dairy products are of great socio-economic importance in Romania today. These products have both nutritional and economic importance. The market is the economic category of commodity production in which it expresses the totality of the sale-purchase acts viewed in an organic unit with the relations it generates and in connection with the space in which it takes place. The market originated a long time ago, being related to the moment when, in order to satisfy their existential needs, "discovered" and increasingly "conscious", the people exchanged between them, respectively collectivities, the surpluses held by each individual - individually or collectively. The exchange, set up as a means of realizing its own interests, has seen various forms and has evolved continuously, being still the foundation of all the economies of the world. The market has grown based on the amplification and diversification of human needs. The satisfaction of these needs is given by the close link between producers and consumers.

PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS TRITICI IN CANADA, 1919 TO 1944

1946 ◽  
Vol 24c (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Change ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Prairie Provinces

During the period 1919 to 1944, 65 physiologic races were identified from a total of 4543 isolates derived from uredial collections of Puccinia graminis Pers. var. Tritici Erikss. & Henn. Forty-nine races were obtained in the Prairie Provinces from a study of 3475 isolates; 40 in Eastern Canada from 1013 isolates, and 12 in British Columbia from 55 isolates. During this period, the predominant races have shown notable fluctuations in their prevalence. Races 36, 17, and 21 were the most common races until shortly after 1930 and were largely responsible for the severe rust losses suffered by Marquis and other common wheats during the decade preceding that year. Races 34 and 49 were collected frequently from 1927 to about 1935. All of these races diminished greatly in their prevalence between 1930 and 1936, whereas race 56, which was first collected in Canada in 1931, has become the predominant race since 1934. It was this race that played a major part in the stem rust epiphytotic of 1935. Another recent change in the racial population was a recrudescence in 1940 of race17, which for several previous years had been of minor importance. In 1941 this race challenged the pre-eminent position of race 56 but receded again in succeeding years to minor significance.The distribution of races is somewhat similar but not identical in different parts of Canada. Races 36 and 21 have been relatively more common in the Prairie Provinces than in Eastern Canada, while the contrary is true of race 38. Only about a dozen of the 65 races collected in Canada have thus far assumed much economic importance, a few others may be considered of minor significance, but at least two-thirds of the races have been found only occasionally and have, for reasons not fully understood, failed to gain even a limited distribution.A comparison of the number of physiologic races collected in Eastern Canada and the Prairie Provinces, respectively, has indicated a somewhat greater variety of physiologic races in the former region, a condition that may perhaps be explained by the presence of the common barberry in many localities in Eastern Canada.

scholarly journals Slave Trade and Slavery in Asia—New Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Titas Chakraborty ◽  
Matthias van Rossum
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Recent years have witnessed an expanding body of scholarship indicating the importance of slave trade and slavery in different parts of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago worlds. This work has not only challenged the dominant focus of slavery scholarship on the Atlantic context but has also encouraged scholars to reassess wider perspectives on Asian and global social histories. This special issue brings together contributions that explore these new horizons. Together, they take up the issue of slavery and mobility in different parts of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago worlds from a comparative perspective, dealing not only with the existence and patterns of slave trade itself but also with its social and sociopolitical implications. These articles require us to rethink some of the dominant perspectives in a historiography that for a long time has emphasized the unique and local character of “Asian” slaveries, positing dichotomies between slavery in the Atlantic and elsewhere, as well as between Western and non-Western slaveries. The contributions to this special issue challenge several of these existing dichotomies and provide new contributions to the understanding of the role and importance of slavery from a global perspective, as well as to the history of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago worlds. This introduction reflects on this collective contribution and aims to provide an outline for a relevant research agenda.

scholarly journals Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Franco Röckel ◽  
Carina Moock ◽  
Ulrike Braun ◽  
Florian Schwander ◽  
Peter Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Repeat Number ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Periclinal Chimeras

