Fatty acids in profundal benthic invertebrates and their major food resources in Lake Erken, Sweden: seasonal variation and trophic indications

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2267-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Goedkoop ◽  
Lars Sonesten ◽  
Gunnel Ahlgren ◽  
Merike Boberg
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Surficial Sediment ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Detrital Food Web ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Functional Feeding Guilds

Fatty acid (FA) concentrations and their seasonal variations were quantified for profundal benthic invertebrates, surficial sediment, and sedimenting matter from Lake Erken, Sweden. Food quality for profundal zoobenthos, as indicated by the concentrations of long-chain polyunsaturated FA, ω3 FA, or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in sediment and sedimenting matter, was highest in spring and autumn and markedly lower in summer. Surficial sediment was consistently lower in all FA than was sedimenting matter. Palmitoleic acid (16:1ω7) was the dominating FA in both sedimenting matter and sediment. In fauna samples, EPA, palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid, and vaccenic acid (18:1ω7) were among the dominant FA. Docosahexaenoic acid was found only in the predators Chaoborus and Procladius. Differences between functional feeding guilds were found for the diatom-indicating FA palmitoleic acid and the bacteria-specific FA isoseptadecanoic acid (17:0iso). Furthermore, principal components analysis showed marked differences in FA composition among taxa. These differences reflect the relative contribution of food from autotrophic (phytoplankton production) and heterotrophic sources (detrital food web) in profundal invertebrate taxa.

scholarly journals A non-canonical Δ9-desaturase synthesizing palmitoleic acid identified in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E-Ming Rau ◽  
Inga Marie Aasen ◽  
Helga Ertesvåg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

Abstract Thraustochytrids are oleaginous marine eukaryotic microbes currently used to produce the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). To improve the production of this essential fatty acid by strain engineering, it is important to deeply understand how thraustochytrids synthesize fatty acids. While DHA is synthesized by a dedicated enzyme complex, other fatty acids are probably synthesized by the fatty acid synthase, followed by desaturases and elongases. Which unsaturated fatty acids are produced differs between different thraustochytrid genera and species; for example, Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, but not Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21, synthesizes palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7). How strain T66 can produce these fatty acids has not been known, because BLAST analyses suggest that strain T66 does not encode any Δ9-desaturase-like enzyme. However, it does encode one Δ12-desaturase-like enzyme. In this study, the latter enzyme was expressed in A. limacinum SR21, and both C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-7 could be detected in the transgenic cells. Our results show that this desaturase, annotated T66Des9, is a Δ9-desaturase accepting C16:0 as a substrate. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the corresponding gene probably has evolved from a Δ12-desaturase-encoding gene. This possibility has not been reported earlier and is important to consider when one tries to deduce the potential a given organism has for producing unsaturated fatty acids based on its genome sequence alone. Key points • In thraustochytrids, automatic gene annotation does not always explain the fatty acids produced. • T66Des9 is shown to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7). • T66des9 has probably evolved from Δ12-desaturase-encoding genes.

scholarly journals trans Palmitoleic acid arises endogenously from dietary vaccenic acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jaudszus ◽  
R. Kramer ◽  
M. Pfeuffer ◽  
A. Roth ◽  
G. Jahreis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid

scholarly journals Circulating Plasma Omega-7 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (Cis-Vaccenic Acid and Palmitoleic Acid) Are Related to All-Cause Mortality: The Lifelines Fatty Acids Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 532-532
Author(s):  
Yinjie Zhu ◽  
Isidor Minovic ◽  
Ilse Pranger ◽  
Gerjan Navis ◽  
Stephan Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Manuscript Preparation ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Objectives Determine whether plasma omega-7 cis-vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid levels are related to all-cause mortality in a general population. Methods Plasma phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography with polar column and detected with a flame ionization detector in the Lifelines fatty acids cohort study participants (n = 864). Associations with all-cause mortality were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for conventional risk factors. Results During a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 33 (3.9%) participants died. Adjusting for typical risk factors, high levels of plasma PL and TG cis-vaccenic acid, and TG palmitoleic acid were found to be associated with all-cause mortality. A 1-SD increase in PL cis-vaccenic acid, TG cis-vaccenic acid, and TG palmitoleic acid was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality with HRs (95% CI) of 1.69 (1.17–2.46), 1.54 (1.03–1.15), and 1.44 (1.08–1.92), respectively. Compared to the lowest tertile, the HRs (95% CI, p-trend) for the highest tertile of PL cis-vaccenic acid, TG cis-vaccenic acid, and TG palmitoleic acid were 3.0 (1.05–8.56, 0.03), 2.25 (0.87–5.85), and 3.39 (1.24–9.28, 0.02), respectively. Conclusions Elevated levels of plasma cis-vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid are risk factors for all-cause mortality. Funding Sources The data analyses from the Lifelines Cohort that were carried out in this paper were funded by Friesl and Campina. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, manuscript preparation and decision to publish.

