Trace metal speciation in the Yamaska and St. François Rivers (Quebec)

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tessier ◽  
P. G. C. Campbell ◽  
M. Bisson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Mn Oxides

Water and suspended sediment samples were collected at 12 stations on the Yamaska and St. François Rivers, located in southeastern Quebec, and were analyzed for the trace metals Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn. The suspended sediment samples were subjected to a sequential extraction procedure designed to partition the particulate trace metals into five fractions: (1) exchangeable; (2) bound to carbonates; (3) bound to Fe–Mn oxides; (4) bound to organic matter; and (5) residual.Although suspended sediment levels as well as total soluble and particulate trace metal concentrations were highly variable in time and space, speciation patterns for each metal proved reasonably constant. Very small proportions of all metals, except Cd and Mn, were found in the exchangeable fraction, whereas high levels of all metals were present in the residual fraction; Fe–Mn oxides and organic matter constituted important transport phases for most metals. Deviations from this general behaviour were occasioned by man-induced perturbations (e.g., inputs of municipal sewage or mine waste water). At stations influenced by such factors, total particulate metal concentrations increased and the relative contribution of the residual fraction decreased. The trace metal content of fraction 3 proved to be particularly sensitive to anthropogenic inputs; other phases acting as trace metal sinks included those liberated in fractions 1 (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn), 2(Cu, Ni, Zn), and 4(Cu, Ni).

scholarly journals Trace Metal and Cd Isotope Systematics of the Basal Datangpo Formation, Yangtze Platform (South China) Indicate Restrained (Bio)Geochemical Metal Cycling in Cryogenian Seawater

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Simon V. Hohl ◽  
Shao-Yong Jiang ◽  
Sebastian Viehmann ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
South China ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
Yangtze Platform ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Metal Cycling ◽  
Authigenic Minerals

The behaviour of bioavailable trace metals and their stable isotopes in the modern oceans is controlled by uptake into phototrophic organisms and adsorption on and incorporation into marine authigenic minerals. Among other bioessential metals, Cd and its stable isotopes have recently been used in carbonate lithologies as novel tracer for changes in the paleo primary productivity and (bio)geochemical cycling. However, many marine sediments that were deposited during geologically highly relevant episodes and which, thus, urgently require study for a better understanding of the paleo environment are rather composed of a mixture of organic matter (OM), and detrital and authigenic minerals. In this study, we present Cd concentrations and their isotopic compositions as well as trace metal concentrations from sequential leachates of OM-rich shales of the Cryogenian basal Datangpo Formation, Yangtze Platform (South China). Our study shows variable distribution of conservative and bioavailable trace metals as well as Cd isotope compositions between sequential leachates of carbonate, OM, sulphide, and silicate phases. We show that the Cd isotope compositions obtained from OM leachates can be used to calculate the ambient Cryogenian surface seawater of the restricted Nanhua Basin by applying mass balance calculations. By contrast, early diagenetic Mn carbonates and sulphides incorporated the residual Cd from dissolved organic matter that was in isotopic equilibrium with deep/pore waters of the Nanhua Basin. Our model suggests that the Cd isotopic composition of surface seawater at that time reached values of modern oxygenated surface oceans. However, the deep water Cd isotope composition was substantially heavier than that of modern fully oxygenated oceans and rather resembles deep waters with abundant sulphide precipitation typical for modern oxygen minimum zones. This argues for incomplete recycling of Cd and other bioavailable metals shortly after the Sturtian glaciation in the redox stratified Cryogenian Nanhua Basin. Our study highlights the importance of sequential leaching procedures when dealing with impure authigenic sediments such as OM-rich carbonates, mudstones, or shales to achieve reliable trace metal concentrations and Cd isotope compositions as proxies for (bio)geochemical metal cycling in past aquatic systems.