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) teinturier cultivars are characterized by their typical reddish leaves and red-fleshed berries due to ectopic anthocyanin formation. Wines of these varieties have economic importance as they can be used for blending to enhance the color of red wines. The unique and heritable mutation has been known for a long time but the underlying genetic mechanism still is not yet understood. Here we describe the association of the red-fleshed berry phenotype with a 408 bp repetitive DNA element in the promoter of the VvmybA1 gene (grapevine color enhancer, GCE). Three different clones of ‘Teinturier’ were discovered with two, three and five allelic GCE repeats (MybA1t2, MybA1t3 and MybA1t5). All three clones are periclinal chimeras; these clones share the same L1 layer, but have distinct L2 layers with different quantities of GCE repeats. Quantitative real time PCR and HPLC analysis of leaf and berry samples showed that the GCE repeat number strongly correlates with an increase of the expression of VvmybA1 itself and the VvUFGT gene regulated by it and the anthocyanin content. A model is proposed based on autoregulation of VvmybA1t to explain the red phenotype which is similar to that of red-fleshed apples. This study presents results about the generation and modes of action of three MybA1t alleles responsible for the red-fleshed berry phenotype of teinturier grapevines.

Simultaneous Determination of Aegeline and Six Coumarins from Different Parts of the Plant Aegle marmelos Using UHPLC-PDA-MS and Chiral Separation of Aegeline Enantiomers Using HPLC-ToF-MS

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (06) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathi Avula ◽  
Amar Chittiboyina ◽  
Yan-Hong Wang ◽  
Satyanarayanaraju Sagi ◽  
Vijayasankar Raman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Chiral Separation ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Tof Ms

Filogenia Preliminar do Gênero Rhabdocaulon Epling

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Giovanni Colussi ◽  
Maria Eduarda Venassi ◽  
Gustavo Agostini ◽  
Marcelo Rossato
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Genomic Material

O gênero Rhabdocaulon é um grupo de plantas aromáticas da família Lamiaceae, conhecida por ter espécies com enorme importância econômica pelo emprego de seus óleos essenciais e atividade biológica que esses possuem. Plantas dessa família vêm sendo utilizadas há muito tempo devido às características olfativas e até mesmo capacidade de exercer inibição microbiana em determinados testes com micro-organismos. Esse gênero compreende inúmeros indivíduos no decorrer do Sul da América. O estudo populacional de espécies vegetais vem sendo cada vez mais abordado, a fim de compreender melhor as interações evolutivas que determinadas espécies desenvolveram com o passar do tempo e especiações. As extrações de DNA foram executadas com método tradicional para extração de material genônico vegetal com auxílio de CTAB. Após a extração, as regiões ITS de rDNA e plastidial trnL-F foram amplificadas e sequenciadas. O trabalho visou avaliação preliminar da separação genética de algumas espécies dentro desse gênero, já que o grupo apresenta distribuição ampla na América do Sul. Com a avaliação das sequências, pode-se observar polimorfismo específico do grupo.Palavras-chave: Filogenia Preliminar. Lamiaceae. Rhabdocaulon.AbstractThe genus Rhabdocaulon is a group of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae, known for having species of enormous economic importance due to use of their essential oils and biological activity that they have. Plants of this family have been used for a long time because of their olfactory characteristics and even ability to exert microbial inhibition in certain tests with microorganisms. This genus comprises countless individuals throughout the South America. The population study of plant species has been increasingly approached in order to better understand the evolutionary interactions that certain species have developed as time goes by and speciations. The DNA extractions were performed using a traditional method for extracting plant genomic material with the aid of CTAB. After extraction, the ITS rDNA and plastid trnL-F regions were amplified and sequenced. The focus of the work was the preliminary evaluation of the genetic separation of some species within this genus, since the group has a wide distribution in South America. With the evaluation of the sequences, specific polymorphism of the group can be observed.Keywords: Preliminary Philogeny. Lamiacea. Rhabdocaulon.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF UNRIPE AEGLE MARMELOS CORR. FRUITS

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Gupta D ◽  
John PP ◽  
Kumar P ◽  
Jain J
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Assay