scholarly journals The importance of environmental differences in the structuring of rotifer functional diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Galir Balkić
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Main River ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Floodplain Habitats ◽  
Lake Systems ◽  
Functional Feeding Guilds

A dynamic change in environmental conditions among floodplain habitats with different geomorphology might be a significant trigger in determining rotifer functional diversity. The aim of the study was to test the importance of environmental differences between several waterbody types, their positions within the floodplain and supporting microcrustacean communities in the structuring of rotifer functional feeding guilds. The study was conducted in Kopački rit floodplain during 2008 at five sites (two lakes, two channels and the main river). ANOSIM showed a significant difference in spatial distribution among rotifer feeding guilds. Redundancy analyses indicated biotic variables to significantly influence rotifer functional diversity in lake systems while in channel environments and the main riverbed guild representation was mainly influenced by limnological variables. Individual guild abundance changed relative to the site position within the floodplain as well, where the increased distance from the main riverbed resulted in increased rotifer numbers, and a different proportion of microfilter-feeders and macrofilter-feeders was recorded. The multiple linear regression showed a significant relation of macrofilter-feeder rotifers with microcrustaceans pointing to notable exploitative competition among these groups. The results highlight the ecological importance of all types of natural floodplain habitats necessary for preserving and maintaining the rotifer diversity.

Abstract MP005: Plasma Phospholipid Concentration of Palmitoleic Acid is Associated with an Increased Risk of Heart Failure in Male Physicians

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Djousse ◽  
Natalie Weir ◽  
Gregory Kotler ◽  
Naomi Hanson ◽  
Michael Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

Background: Plasma fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis including plamitoleic acid have been associated with a higher risk of blood pressure and type 2 diabetes (two major risk factors for heart failure -HF). However, limited data are available on the association between plasma levels of palmitoleic acid and HF risk. Objective: To test the hypothesis that plasma palmitoleic acid concentration is associated with an increased risk of HF. In a secondary aim, we examined whether stearoyl-CoA desaturase indices, cis -vaccenic acid, and oleic acid were associated with HF risk. Methods: We used a prospective nested case-control design for this project among participants of the Physicians' Health Study. For each of the 788 HF cases, we used the risk set method to randomly select a control among all eligible controls at the time of the index case occurrence. Each control was matched on age, year of birth, race, and time of blood collection of the index case. We used gas chromatography to measure plasma phospolipid fatty acids on frozen blood samples collected between 1997 and 2001 on study subjects free of HF. HF events were ascertained via annual follow-up questionnaires and validated in a subsample through review of medical records (positive predictive value 91% -- 50 confirmed out of 55 self-reported cases). Results: Mean age was 58.7 ± 8.0 years. In a conditional logistic regression controlling for matching factors, odds ratios (95% CI) for HF were 1.0 (reference), 1.00 (0.75–1.33), 1.22 (0.91–1.64), and 1.48 (1.10–1.99) across consecutive quartiles of palmitoleic acid (p trend 0.005). Additional adjustment for body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, prevalent diabetes and coronary disease, marine omega-3 fatty acids, hypertension treatment, and plasma stearic acid did not alter the results [OR: 1.0, 1.00 (0.72–1.37), 1.23 (0.89–1.72), and 1.51 (1.06–2.15) from the lowest to the highest quartile, p trend 0.014]. When analyzed as a continuous variable, each standard deviation increase of plasma palmitoleic acid was associated with a 15% higher odds of HF [OR: 1.15 (1.01–1.31)] in a multivariable adjusted model. In a secondary analysis, plasma phospholipid oleic acid (18:1n−9) and cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n−7) were not associated with the odds of HF. Indices of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (16:1n−7 to 16:0 ratio) and desaturase-2 (18:1n−9 to 18:0 ratio) were not significantly associated with the odds of HF. Conclusion: Our data showed that plasma concentration of palmitoleic acid is positively associated with the risk of HF in male physicians. This suggests that fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis may play a role in the development of HF.

