Historical Review of the Management Approach to Exploitation and Introduction in SCOL Lakes

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Regier ◽  
Vernon C. Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Conservation Movement ◽  
Artificial Propagation ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Intense Exploitation ◽  
Hatchery Program

Though environmental deterioration and destruction has always concerned fishery biologists, much of their scientific and technical activities have been related to understanding and managing direct fisheries harvests, to "improving" fisheries resources through introductions of non-native species, and to assisting the reproductive process of valued stocks with a hatchery program. The history of these approaches in western countries is sketched by time periods as follows: pre-1840, gradually developing science and technology with intensifying direct exploitation; 1840–70, human food shortages in Europe, spreading of artificial propagation and development of hatchery and stocking techniques; 1870–1900, extensive introductions of non-native species, intensified exploitation because of technological advances and market forces, great expansion of artificial propagation; 1900–45, fluctuation in exploitation partly related to the socioeconomic aspects of world wars; 1945–60, conventional hatcheries closing, new fishing gear technology, more intense exploitation, growing concerns about pollution and eutrophication; 1960–70, "back to conservation" movement.

scholarly journals COCONUT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE PHILIPPINES ITS HISTORY, TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND FUTURE TARGETS

CORD ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Dr. SEVERINO S. MAGAT
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Varietal Improvement ◽  
Agricultural Research System

The paper deals with selected aspects of agricultural research on coconuts in the Philippines as follows : (a) a historical review; (2) agricultural research system; (3) scientific and technological advances and findings; and (4) future development oriented targets.   Recognizing the need to support the development of the coconut industry under a sustainable and profitable coconut farming environ­ment, the R & D Thrusts of agricultural research centers on : 1) Varietal Improvement; 2) Cultural and Fertilizer Management (with emphasis on Integrated Soil Fertility Management; 3) Integrated Crop Protection; 4) Cadang‑cadang disease control; 5), Processing and Utilization of Coconut Wood; and 6) Technical Support Services and Advisory Development.

scholarly journals Herbivore biocontrol and manual removal successfully reduce invasive macroalgae on coral reefs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Neilson ◽  
Christopher B Wall ◽  
Frank T Mancini ◽  
Catherine A Gewecke
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Patch Reef ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Patch Reefs ◽  
Manual Removal

Invasive macroalgae pose a serious threat to coral reef biodiversity by monopolizing reef habitats, competing with native species, and directly overgrowing, and smothering reef corals. Several invasive macroalgae (Eucheuma clade E, Kappaphycus clade A and B, Gracilaria salicornia, and Acanthophora spicifera) are established within Kāne‘ohe Bay (O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, USA), and reducing invasive macroalgae cover is a coral reef conservation and management priority. However, invasive macroalgae control techniques are limited and few successful large-scale applications exist. Therefore, a two-tiered invasive macroalgae control approach was designed, where first, divers manually remove invasive macroalgae (Eucheuma and Kappaphycus) aided by an underwater vacuum system (“The Super Sucker”). Second, hatchery-raised juvenile sea urchins (Tripneustes gratilla), were outplanted to graze and control invasive macroalgae regrowth. To test the effectiveness of this approach in a natural reef ecosystem, four discrete patch reefs with high invasive macroalgae cover (15 – 26 %) were selected, and macroalgae removal plus urchin biocontrol (treatment reefs, n = 2), or no treatment (control reefs, n = 2), was applied at the patch reef-scale. In applying the invasive macroalgae treatment, the control effort manually removed ~ 19,000 kg of invasive macroalgae and ~ 99,000 juvenile sea urchins were outplanted across to two patch-reefs, totaling ~ 24,000 m2 of reef area. Changes in benthic cover were monitored over two years (five sampling periods) before-and-after the treatment was applied. Over the study period, removal and biocontrol reduced invasive macroalgae cover by 85 % at treatment reefs. Our results show that manual removal in combination with hatchery raised urchin biocontrol is an effective management approach for controlling invasive macroalgae at reef-wide spatial scales and temporal scales of months to years.

scholarly journals Herbivore biocontrol and manual removal successfully reduce invasive macroalgae on coral reefs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Neilson ◽  
Christopher B Wall ◽  
Frank T Mancini ◽  
Catherine A Gewecke
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Patch Reef ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Patch Reefs ◽  
Manual Removal