Aegle marmelos Corr. (Rutaceae), commonly known as Bael, is a tree of Indian origin, well known from ancient period andprescribed for various ailments in Ayurveda. Utilization of bael fruit in day-to-day life has a great nutritional, environmental as well ascommercial importance. Every part of Aegle marmelos including stem, bark, root, leaves, fruit and seeds at all stages of maturity possesmedicinal virtues and has been used in Ethno medicine to exploit its medicinal properties. Objective: This study was undertaken to examine theantioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos unripe or half ripe fruits. Material and Methods: The antioxidant activity was doneby using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The IC50 (The concentration of sample required to scavenge 50% of DPPH free radical) wascalculated by plotting graph between % inhibition vs concentration. The ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant. Result and Discussion:The IC50 value of extract and ascorbic acid was found to be 62.59μg/ml and 2.80μg/ml. The antioxidant activity found in Aegle marmelos maybe associated with their main phytochemical compounds like flavonoids, phenols and tannins. Conclusion: This activity supports that the fruitcan be used as natural antioxidant to treat free radical induced cellular damages and can also be used as adjuvant with other drugs to givesynergistic effects.

scholarly journals Contribution of Ukrainian Scientists into the Fight against Plague

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
V.M. Gamaliia ◽  
◽  
S.P. Ruda ◽  
G.V. Zabuga ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Sickness Rate ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Parts

A review about history of the fighting of Ukrainian scientists against one of the most terrible infectious diseases of mankind is proposed. It is noted that plague epidemics have persecuted mankind during many centuries. For a long time, pandemics of the so-called “black death” broke out in different parts of the world. It is shown how a number of measures were organized in Russian Empire against disease spread: the organization of border outposts, the establishment of quarantine hospitals etc. Ways of searching for the sources of the plague by a number of scientists, in particular, graduates of the Kiev-Mohyla Academy, doctors I.A. Poletika, D.S. Samoylovich, K.I. Yagelsky, A.F. Shafonsky are described. The formation of the anti-plague system in Russian Empire is investigated. The activity of the anti-plague laboratory, organized on the initiative of D.K. Zabolotny in 1880 in St. Petersburg, is shown. The contribution of the doctors G.M. Minkh, V.K. Vysokovich and M.F. Gamaliia in revealing the features of the pathogenesis of plague is described. It is noted that only at the beginning of the 20th century laboratories headed by D.K. Zabolotny and I.I. Mechnikov received significant results regarding the distribution of this dangerous infection. It is proved that only the dedicated work of a number of scientists allowed not only to reduce, but also to overcome the sickness rate of plague. It is noted that the first objective confirmation of the fact that the causative agent of the plague can be transmitted from rodents to humans was obtained in 1912. Considerable attention was paid to studies of the plague infection by D.K. Zabolotny during his expeditions to countries where epidemics arose. The role of Ukrainian scientists in establishing the determining factors of the occurrence of plague, as well as the development of methods for preventing this infectious disease, is emphasized.

scholarly journals Feeding behaviour and pugmark analysis of elephants in Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2060-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Thakur ◽  
D. K. Yadav ◽  
M. K. Jhariya
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Forest Department ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Palatable Species

The pugmark analysis of the elephants offers basic information to track the wild elephant migratory route, identification and census. For its study, four blocks viz, Sitapur, Lundra, Batouli (Sarguja district) and Farsabahar (Jashpur district) of northern Chhattisgarh were selected because these blocks are commonly visited by elephants and a major path route of movement of heard in inter/intra state. The most commonly consumed species belongs to family poaceae (22.58%) followed by fabaceae (19.35%) but their diet was mainly dependent on availability of seasonal food round the year and on their migration. Elephants extensively fed on Artocarpus heterophyllus, Syzygium cumini, Acacia nilotica, A. catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Zizyphus mauritiana, Aegle marmelos and Ficus species, besides these elephants also utilized various grasses and shrubs as their food, which mainly included Dendrocalamus strictus, Cynodon dactylon etc. Elephants sometimes spent long time to feed on some particular plant species like D. strictus and Ficus species. Crop raiding, which was sporadic during the rainy season, gradually increased with more area being cultivated with the onset of monsoon. Analysis of pugmark revealed that the circumference varied from 63.80 cm to 172.70 cm whereas length x width varied from 22x20 cm to 60x55 cm, which reflects a substantial variation/differentiation of individual in heard in respect of their age, sex, size etcTherefore, management implications are needed to conserve the corridors for their long term survival and reduction of HEC. The study will be helpful to provide key information and facilitate better understating of the scenario to the forest department, policy maker and conservationist to plan, manage and improve the habitat towards the restoration and afforestation of suitable palatable species preferred by elephants of northern corridors of Chhattisgarh.

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