Speciation distribution of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in contaminated Phaeozem in north-east China using single and sequential extraction procedures

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Guo ◽  
Q. X. Zhou ◽  
P. V. Koval ◽  
G. A. Belogolova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
East China ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
North East ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Cu And Zn

Knowledge of the total content of trace metals is not enough to fully assess the environmental impact of polluted soils. For this reason, the determination of metal speciation in soil is important to evaluate its mobilisation capacity and behaviour in the environment. The sequential extraction procedure was used to separate 4 heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) from contaminated Phaeozem in north-east China into 5 operationally defined geochemical species: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe–Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residues. Neutral salts, dilute acids, and chelating reagents were used as single extractants for the functionally defined speciation. In the sequential extraction, the residual fraction was the most abundant pool for Pb, Cu, and Zn. A major portion (40–84%) of Pb, Cu, and Zn was associated with the residue. The speciation distribution of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the surface samples was similar to that in the subsurface, with residues > bound to organic matter > bound to Fe–Mn oxides > bound to carbonates > exchangeable. A significant amount (32–47%) of Cd persisted in the potential availability of the exchangeable fraction. The main part of Cd fractionation in the surface soil samples comprised exchangeable, carbonate, and Fe–Mn oxide fractions, whereas in the subsurface it comprised the residual and exchangeable phases. EDTA can be regarded as an extractant for assessing the plant-available species of Cd, Cu, and Zn; NH4Cl released electrostatically weakly bound metals and was used to estimate the mobile species. Assuming that metal mobility and bioavailability are related to their solubility and the contents in typical plants in the contaminated Phaeozem, Cd would be the main potential risk to animal health and groundwater safety in the area.

scholarly journals Significance of building and plumbing specifics on trace metal concentrations in drinking water

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderjit Singh ◽  
Donald S. Mavinic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Building Height ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Family House

Samples were taken from 72 high-rise apartment suites (6 suites in 12 individual high-rise towers) and 60 single-family houses located within the Greater Vancouver Regional District. The influence of the following factors on trace metal concentrations in 1-L first-flush drinking water samples and “running” hot water samples was investigated: building height, location, plumbing age, type of plumbing, and type of building. Results of this survey show that with the exception of building height, all factors had a correlation with one or more of the trace metals investigated. The trace metals examined were lead, copper, iron, and zinc. Lead was influenced primarily by building type, copper by plumbing age and type of plumbing, and iron by location. Elevated lead levels were associated with high-rise samples. New copper plumbing systems resulted in high copper levels. Highest iron levels in the drinking water were measured in the East Vancouver location. Zinc did not show a distinct correlation with any of the factors investigated. Brass faucets were the primary source of zinc in tap water. They also contributed substantially to the lead detected in the 1-L first-flush sample. Metal concentrations measured in the high-rise and house samples were compared with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) and the proposed “no-action” level for lead. In high-rise samples, the 0.01 mg/L “no-action” level proposed for lead was exceeded in 43% of the samples, and 62% of the samples exceeded the current 1.0 mg/L MCL standard for copper. In single-family house samples, these values were 47% and 73%, respectively. The average lead concentrations were 0.020 mg/L for all high-rise samples and 0.013 mg/L for house samples. Regulatory levels stated above would still be exceeded in 6% of the cases for lead and 9% of the cases for copper, even after prolonged flushing of the tap in a high-rise building. In all cases associated with single-family houses, flushing the cold water tap for 5 minutes was successful in achieving compliance levels. Key words: aggressive water, compliance, corrosive, drinking water, first-flush, GVRD, high-rise, single-family house, trace metals, USEPA.

scholarly journals Atmospheric trace metals measured at a regional background site (Welgegund) in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 4251-4263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Venter ◽  
Pieter G. van Zyl ◽  
Johan P. Beukes ◽  
Micky Josipovic ◽  
Johan Hendriks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Bushveld Igneous Complex