Detection of trace elements in freshwater macrobenthic invertebrates of different functional feeding guilds: A case study in Northeast Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Pastorino ◽  
Marco Bertoli ◽  
Stefania Squadrone ◽  
Paola Brizio ◽  
Gabriele Piazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Functional Feeding Guilds

Genetic influences on F cells and other hematologic variables: a twin heritability study

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Garner ◽  
T. Tatu ◽  
J. E. Reittie ◽  
T. Littlewood ◽  
J. Darley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Variance Components Analysis ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
F Cells ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Genetically Determined

To assess the relative contribution of genetic factors in the variation of F cells (FC) and other hematologic variables, we conducted a classical twin study in unselected twins. The sample included 264 identical (monozygotic [MZ]) twin pairs and 511 nonidentical (dizygotic [DZ]) same-sex twin pairs (aged 20 to 80 years) from the St. Thomas' UK Adult Twin Register. The FC values were distributed continuously and positively skewed, with values ranging from 0.6% to 22%. FC values were higher in women than in men and decreased with age, with the variables accounting for 2% of the total FC variance. The intraclass correlations of FC values were higher in MZ (rMZ = 0.89) than in DZ (rDZ = 0.49) twins. The XmnI-Gγ polymorphism in the β-globin gene cluster had a significant effect on FC levels, accounting for approximately 13% of the total FC variance. Variance components analysis showed that the FC values were accounted for predominantly by additive genetic and nonshared environmental influences, with an estimate of heritability of 0.89. Hemoglobin levels and red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet numbers were also substantially heritable, with heritability estimates of 0.37, 0.42, 0.62, and 0.57, respectively. Previously, studies of sib pairs with sickle cell disease and isolated family studies showed that high levels of Hb F and FC tend to be inherited. Here, our classical twin study demonstrated that the variance of FC levels in healthy adults is largely genetically determined. (Blood. 2000;95:342-346)

scholarly journals Composition of fatty acids and tocopherols in peels, seeds and leaves of Sea buckthorn

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Burčová ◽  
František Kreps ◽  
Štefan Schmidt ◽  
Michal Jablonský ◽  
Aleš Ház ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol ◽  
Tocopherol Composition

Abstract Peels, seeds and leaves of the Sea buckthorn were extracted by methanol and chloroform and characterized in terms of the fatty acids (FA) and tocopherol composition. All morphological parts of Sea buckthorn contained these biologically active compounds useful in medicine, pharmacology, human nutrition and cosmetics. The highest amount of α-tocopherol was found in peels (1103 mg kg-1). The lowest content of α-tocopherol was found in leaves (659 mg kg-1). Delta-tocopherol was found in higher amount in peels 1757 mg kg-1. Seeds contained 95 mg kg-1 of delta-tocopherols. Gamma-tocopherol was found in seeds (459 mg kg-1), peels (188 mg kg-1) and in leaves (587 mg kg-1). β-tocopherol was present only in seeds (171 mg kg-1). Unsaturated fatty acids were dominant in all morphological parts of Sea buckthorn. The highest amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (92 rel. %) were determined in seeds. Dominant fatty acids of seeds were linoleic acid (37 %), α-linolenic acid (30 %) and vaccenic acid (20 %). Leaves were rich in α-linolenic acid (51 %). Dominant fatty acids of peels were oleic acid (16 %), palmitic acid (33 %) and palmitoleic acid (29 %).

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