Invasive macroalgae pose a serious threat to coral reef biodiversity by monopolizing reef habitats, competing with native species, and directly overgrowing, and smothering reef corals. Several invasive macroalgae (Eucheuma clade E, Kappaphycus clade A and B, Gracilaria salicornia, and Acanthophora spicifera) are established within Kāne‘ohe Bay (O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, USA), and reducing invasive macroalgae cover is a coral reef conservation and management priority. However, invasive macroalgae control techniques are limited and few successful large-scale applications exist. Therefore, a two-tiered invasive macroalgae control approach was designed, where first, divers manually remove invasive macroalgae (Eucheuma and Kappaphycus) aided by an underwater vacuum system (“The Super Sucker”). Second, hatchery-raised juvenile sea urchins (Tripneustes gratilla), were outplanted to graze and control invasive macroalgae regrowth. To test the effectiveness of this approach in a natural reef ecosystem, four discrete patch reefs with high invasive macroalgae cover (15 – 26 %) were selected, and macroalgae removal plus urchin biocontrol (treatment reefs, n = 2), or no treatment (control reefs, n = 2), was applied at the patch reef-scale. In applying the invasive macroalgae treatment, the control effort manually removed ~ 19,000 kg of invasive macroalgae and ~ 99,000 juvenile sea urchins were outplanted across to two patch-reefs, totaling ~ 24,000 m2 of reef area. Changes in benthic cover were monitored over two years (five sampling periods) before-and-after the treatment was applied. Over the study period, removal and biocontrol reduced invasive macroalgae cover by 85 % at treatment reefs. Our results show that manual removal in combination with hatchery raised urchin biocontrol is an effective management approach for controlling invasive macroalgae at reef-wide spatial scales and temporal scales of months to years.

scholarly journals Assemblage, Abundance and Diversity of Fish Species in River Dhaleshwari, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Mehady Islam ◽  
Rumana Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Fish Biodiversity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fish Species Composition

Biodiversity in realism is a measure of the adherents of species that characterize a biological community and thought to be one of the extremely imperative aspects of community establishment and structure. The study regarding the fish biodiversity is very much needed as it is directly related to the fisheries resource structure and also contributes significantly towards resource richness. Therefore the present study was performed to evaluate the concurrent fish species composition, abundance and some major fish biodiversity indices of the River Dhaleshwari of Bangladesh. The study area was about 564.20 ha and 20 kilometers long along the main stream of the river Dhaleshwari. The starting point was the Tulshikhali bridge, Keranigonj and the end point was Balur char, Munshigonj. The geographical locations of the sampling stations were between 90̊ 17ʹ E to 90̊ 25ʹ E and 23º 40´ N to 23º 37´ N. The study was conducted between August’2015 and October’2016.The fish species diversity showed spatial variation among the sampling stations. The biodiversity appraisal validates Shannon index (0.122-0.634) with highest value in Balur char and lowest in Pathor ghata; Simpson’s index (0.325-0.893) with utmost valuation for the Pathor ghata and lowermost for Balur char; Pielou’s evenness index (0.117-0.588) with maximum value for the Balur char and least for Pathor ghata; Margaleff index (4.793-7.438) with uppermost value for the Balur char and minimum in Tulshikhali; topmost abundance of fish was recorded from Tulshikhali and least for Balur char and maximum number of unique species was recorded for Tulshikhali and minimum from Balur char. Moreover, the current study correspondingly has ascertained the pragmatism and efficacy of biodiversity assessment to scrutinize and epitomize fisheries resources for better management of the river Dhaleshwari. Effective management approach should be applied for precisely maintaining the fish habitat health and ecological condition intact before it’s too late.

Idea paper: Monitoring and databasing non-native species to manage establishment debt in aquatic ecosystems

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Invasion Pathway

In the era of globalization, biological invasions are one of the most serious social issues. Thus, managing its impact is an urgent task. It is essential to control non-native species before they become established. However, it is insufficient to address establishment debt, which occurs when a non-native species has been introduced into an area but has not yet been established in the wild. In particular, unintentionally introduced or contaminated organisms of the aquatic ornamental pet trade are referred to as “hitchhikers” and have not received much attention in the context of establishment debt. To understand the nature of establishment debt, including that of aquatic hitchhikers, I propose the monitoring of non-native species inhabiting artificial isolated waters, such as indoor aquariums, and the construction of a database using environmental DNA metabarcoding. This idea would be an effective non-regulatory management approach when implemented broadly, at the country level. Furthermore, implementation of this strategy in combination with border biosecurity and field monitoring may promote accurate prioritization, rapid species identification, and effective invasion pathway assessment.