Abstract. Atmospheric trace metals can cause a variety of health-related and environmental problems. Only a few studies on atmospheric trace metal concentrations have been conducted in South Africa. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine trace metal concentrations in aerosols collected at a regional background site, i.e. Welgegund, South Africa. PM1, PM1–2. 5 and PM2. 5–10 samples were collected for 13 months, and 31 atmospheric trace metal species were detected. Atmospheric iron (Fe) had the highest concentrations in all three size fractions, while calcium (Ca) was the second-most-abundant species. Chromium (Cr) and sodium (Na) concentrations were the third- and fourth-most-abundant species, respectively. The concentrations of the trace metal species in all three size ranges were similar, with the exception of Fe, which had higher concentrations in the PM1 size fraction. With the exception of titanium (Ti), aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mg), 70 % or more of the trace metal species detected were in the smaller size fractions, which indicated the influence of industrial activities. However, the large influence of wind-blown dust was reflected by 30 % or more of trace metals being present in the PM2. 5–10 size fraction. Comparison of trace metals determined at Welgegund to those in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex indicated that at both locations similar species were observed, with Fe being the most abundant. However, concentrations of these trace metal species were significantly higher in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex. Fe concentrations at the Vaal Triangle were similar to levels thereof at Welgegund, while concentrations of species associated with pyrometallurgical smelting were lower. Annual average Ni was 4 times higher, and annual average As was marginally higher than their respective European standard values, which could be attributed to regional influence of pyrometallurgical industries in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex. All three size fractions indicated elevated trace metal concentrations coinciding with the end of the dry season, which could partially be attributed to decreased wet removal and increases in wind generation of particulates. Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) revealed four meaningful factors in the PM1 size fraction, i.e. crustal, pyrometallurgical-related and Au slimes dams. No meaningful factors were determined for the PM1–2. 5 and PM2. 5–10 size fractions, which was attributed to the large influence of wind-blown dust on atmospheric trace metals determined at Welgegund. Pollution roses confirmed the influence of wind-blown dust on trace metal concentrations measured at Welgegund, while the impact of industrial activities was also substantiated.

scholarly journals Distribution and Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Karra River, Hetauda, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Pradhanang
Keyword(s):  
River Sediment ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Fractionation Analysis ◽  
Polluted Sites

A five-step sequential extraction procedure was applied for the determination of the distribution of four elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni) in sediment of the Karra River. Sediment samples were collected from 16 different sites in the Karra River (upstream, industrial belt, downstream). The distribution of trace metals among exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions were determined. The total concentration of metals varies in the range of Cr 72–4339.54 mg kg?1, Mn 22–411.93 mg kg?1, Fe 2967.23-32423.0 mg kg?1 and Ni 31.70-180.74 mg kg?1. The accuracy evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five individual fractions proved to be satisfactory. The chemical speciation of Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni in most sampling stations were in the order of residual > reducible > oxidazable > carbonate> exchangeable. Fractionation analysis showed that dominant metals are in residual fraction. The highest metal concentrations were observed at the most polluted sites of the industrial belt. High concentration of chromium was found in the Fe-Mn oxide and organic fraction in some of the sites of industrial belt.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 123-128

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of Trace Metals in San Simon Bay Sediments (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Ramírez-Pérez ◽  
M.A. Álvarez-Vázquez ◽  
E. De Uña-Álvarez ◽  
E. de Blas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Gravity Core ◽  
Pollution Factor ◽  
Cu And Zn

A gravity core (220 cm depth) was collected to investigate the geochemistry, enrichment, and pollution of trace metals in anoxic sediments from San Simon Bay, an ecosystem of high biological productivity in the northwest of Spain. A five-step sequential extraction procedure was used. The Cu, Pb, and Zn contents decreased with depth, with maximum values in the top layers. Ni and Zn were bound to pyrite fractions, while Cd and Pb were associated with the most mobile fractions. The analyzed metals were associated with the fractions bound to organic matter, mainly with the strongly bound to organic matter fraction. High Cd and Cu values were observed. The fractionation showed a high mobility for Cd (28.3–100%) and Pb (54.0–70.2%). Moreover, the pollution factor and the geoaccumulation index reflected a high contamination for Pb and a moderate contamination for Cu and Zn in the superficial layers, pointing to a possible ecotoxicological risk to organisms in San Simon Bay.

scholarly journals Manganese Fractionation in Soils after Application of Municipal Solid Wastes Compost in Two Consecutive Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molod Samiei ◽  
Abdolamir Bostani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Mn Oxides

In order to study the effect of Tehran municipal solid wastes compost on manganese accumulation in soil and to determine its concentration in any readily available plant forms (exchangeable and carbonates-bonded), Mn-oxides bonded fraction, organic matter bonded fraction, and residual fraction in a calcareous soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design (RCBD) was conducted in research field of Shahed university at different levels of municipal solid wastes compost (0, 15, 30, and 60 ton/ha) as first factor and application times (one- or two-year compost application) as second factor in three replications. Results showed that, by increasing compost level, total Mn concentration, DTPA-extractable concentration, and amounts existing in all five fractions were increased, so lowest and highest amounts of Mn were observed in control and 60 ton/ha compost application. Based on results from Mn fractionation using Tessier consecutive extraction method, Mn fractions in all samples were in the following order: residual > Fe-Mn oxides > carbonates-bonded > organic matter-bonded ≫ exchangeable fractions in which residual fraction (RE) at first and second year was dominant rather than other fractions by 34.28–43.04 and 34.28–49.48 percent, respectively. Mn concentration in Fe-Mn oxides-bonded fraction at both years was considerable. Mn amounts in Fe-Mn oxides- bonded, application times were decreased.

A 50-yr Record of Pollution by Nutrients, Trace Metals, and Organic Chemicals in the St Lawrence River

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Carignan ◽  
Stéphane Lorrain ◽  
Ken Lum
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
St Lawrence River

The deposition chronology of algal pigments, organic C, N, P, trace metals, and organic contaminants (PCB congeners, DDD, DDE, Mirex, hexachlorobenzene) is described for two sites in fluvial lakes (St. Francis and St. Louis) of the St. Lawrence River. Pigment concentrations rapidly decrease in the top 10 cm due to degradation, but show a broad secondary peak consistent with higher primary productivity between 1960 and 1975. In Lake St. Francis, deposition of organic C, N, and P peaked between 1950 and 1975. In both lakes, trace metal concentrations reached maximum values between 1960 and 1970 and decreased considerably between 1970 and 1980. At both sites, surficial trace metal concentrations are approaching (within a factor of 3) those observed in preindustrial sediments except Cd, which is still 5–6 times higher. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn are inversely related (p < 0.05) to river discharge whereas those of Pb are positively related to discharge. Concentrations of organic contaminants have declined by a factor of 5–10 between the mid-1960's and the early 1980's, except Mirex, which shows no obvious trend with time. Historic trends in pollution by organic chemicals appear to have been influenced not only by changing anthropogenic inputs, but also by river discharge.

Sampling techniques for reliable determination of trace metals in macrophytes and periphyton

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
TP McBride ◽  
BN Noller
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Reliable Determination

Sampling techniques were developed to measure trace-metal concentrations reliably in the shoots of a submerged macrophyte, Najas tenuifolia, and its attached periphyton growing in the Magela Creek flood plain in monsoonal northern Australia. At each site, 30 samples were collected within an 8-m by 8-m quadrat in a pattern of five samples from each of six irregularly spaced points. Samples were collected underwater to include all periphyton present, and precautions were taken at all stages of processing to avoid contamination. Periphyton was dislodged for separate chemical analysis by sonication followed by vigorous shaking. A significant aspect was the large amount of periphyton, up to 35% of the total sample dry weight, associated with the Najas sp. Only a proportion, up to 43%, of this periphyton could be dislodged by the physical procedures used. Trace metals were generally not present in the same concentrations in both the Najas sp. and the periphyton. The average trace-metal concentrations (μg g-1 dry weight) and standard errors measured in the Najas sp. (and periphyton) were cadmium 0.24 � 0.013 (0.093 � 0.012), copper 5.2� 0.25 (12 � 0.74), lead 0.93 � 0.084 (6.5 � 0.43), manganese 2500 � 110 (1500 � 110), uranium 0.24 � 0.023 (0.27 � 0.030), and zinc 38 � 1.0 (23 � 1.5). The significant differences in Najas sp. and periphyton trace-metal concentrations show the need to consider the effect of periphyton when sampling and reporting trace-metal concentrations in submerged macrophytes.

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