scholarly journals Invasion and predation in aquatic ecosystems

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Mitten Crabs ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract This article reviews biological invasions in which predation (or its absence) plays a major role in the success of the invader. Examples are described in which the invader out-competes native species for the same food, and cases in which the invader consumes valued native species. In many instances, better predator avoidance by the invasive species or the absence of predators in the new habitat contributes to the success of the invaders; in other cases native or introduced predators appear to be able to keep the invasive species in check. A relatively new management approach in the US is the idea of adding another trophic level – to have humans act as the predators and consume the invasive species. This approach is being utilized in Florida and throughout the Caribbean against the lionfish, but could be extended to other fishes, as well as to various invasive crustaceans and mollusks. This idea is controversial, and current regulations prohibiting the possession of individuals of the invasive species (e.g., mitten crabs or snakefish) would preclude the development of a fishery for them.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN EKOSISTEM DI PAPARAN BANJIRAN GIAM SIAK KECIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaluddin Kasim ◽  
Eko Prianto ◽  
Husnah Husnah ◽  
Setiya Triharyuni
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Fishing Practices

Cagar biosfir Giam Siak Kecil (GSK) merupakan ekosistem paparan banjiran yang unik dengan sumberdaya ikan yang beragam. Terdapat beberapa permasalahan terkait pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan diantaranya penurunan jumlah dan jenis sumberdaya perikanan. Salah satu upaya pengelolaan perikanan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan ekosistem (Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management/EAFM). Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan melalui pendekatan ekosistem di rawa banjiran GSK Provinsi Riau. Jenis ikan yang ditemukan sebanyak 37 jenis ikan, 10 jenis diantaranya merupakan ikan ekonomis penting, sementara 5 jenis ikan mengalami kelangkaan diantaranya arwana (Schleropages aureus), belida (Chitala sp), patin (Pangasius sp), jalai (Channa maruliodes). Nilai beberapa domain pada pengelolaan perikanan GSK menunjukkan skor pada kategori buruk (dibawah reference point) yakni pada domain penangkapan, kelembagaan dan ekonomi. Namun, secara umum kondisi pengelolaan rawa banjiran GSK tergolong dalam kategori sedang (nilai 1,53). Focus group discussion merumuskan langkah-langkah pengelolaan yang diperlukan diantaranya: 1) restocking ikan asli. 2) pengembangan kawasan suaka perikanan, 3) peningkatan pengawasan terhadap praktek-praktek penangkapan ikan ilegal dan merusak, 4) penguatan kelembagaan pengelolaan perikanan, dan 5) monitoring hasil tangkapan ikan beserta evaluasi pengelolaannya.Giam Siak Kecil Biosphere Reserve is a part of unique floodplain ecosystem, which is inhabited by various fresh water fish species. The catches of some native species have curtailed over the last decade since the local fishers often use destructive fishing practices and gears. A sustainable management approach needs to be addressed to avoid over-exploitation and to restore the stock. This research aimed to formulate proper management approach that can be applied to the floodplain ecosystem of Giam Siak Kecil Biosphere Reserve. The research found that at least 37 species of fish were recorded, 10 of them were economically important species. There were five species categorized as rare species such as Arwana (Schleropages aureus), Belida (Chitala sp), Patin (Pangasius sp), and Jalai (Channa maruliodes). EAFM indikators showed that the lowest score (below the reference point) were found on fishery domain, organization domain, and economy domain. Nevertheless, it could be concluded that floodplain ecosystem of Giam Siak Kecil Biosphere Reserve was categorized in middle class category, with average scores of 1.53. Based on the findings above, the formulation of management purposed should be addressed to: 1) restocking native fishes, 2) developing fishery sanctuary, 3) increase surveillance of illegal fishing practices, 4) strengthening fishers organizations, 5) monitoring and evaluating the catch on weekly or monthly basis.

scholarly journals A historical review of Australian aerial vertebrate pest control, targeting dingoes and wild dogs 1946 - 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Philip
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Target Species ◽  
World War ◽  
Introduced Pest ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the history of aerial baiting in Australia since the first operations commenced in 1946, initially targeting the dingo ( Canis dingo ). It was believed that dingo populations had proliferated during the Second World War, and posed a threat the re-emerging wool and meat industry. New technologies took advantage of skilled air force pilots, and the surplus of aircraft available post World War 2, to commence an inexpensive, sustained and landscape wide approach to pest management. Aerial baiting has continued to develop as a technology since this time. However, it was 21 years before Australia started the first comprehensive research trial into its efficacy in controlling the target species. The results of these tests that commenced in 1968 were an overwhelming failure. More tests in the 1970s had similar results, yet the broad-scale poisoning of pest species from the air continued. The application of aerial baiting in dingo/wild dog control is believed to have a temporal effect, anecdotally achieving short-term goals towards reducing livestock losses from predation. There is no conclusive data, however, to support this claim. The true impact of aerial baiting on target and non-target native species, and ecosystem function, is potentially great. It is not possible to gain accurate data on the impact of these programs due to the inaccessible nature of the terrain and/or lack of funding for before-after-control-impact (BACI) research and analysis. However, it is possible to conclude from reviewing historical and contemporary land baiting trials, that there is reason to be greatly concerned. Aerial campaigns originally designed to protect agricultural interests have been re-deployed in recent conservation programs, designed to protect biodiversity and to eradicate an increasing number of introduced “pest” species. A review of the scientific and historical data raises concerns about the ethics, inefficiencies, indefinable impacts, and high uptake of baits by non-target species, throughout aerial baiting operations in agricultural and conservation zones. The report concludes that the impact of aerial baiting is essentially incalculable, and potentially environmentally hazardous. The risks of these programs have been greatly understated in published reports and reviews over the past 70 years.

Managing the Impacts of Human Activities on Fish Habitat: The Governance, Practices, and Science

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Coastal Resources ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Nature Studies ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Approach

<em>Abstract</em>.—Artificial reefs quickly became important in Malaysian fisheries management after their introduction in the 1970s. Their popularity lies in their potential for rehabilitating and enhancing coastal resources, particularly after the establishment of legal protection for coastal resources via regulations regarding fishing zonation in 1985. These human-made substrates were created from various materials, from tires to concrete structures. These structures were meant to create permanent sites conceptually similar to traditional artificial reefs deployed by local fishers that were more temporary in nature. Studies conducted up to the 1990s indicated that artificial reefs had the potential to bring resource users and managers together to establish a community-based management of small-scale coastal fisheries. However, the degree of progress made toward using artificial reefs to bring together users and managers remained obscure. Subsequently, a case study conducted between 2008 and 2010 used the sustainable livelihood approach to gain the perspectives of small-scale fishers on artificial reefs in Terengganu. This paper revisits the potential and challenges of using artificial reefs to implement a community-based fishery management approach. Focus is given to the institutional arrangements, both indigenous and official, that mediate the use of artificial reefs by small-scale fishers in Setiu. While many enabling factors exist, institutional weaknesses that impede a more inclusive management structure also persist. The importance of leveraging traditional fishing codes of conduct to manage access to artificial reefs is highlighted as the key to realizing the potential of deploying artificial reefs to enhance livelihoods based on sustainable fisheries resources.

Brienzersee, Thunersee, and Bielersee: Effects of Exploitation and Eutrophication on the Salmonid Communities

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Roth ◽  
W. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Hatchery Program ◽  
Made In

These three lakes of the Aare Valley in Switzerland have been subjected to increasingly intense fisheries exploitation in recent decades. Fishing intensities have been roughly comparable in the three lakes in any particular year. Attempts at introducing non-native species have been made in all lakes but none of the attempts have had appreciable effect. Nutrient loading, due to domestic wastes predominantly, has been much greater with the downstream Bielersee than the upper two lakes, and somewhat greater in the Thunersee than the highest lake, Brienzersee. But even the latter is now showing symptoms of nutrient stress, in that populations of indicator phytoplankters have recently erupted.Ecological effects ascribed to the fishery include a marked reduction in stocks of Arctic char due to angling and pelagic coregonines due to commercial gillnetting. The latter taxa have recently shown pronounced fluctuations in year-class abundance. An energetic hatchery program has mitigated exploitation effects to some extent.Total stocks of fishes have increased due to eutrophication with initial increases in all fish taxa, except perhaps Arctic char. The cyprinids, percids, and esocids have increased in the Bielersee to a far greater extent than the salmonids with a result that the latter are now contributing smaller proportions of the catches. The cyprinids have little economic value and their burgeoning stocks are creating ecological and economic problems in the Bielersee as well as many other Swiss lakes. The cyprinids apparently cannot be effectively controlled by piscivores such as esocids, even where the latter are assisted by a hatchery program.

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